Introduction to Temple of Heaven
The Temple of Heaven is the floorboard of two altars, Qiuqiu and Gucci. It has double altar walls, forming an inner and outer altar. The altar wall is round in the south and round in the north, which symbolizes the round place. The main building is in the inner altar, the ball altar is in the south and the valley prayer altar is in the north. The two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by a wall. The main buildings of the ball arena include the ball arena, the Imperial Palace, etc. The main buildings of the Valley Altar include the Hall of Praying for the Year, the Palace and the Gate of Praying for the Year.
Extended data:
1. Architectural features of the Temple of Heaven:
The Temple of Heaven is famous for its rigorous architectural layout, peculiar architectural structure and magnificent architectural decoration. The total area is about 2.7 million square meters, which is divided into inner altar and outer altar. The main buildings are in the inner altar, with the altar and the royal dome in the south, and the Hall of Praying for the New Year and the Hall of the Dry Emperor in the north. The two groups of buildings are connected by a tunnel running through the north and south-a single bridge. The outer altar is lush with cypresses and surrounds the inner altar, which makes the main buildings look more solemn and magnificent. There are also echo walls, three-tone stones, dialogue stones and so on. The altar was skillfully built by using acoustic principles, which fully demonstrated the developed level of ancient architectural technology in China. Tiantan Park is the largest existing altar complex in China.
2. Historical evolution:
(1) In the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), a heaven and earth altar was built in imitation of Nanjing, and a ceremony was held in the Great Sacrifice Hall.
(2) In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), Emperor Jiajing heard the minister say, "The ancients worshipped heaven in the round hill and the earth in the square hill. Hilly people, hills on the ground in the southern suburbs, are as high as the sky. Fangqiu is a hill in the northern suburbs of Zezhong, and the hill goes down to the ground. " So I decided to divide the sacrifices into heaven and earth, build a dome to worship heaven in the south of the Great Sacrifice Hall, and build another Fang Zetan to worship heaven outside the Anding Gate in the north city.
(3) In the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Qiuqiu was renamed Tiantan, and Fangze was renamed Ditan. After the temple was abandoned, it was turned into a prayer altar.
(4) In the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), the altar of praying for the valley was abandoned, and a great hall was built on it in the nineteenth year and completed in the twenty-fourth year.
(5) In the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1), it was renamed Hall of Prayer for the New Year. Later, it was repaired and expanded many times.
(6) 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance set up a headquarters in the Temple of Heaven and fired a gun on the dome. Cultural relics and sacrificial vessels were swept away, and buildings and trees were destroyed.
(7) 1949 After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government invested a lot of money to protect and maintain the cultural relics of the Temple of Heaven.
(8) 196 1 year, the State Council announced the Temple of Heaven as "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit". 1998 was recognized as a "world cultural heritage" by UNESCO. On May 8, 2007, Tiantan Park was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia: Tiantan Park