China Naming Network - Eight-character Q&A - What are the tombs of emperors that were stolen in ancient times?

What are the tombs of emperors that were stolen in ancient times?

From ancient times to the present, some people have robbed other people’s tombs for property. Countless tombs have been stolen. Next, let’s learn about the tombs of emperors that were stolen in ancient times. Which ones, welcome to read!

What are the stolen imperial tombs

1. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors all have nominal tombs, but they are all commemorative tombs built by later generations.

2. The Xia Dynasty is difficult to examine because of its many controversies. If Erlitou is considered to be the capital of the Xia Dynasty, then I wonder if the large tomb in the ruins of Palace No. 2 is the tomb of a political or religious leader at that time? The tomb has been stolen.

3. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the tombs of Shang kings and Zhou kings all over the country were basically either built later or later.

The tombs of Shang kings that can be confirmed by archeology are in the Yin Ruins. However, they were either stolen or the specific attribution could not be proven. However, the only large tomb that has not been stolen and whose attribution can be identified is the Tomb of Fuhao, and a large number of them were unearthed. Bronze vessels and other artifacts. The royal tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty are located in the Zhougong Temple area. This has yielded preliminary results and needs further research. The royal tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty are located in Zhoushan, Jincun and Wangcheng areas of Luoyang. The royal tombs of the Zhou Dynasty were unearthed in the three areas of Zhoushan, Jincun and Wangcheng. The horse pit is all too familiar.

4. The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is in Lintong. The terracotta warriors and horses buried with him are world-famous. The tomb should not have been stolen.

5. There are 9 mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty in Xianyang Plateau, and 1 mausoleum each in Bailu Plateau and Shaoling Plateau in the southeast of Chang'an. Unfortunately, they were stolen by Chimei, Lu Bu and the hungry people of Chang'an. It is said that the tomb of Emperor Hanwen was buried simply. It was spared, but according to the "Discussion on the Tomb Formation of the Emperor's Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty" ("Archaeology" 2015-8), the Emperor Ba's Tomb of the Han Dynasty was robbed no later than 2001. According to the robbers, the Ba's Tomb has three levels. In the cloister, more than 300 cultural relics were stolen at that time. There are 5 tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Mengjin and 6 in Yanshi. The tombs of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty in Xiuwu, Liu Yi and Liu Bian cannot be examined and were basically stolen.

5. Cao Cao’s tomb in Xigaoxue Village, Anyang, has actually been stolen many times, but the remains are still considerable. Cao Pi’s mausoleum is said to be in Caizhuang, Nancai, Yanshi, and Cao Rui’s mausoleum is said to be in Ruyang Rudian Village, but None of them have been confirmed. The last three deposed emperors did not have their mausoleums erected according to the emperor's specifications; Liu Bei's mausoleum is said to be in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, but it has not been confirmed; Liu Chan's tomb is said to be in Zhaiquan Village, Mengjin, which cannot be verified; Sun Jian's and Sun Ce's tombs are said to be outside Panmen, Suzhou, in the Song Dynasty It has been stolen before. Sun Quan's mausoleum is said to be in the Mingxiao Tomb in Zhongshan, Nanjing, but it has not been confirmed. Sun Hao's tomb is suspected to be in Sunjiashan, Jiangning or somewhere in Luoyang, but it has not been confirmed. Sun Xiu's mausoleum is said to be in Longhua Village, Dangtu, but it has not been confirmed.

6. Of the four emperors of the Western Jin Dynasty, only Emperor Wu and Emperor Hui had tombs. Sima Yi, Sima Zhao, and Sima Shi all had their tombs posthumously, but they were all stolen. Most of the remaining ones were vermilion-coated pottery and colorful clam shells. , with occasional gold leaf and beads. The Eastern Jin Dynasty has 4 tombs in Jilong Mountain, Nanjing, 5 tombs from Fugui Mountain to Zijin Mountain, and the tomb of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty in Mufu Mountain. Most of them have been stolen. The remaining funerary objects in the Yongping Tomb of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty are slightly more, including gold and silver ornaments and Glassware.

7. All 19 tombs in the Southern Dynasties were stolen. In the Sui Dynasty, tombs were even excavated for revenge (such as the tomb of Chen Ba). The famous artifacts unearthed include the brick paintings of the Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove. Most of the tombs in the Northern Dynasties were also stolen, and most of the famous artifacts unearthed were figurines and murals.

8. The Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty is located in Fufeng Sanjiang Plateau and has not been excavated by archeology. It is speculated that it will not be immune to theft. The Mausoleum of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty is in Xihu Town, Yangzhou. The teeth, epitaphs and ten of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty were unearthed. The three-ring belt is the most famous. It may not have been stolen, but it has collapsed for a long time.

9. There are 18 Tang tombs in Guanzhong, Zhaozong’s tomb is in Yanshi, and Emperor Ai’s tomb is in Heze. After the Anshi Rebellion, they were gradually stolen. Huang Chao in the late Tang Dynasty, Wen Tao in the Five Dynasties, and You Lie were robbed in the 1990s. Except for the Qianling Mausoleum, which was built with sand protection due to the mountain, all the other 19 tombs were stolen.

10. Most of the emperors of the Five Dynasties failed to build their mausoleums in the shape of emperors. The most complete tomb of the Later Zhou Dynasty is in Xinzheng. It was stolen during the Republic of China and the 1990s. The imperial mausoleum of the Southern Tang Dynasty is in Dongshanqiao, Jiangning. , it was stolen many times in history, leaving only pottery figurines and other items.

11. The imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty in Gongyi was stolen by Liu Yu, the puppet Qi Dynasty. The imperial mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty in Shaoxing was completely destroyed by monks Yang Liazhenjia and Yunze of the Yuan Dynasty, and even the body was insulted. The skull of Song Lizong The quilt was peeled off and used as a drinking vessel. It was not buried until the Ming Dynasty.

12. The Liao Mausoleums are scattered in Lindong Town (Yelu Abaoji) of Bahrain Left Banner, Jingou (2 Tombs) and Wangfenggou (3 Tombs) of Bahrain Right Banner.

The Abaoji Tomb is intact. The Jingou and Wangfenggou tombs were stolen in the early Jin Dynasty and were stolen and excavated during the Japanese occupation. Only the mourning book is preserved in the Liaoning Museum, and the rest should be in Japan.

13. The Western Xia Mausoleums are located at the foot of Helan Mountain. They were destroyed by the Yuan army and almost all the remains were stolen.

14. Jin Taizu was originally buried in Jinshangjing, Acheng, Heilongjiang, and was later buried in Shanhe Township. Unfortunately, the King of Jinling was too angry and ordered the destruction of Jinling. Later, archaeological excavations unearthed items such as a gold silk crown and an iron sword with a copper handle.

15. All the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were buried in Chaan Valley. It is said that there were no accompanying burials and no mausoleums.

16. Zhu Yuanzhang’s mausoleum is in Zhongshan, Nanjing, and the rest of the Ming Dynasty emperors are buried in the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Except for the archaeological excavation of Dingling, the rest are intact. More than 3,000 cultural relics were unearthed from Dingling, including golden crowns, phoenix crowns, military uniforms, silk fabrics, and Xiape pendants. However, problems such as backward cultural relic protection technology were also exposed. During the Cultural Revolution, tragedies such as the burning of corpses occurred.

17. Nurhachi and Huang Taiji were buried in Shenyang, and together with the imperial tombs of their ancestors, they were called the Three Tombs of Shengjing; there are 5 tombs in Fengtailing, Zunhua, commonly known as the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty; Taiping Valley in Yixian County There are four mausoleums, commonly known as the Qingxi Mausoleum. In 1928, Sun Dianying robbed Emperor Qianlong

The imperial mausoleum that had never been stolen

The mausoleum of Qin Shihuang had not been stolen.

Secret burials were popular among the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, so the tombs of the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty have not yet been discovered and opened.

In the Ming Dynasty, only the tomb of Emperor Wanli was opened by archaeologists in the 1950s, and the other tombs were well preserved.

Many imperial tombs were stolen during the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi, Qianlong, Guangxu, and Cixi were all robbed by bandits and warlords.

The most famous one that has not been stolen is the Qianlong tomb where Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty are buried outside the Mausoleum of the First Emperor.

The tombs of the emperors of the Han Dynasty were all robbed and robbed crazily. Because warlords and tomb robberies were prevalent during the Eastern Han Dynasty, almost no imperial tombs of the Han Dynasty were spared. Even the Maoling of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not know that it had been robbed. How many times.

The one belonging to Emperor Sui Yang of the Sui Dynasty should not be called the Imperial Tomb. It can only be regarded as a tomb, because it was his descendants who collected and buried his body. However, it has not been dug up and is well preserved.

The reason why no one dares to steal the Ming Tombs

The famous Ming Tombs refer to the tombs of the thirteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty, starting from the seventh year of Yongle The construction of the mausoleum lasted for more than 230 years until the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty was buried in this mausoleum. The mausoleum includes 13 emperors' mausoleums, 23 queens' mausoleums, two princes' mausoleums, seven concubines' mausoleums and one eunuch's mausoleum. .

It is located in Tianshou Mountain, one of the foothills of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, the northwest suburb of Beijing, more than 50 kilometers away from Beijing, with a total area of more than 120 square kilometers. Among the imperial tombs in Chinese history, the Ming Tombs are relatively well-preserved, with majestic architecture and extremely high historical and cultural value. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to protect this cultural monument, the state treated the Ming Tombs as a key cultural relic.

The Ming Tombs were established as the first batch of key ancient architectural cultural relics protection units in Beijing and the national key cultural relics protection units in 1957 and 1961 respectively; in 1982, they were established as 44 key cultural relics protection units nationwide by the State Council. One of the scenic spots and protected areas; in 1991, it was once again identified as one of the top 40 tourist attractions in China by the National Tourism Administration; in 1992, it was rated as having the most intact and buried emperors in the world by the Beijing Tourism World's Best Selection Committee of tombs. ?

Such a perfect mausoleum should not be ignored. However, throughout ancient and modern times, it has never been robbed. Why? Cultural relics workers found three reasons through research and measurement: First, , the design of the tomb passages of the Ming Tombs is extremely irregular. Instead of the conventional way, it leads straight to the tomb chamber through the central axis and wraps around from the edge. Once around, it is easy to lead people astray.

Secondly, the Ming Tombs are located near the capital. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty to Beiyang and the current government, the government has increased the protection of cultural relics.

Furthermore, the Ming Tombs are located in a small basin area, and the surrounding mountains act as a barrier.

It is said that when Sun Dianying arrived at the Ming Tombs, he did not dare to touch the tomb. You must know that Sun Dianying was the person who robbed the tomb of Emperor Qianlong and the Dingdong Tomb of Empress Dowager Cixi as a bandit suppressor, and more than just tomb robbery. , he even threw Cixi's corpse in the wilderness. How could such a man who did all evil things have a mausoleum that could stop him? Is there really anything in the Ming Tombs that scares him?

The only dynasty in history that could surpass the rule of the Tang and Song Dynasties was the Ming Dynasty. Not only did its economy touch the world, its cultural and artistic achievements could also be said to be a dynasty that shook the entire world. Such a powerful dynasty attracted the respect of the whole country. At that time, the Ming Dynasty was the representative of orthodoxy in the minds of the Han people. Sun Wen's slogan included "Expelling the Tartars and restoring China." And Sun Dianying also knew clearly in his heart: if he robbed Emperor Ming's tomb, he would face one thing - death! After all, robbing a tomb is a crime of losing one's head. If he offends Ming's mausoleum again, he will really risk the disapproval of the world. Not to mention how much disaster it would bring to him, even his soldiers would rebel collectively. So when he arrived at the location of the Ming Tombs, he didn't dare to go any further. He just shook his head silently and said eight words: revenge and destruction of Feng Shui. It means that the people who robbed Cixi's tomb were just for revenge. If they dig deeper, it will only ruin the feng shui.