How to prevent heatstroke when it is hot in summer?
1. preventive measures
1. don't wait for thirst to drink water
don't wait for thirst to drink water, because thirst has indicated that your body is short of water. Ideally, drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water every day according to the temperature. When sweating more, you can add some salt water appropriately to make up for the salt lost by sweating. In addition, the human body is prone to lack of potassium in summer, which makes people feel tired and tired. Potassium-containing tea is an excellent summer drink.
Seasonal vegetables in summer, such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato, have higher water content. Fresh fruits, such as peaches, apricots, watermelons and melons, have a water content of 8 to 9%, which can be used to replenish water. In addition, dairy products can not only replenish water, but also meet the nutritional needs of the body.
get enough sleep
in summer, the days are long and the nights are short, and the temperature is high, so the human body has a strong metabolism and consumes a lot, which makes it easy to feel tired. Adequate sleep can relax the brain and body systems, which is not only beneficial to work and study, but also a measure to prevent heatstroke. The best time to go to bed is 22: to 23: , and the best time to get up is 5: 3 to 6: 3. Be careful not to lie under the air outlet of the air conditioner and the electric fan when sleeping, so as not to suffer from air conditioning disease and cold.
Travel to avoid the scorching sun
Remember to prepare sun protection equipment when you go out in summer, and it is best not to walk in the scorching sun from 1: to 16: , because the sunshine is the strongest at this time, and the possibility of heatstroke is 1 times higher than usual! If you have to go out at this time, you must do a good job of protection, such as playing umbrellas, wearing sun hats and sunglasses, and it is best to apply sunscreen if possible; Prepare plenty of water and drinks. In addition, in the hot summer, heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, such as Shidishui, Rendan, Fengyoujing, etc., must be kept at hand to prevent emergency use. When going out, try to choose cotton, linen and silk fabrics, and wear less chemical fiber clothing to avoid heat dissipation in time when sweating heavily, causing heatstroke.
Second, several kinds of cooling drinks
(1) Hot tea is a good drink in summer. What kind of drink is good for summer heat? Chinese medicine believes that only hot tea belongs to it.
Modern medical research shows that caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and aromatic substances dissolved in hot tea can excite brain nerves, which is beneficial to the regulation of body temperature center, and can strengthen the heart and promote diuresis, promote blood circulation, increase renal blood flow, accelerate metabolism, and make excess heat in the body excreted with urine. Drinking hot tea can promote blood flow to the body surface, open sweat pores, relax sweat glands, promote sweat discharge and emit heat. Some people have determined that drinking hot tea for 9 minutes can reduce the skin temperature by 1℃-2℃, and the cooling can be maintained for more than 15 minutes. Old people are thirsty because of lack of body fluid. Tea polyphenols, sugars, amino acids and various aromatic substances contained in tea can stimulate oral mucosa, promote saliva secretion and play a role in promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. People suffering from obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other chronic diseases are prone to heatstroke in hot summer. Tea polyphenols, vitamin C, ester polysaccharides and other components in tea have the functions of protecting cardiovascular health, lowering cholesterol and blood lipids, protecting hematopoietic function, increasing white blood cells and enhancing disease resistance. Therefore, drinking tea is very beneficial to strengthening the body and preventing heatstroke.
However, tea drinking should be scientific, not excessive, and the tea should be light and moderate, so enjoy it slowly.
(2) Soybean milk can relieve summer heat and reduce fire
In summer, people sweat a lot and consume a lot of energy, so people generally lose weight in different degrees. On the one hand, it is necessary to relieve summer heat, on the other hand, it is also very important to supplement nutrition. However, nutrients are lost too quickly in summer and are not easy to absorb; Moreover, tonic is easy to get angry, so summer tonic should be based on balanced nutrition, cooling down and removing fire, and it is not advisable to eat dry supplements. Do you know that a small cup of soybean milk can not only achieve the purpose of tonic, but also have the effect of relieving summer heat?
Chinese medicine believes that soybean milk is flat and sweet, which has the effects of promoting fluid production and moistening dryness, "purging stomach fire and treating internal heat" and "benefiting underwater qi and controlling wind heat". As we all know, mung beans have the effect of reducing summer heat. The "two-bean drink for relieving summer heat" made of soybeans and mung beans has the effect of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, moistening throat and quenching thirst. At the same time, it is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Regular drinking can balance human nutrition and adjust endocrine, which is helpful for lowering cholesterol, relieving arteriosclerosis, hypertension and protecting liver.
(3) hawthorn soup. 1 grams of hawthorn slices and 5 grams of sour plums are boiled with 3.5 kilograms of water, and then 1 grams of white chrysanthemums are boiled, then taken out, and then a proper amount of sugar is added, and cooled for drinking.
(4) iced watermelon dew. Peel the watermelon, remove the seeds, dice the pulp, and pour the juice into the basin to be chilled. Then boil it with appropriate amount of rock sugar and white sugar in water, skim off the floating foam and put it in the refrigerator for refrigeration. When eating, pour diced watermelon into iced sugar water. 3. Mung bean sour plum soup. 15 grams of mung beans and 1 grams of sour plums are boiled in water, added with appropriate amount of sugar, and cooled for drinking.
(5) honeysuckle (or chrysanthemum) soup. 3 grams of honeysuckle (or chrysanthemum), add appropriate amount of sugar, brew in boiling water, and drink after cooling.
(6). Watermelon Cuiyi Decoction. After washing the watermelon, cut off the thin green skin, add water and boil for 3 minutes, remove the residue and add appropriate amount of sugar, and drink after cooling.
(7) coconut milk tremella soup. 3g of tremella fuciformis is washed and boiled with warm water, the hard skin is removed, and it is mixed with 125g of coconut juice, crystal sugar and water.
Third, people prone to heatstroke
Compared with ordinary people, some people with poor physical fitness or other diseases are more prone to heatstroke:
1. The elderly are prone to heatstroke due to atrophy of sweat glands and decline of circulatory system function.
2. Pregnant and lying-in women are weak because of heavy physical exertion during pregnancy or postpartum. If they stay indoors with poor ventilation and high temperature, they are prone to heatstroke.
3. The infant's various systems are not well developed, with poor thermoregulation function and more subcutaneous fat, which is unfavorable for heat dissipation.
4. Hot weather will excite the sympathetic nerves of patients with cardiovascular diseases and increase the cardiovascular load. Especially for those with heart failure, the heat in their bodies can't be distributed in time and accumulated, so they are prone to heatstroke.
5. The body of diabetic patients is slow to respond to the temperature changes in the internal and external environment. Although the heat has been accumulated in the body, the patient's conscious symptoms appear late, which is easy to cause heatstroke.
6. Patients suffering from some infectious diseases, because bacterial or viral infections can make the human body produce endogenous pyrogens and accelerate the body's heat production. Inflammation can also make the body release some substances, making blood vessels spasm and contract, which is not conducive to heat dissipation and easy to suffer from heatstroke.
7. Malnourished people's blood pressure drops due to lack of nutrients, which reflexively causes vasoconstriction. They are also prone to recurrent diarrhea, leading to dehydration and electrolyte disorder and heatstroke.
8. People who take antihistamines, anticholinergic drugs, sleeping pills, etc. will also have vasoconstriction, which will cause disorders in the thermoregulatory center and make them prone to heatstroke.
9. Most people who suffer from heatstroke in summer are migrant workers. The main factors causing heatstroke are high labor intensity, long working hours, bad living environment, stuffy and unventilated rooms and poor nutrition.
Therefore, once symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, fever, convulsion, convulsion, anhidrosis and dyspnea appear, you should immediately rest in a cool and ventilated place or wet compress with cold water and ice water, and then go to the hospital immediately. If the treatment is not timely, it will easily lead to complications and even death.
Fourth, heatstroke prevention measures for special people
Infants, pregnant women, the elderly and the weak will suffer from heatstroke if they are not careful in a high temperature environment, and failure to rescue them in time may lead to tragedy. Therefore, in hot weather, these special people should take the following heatstroke prevention measures:
1. Infants and young children should wear thin cotton light clothes, and dry them immediately if sweating, and try not to use electric fans or air conditioners. Before going out to play in the water, you should choose a sunscreen lotion that does not contain essence and has a sun protection factor of less than 15. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should not be too large, and the room temperature should not be lower than 25℃. It is best to put a basin of water in the air-conditioned room to avoid drying.
2. Pregnant women: The clothes should be cool and spacious, and eat more fresh vegetables and fresh bean products; Always scrub with warm water, not bath; Don't catch a cold because you are too greedy, and make sure you sleep.
3. The old and the weak: ensure no less than 7 hours of sleep every day, adjust the diet to protect the spleen and stomach, don't eat more spicy food, and always eat light food; Because it is hot and sweaty, it is very important to replenish water, and at least 25 ml of water should be added every day.