What are the plants that adsorb the wall?

Species, families, scientific names, characters, climbing, ornamental and use, the leaves of wisteria in Wisteria Leguminosae bloom in early August-10 May-June, which is an excellent trellis. The greening material of dead trees and rocks on the porch is the fallen leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum, a genus of Patrinia, 10- 16. 25-30 leaves of grape in rockery fence, with light green flowers and thick leaves, can be used as scaffolding and fence walls. The fallen leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb. begin to bloom in June-August and May-July, and then turn white, which can be planted as a fence flower stand. Greening the sides of flower galleries or rock canyons and slopes; American Parthenocissus leaves in March-June; Flowering from July to August, the inflorescence is umbrella-shaped, the fruit is black and slightly white, and the autumn leaves are red. Mostly used for vertical greening and decoration of building walls and slopes. The autumn red leaves of the genus Beech in Vitaceae 16-30 can be used for building greening, such as rock trunk fences, and are widely used for wall greening. Morning glory is a morning glory 1a herb. Flowering period is June-10/October. Corolla is funnel-shaped blue or purple. It blooms in the morning and closes at noon. Quamoctiti pennata 1A, a refuge genus of convolvulaceae, is the flowering season in summer, and its color is crimson white, which is an ideal plant for garden flower beds and flower hedges. 8- 10, an evergreen plant of Rosa banka in Rosaceae. Flowers in April-May are made of white or yellow scaffolding materials. Actinidia of Actinidia of Actinidiaceae has 3-5 deciduous leaves. Flowering in May, ivory scaffold material honeysuckle semi-evergreen 6-8. Flowering from May to July, white flowers are vertically evergreen under the ivy of Araliaceae. 20-30 Flowering from August to September, the flowers are white and fragrant, the Euonymus fortunei is evergreen 8- 10, and the autumn leaves are reddish. Vertical greening technology of wall covering in flowering period from June to July. It is the use of climbing plants for building facade greening, including green sheds, verandahs, lamp posts, fences, gates, leaky windows, empty windows, stone slopes and other building sketches. Wall greening is the main form of vertical greening. Plants with climbing characteristics such as adsorption, winding, tendrils and barbs are used to green the building wall. As early as the17th century, climbing plants were used in the greening of pavilions and corridors in Russia, and later introduced into building walls, which were also widely used in Europe and America. It is also widely used in China, especially in recent ten years, many cities have listed wall greening as one of the criteria for greening evaluation. First, the role of wall greening If there are plants climbing on the wall, it can block solar radiation and absorb heat. The measured results show that the average temperature of the outer surface of the wall decreases from 35. 1℃ to 30.7℃, with a difference of 4.4℃. However, the inner surface temperature of the wall dropped from 30.0℃ to 29. 1℃, with a difference of 0.9℃ ... The cooling effect brought by leaf transpiration near the wall also made the wall temperature slightly lower than the air temperature (about 1.6℃). In contrast, the temperature of the ungreened exterior wall is about 7.2℃ higher than the air temperature, and the difference between them is about 8.8℃. Obviously, greening has a great influence on the wall temperature, which significantly reduces the heat transfer through the exterior wall and windows, reduces the indoor surface temperature, improves the indoor thermal comfort or reduces the energy consumption of air conditioning. After falling leaves in winter, it will not affect the solar radiation heat of the wall, and at the same time, the branches attached to the wall will become an insulation layer, which will narrow the temperature difference between winter and summer, reduce the wind speed and resist wind and rain. This can reduce the adverse effects of various climate changes on buildings and prolong the service life of external walls. In addition, wall greening can also reduce urban noise. When the noise sound waves pass through the dense rattan leaves, about 26% sound waves are absorbed. The leaves of climbing plants are mostly fluffy or concave-convex veins, which can absorb a lot of floating dust and play a role in filtering and purifying the air. Because plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, they can get more fresh air in a house full of vines, which can improve the urban heat island effect and form a good microclimate environment. Residential buildings are dense, and wall greening is more important to improve the quality of living environment. Vertical greening of walls has good ornamental value. Generally, the area and shape of greening can be artificially controlled, and greening can also cover the whole building or cover the wall with a pattern. Green plants are popular in the world to "build walls", that is, the "ideal wall" for vertical greening. This "growth wall" can absorb heat in summer and keep out the cold in winter. If the plant species are properly selected, the inside and outside of the wall are almost evergreen, giving people the feeling of being in nature. 2. Plants for wall greening There are abundant plant resources planted in vertical greening in China. These plants have the advantages of fast growth, easy planting management, high survival rate, more greening per unit area, extensive maintenance management, low price and less greening investment. In the design of exterior wall greening, different plants should be selected according to the climate characteristics of different regions. The vast majority of plant materials for wall greening are climbing plants, and the types of climbing plants are divided into the following types according to climbing methods. (1). Automatic winding plants: They don't have special climbing organs, but rely on the main stem of the plant itself to grow on other plants or objects. This kind of stem is called winding stem. Its winding direction is right-handed, such as hops and grass; Directional left-handed, such as wisteria and morning glory. ; There are also plants that rotate left and right and change their winding direction. (2) Attached climbing plants: there are obvious climbing organs, which are used to fix themselves on the support and grow upward or sideways. (3) Compound climbing plants: plants with obvious climbing ability, such as bent stems, regular grasses with climbing organs, and plants with more than two climbing methods, are called compound climbing plants. Vertical greening of buildings by climbing plants is an effective heat insulation measure. The disadvantage of this measure is that it clings to the wall and makes the air stagnate, thus preventing the breeze from blowing away the hot air clinging to the wall. However, the evaporation of water vapor on leaves is beneficial to offset the adverse effects of these trapped hot air. Climbing plants have no destructive effect on wall masonry, but after climbing plants are planted on the wall, insects will fly together, which is worth noting Three, the planting form of wall greening and matters needing attention 1. The planting form of wall greening covers a small area, but the green coverage area is large, and its green area is dozens of times the planting area. Wall greening should choose suitable plant materials according to the natural conditions, wall materials, wall orientation and building height of residential areas. (1) Wall materials: The common wall materials of residential buildings in China are mostly cement walls or painted walls, fair-faced brick walls, lime painted walls and other painted walls. Practice has proved that the rougher the wall structure, the more conducive to the spread and growth of climbing plants. Some countries in Europe and America often use wooden frames, barbed wire and other auxiliary plants to climb on the wall in order to attach plants to the wall. After artificial pruning, pull the branches to the wooden frame and barbed wire to make the wall green. (2) Wall orientation: Different plant materials are suitable for different wall orientations. Generally speaking, the wall facing south and east has more lighting, while the wall facing north and west has less lighting; Some residential walls are close to each other, and the light is insufficient, so it is necessary to choose suitable plant materials according to the specific situation. When choosing climbing plants, evergreen trees should be planted in the east, west and north directions, and deciduous trees should be planted in the south wall to help the south wall absorb more solar radiation heat in winter. Therefore, the wall facing south can choose Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Lingxiao. The wall facing north can choose ivy, Ficus pumila and Euonymus fortunei. In different areas, plant materials suitable for different walls are not exactly the same, so plant materials should be selected according to local conditions. (3) Wall height: The climbing ability of climbing plants is different, so the suitable plants should be selected according to the wall height. The walls of high-rise and multi-storey houses can choose species with strong growth ability such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata; The low wall can be planted with Euonymus fortunei, Ficus pumila, Ivy, lateral branches and Lingxiao. The materials suitable for wall greening are very rich, and there are many applications abroad, such as roses, which have lush foliage and long flowering period; For example, wisteria is planted on the wall or in front of a low-rise building to make the building look brand-new. 2. Planting method of wall greening (1): A brick ridge wall with a height of 0.3~0.4m is built outside the traditional apron to form a planting trough, which is filled with soil or light planting materials to plant climbing plants. (2), each layer of ring beam pick out planting groove. (3) Pick out the planting pots on the wall, arrange them according to the design pattern, and plant flowers with patterns. (4), windowsill, balcony planting trough, etc. Plants can be sprayed at home or through pipe network, and rainwater can also be stored in layers for irrigation. 3. The above planting methods shall be adopted for matters needing attention. If there is bare mud at the root of the wall, it can be planted directly. In order to prevent people from trampling and vehicles from being crushed, a guardrail with a height of 0.25~0.35m can be built at a distance of 0.3~0.5m from the wall, and seedlings can be planted in the guardrail. If there is no silt at the root of the wall, trench fill can be planted, and the height of the trench should be above 0.45m; You can also plant seedlings in flowerpots, and place a pot every 0.3~0.5m along the wall to make it soar along the wall. In order to prevent the basement wall from being wet, the foundation trench generally needs to be filled with sand and gravel, which is of course unfavorable to plant growth. Therefore, it is required to dig the material planting pit larger and fill the soil, humus and peat after planting plants. Seaweed powder, keratin powder, dried fish powder and bone powder should also be applied as needed, so that plants can thrive. If the planting pit is too small, just like planting a tree in a flowerpot, the extension of the root system of the plant is limited, and the result will only lead to serious malnutrition of the plant, from the light to the fragile to the severe death. For those who need to set up auxiliary support frames, such as scaffolding, poles, grid frames, pull ropes, etc. , should be set to be conducive to plant growth. Climbing plants need to cultivate scaffolding, not simply stick it on the wall. The choice of scaffold form should be based on the principle that plants can flourish and climb firmly on the scaffold. Scaffolding should not only bear the weight of plants, but also bear the impact of wind and rain, especially cyclones that often appear in the corners of buildings. Whether it is a bracket, shed or hanging rope, it must be firmly fixed on the building wall. Rust-proof bolts and tenons should be installed on concrete wallboard and other building components, and bolts and anchor bolts should be rusted. If the plastic rope is used for traction, the plastic rope should be resistant to ultraviolet rays, because the plastic rope cannot be covered by plants for a long time, and it will become brittle or even broken in the long run, so it must rust. With the development of science and technology, people's requirements for the quality of living environment are constantly improving. The organic combination of architectural technology and ornamental gardening provides a broad application prospect for wall greening. The configuration and selection of wall greening should be based on the geographical climate and natural environment, the functional requirements of the building, the height of the wall to which plants are attached, the building materials and orientation of the wall. , should be adapted to local conditions, especially in combination with the specific thermal environment and building requirements.