How did the typhoon get its name?
A typhoon is a strongly developing hot cyclone that forms on the vast tropical ocean. From the perspective of its origin, typhoons and hurricanes have the same origin, but what is the origin of the name typhoon? The following is the editor’s summary of how the typhoon was named and how the typhoon code came about. I hope you like it.
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★How the typhoon was named★
★What is the typhoon like? Formed★
★The name of the world’s largest typhoon★
★What are the names of typhoons★
★Common knowledge about typhoon prevention★
How are typhoons named?
Generally, typhoons are numbered after they are generated, but the names of typhoons are there from the beginning, so sometimes typhoons have names but have not yet reached the numbering standard. Typhoon numbers are based on the division of labor principles established by the World Meteorological Organization, and are based on the unified numbering of tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific Ocean by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
The naming of typhoons consists of two parts: number and name.
The number of a typhoon is also the number of a tropical cyclone. The reason why people number tropical cyclones is, on the one hand, because a tropical cyclone often lasts for more than a week, and several tropical cyclones may appear in the ocean at the same time. With the serial number, there will be no confusion; on the other hand, because of the The naming, definition, classification methods and determination of the center position are different in different countries and different methods. Even in the same country, they are not exactly the same between different meteorological stations. Therefore, various misunderstandings are often caused, resulting in Confusion in use.
Since 1959, my country has begun to monitor tropical cyclones with near-center maximum winds greater than or equal to Category 8 (17.2 meters/second) that occur or enter the Pacific and South China Sea north of the equator and west of the 180-degree meridian every year. (Intensity of tropical storms and above) are numbered in the order of their appearance. For offshore tropical cyclones, when the cloud structure and circulation are clear, they will also be numbered as long as the maximum average wind near the center is reported to be level 7 or above. The number consists of four digits, the first two digits indicate the year, and the last two digits are the serial numbers of tropical cyclones above storm level that year. For example, the No. 13 typhoon "Dujuan" in 2003 was numbered 0313, indicating that it was the 13th tropical cyclone above storm level that occurred in 2003. Tropical depressions and tropical disturbances are not numbered.
What’s the point of naming typhoons?
The formal naming of typhoons began in the early 20th century. From November 25 to December 1, 1997, the 30th meeting of the United Nations APEC/World Meteorological Organization Typhoon Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Typhoon Committee) held in Hong Kong decided that tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea should adopt Asian-style Named after, and decided to use the new naming method from January 1, 2000. The reason for using Asian-style names is also to consider the need for disaster prevention and reduction, so as to facilitate people's memory.
Typhoons are sudden meteorological disasters. With so many typhoons, if you wait until they arrive before naming them, it will obviously be too late. What should you do? The World Meteorological Organization asks Asian countries to formulate a name in advance. Name the table and then reuse it in a sequential loop.
The naming list*** has 140 names, which are provided by Cambodia, China, North Korea, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam, member countries of the Asia-Pacific region of the World Meteorological Organization. Each country or area provides 10 names. These 140 names are divided into 10 groups, each group has 14 names. Arrange them in alphabetical order according to the English name of each member country, and use them in a circular order.
There are also rules for naming typhoons. Specifically, each name should not exceed 9 letters; be easy to pronounce; have no bad meaning in the language of each member; will not cause any difficulty to each member; is not the name of a commercial organization; and the name chosen should be well received by all members. If any member objects, the name cannot be used as a typhoon name.
According to regulations, a tropical cyclone keeps its name throughout its life, whether it strengthens or weakens. Browsing through the typhoon naming list, people’s names are rarely used. Most of them use the names of animals, plants, food, etc. Some names are certain adjectives or beautiful legends, such as Jade Rabbit, Wukong, etc. The name "Dujuan" was provided by China.
It is the rhododendron we are familiar with; "Korowang" is provided by Cambodia and is the name of a tree: "Morak" is provided by Thailand, which means emerald; "Ibudu" is the name provided by the Philippines, which means emerald. A chimney or pipe that carries rainwater from a roof to a gutter.
For names provided by foreign countries, in order to avoid confusion caused by multiple translators, my country’s Central Meteorological Observatory, Hong Kong Observatory and Macao Geophysical and Meteorological Observatory have determined a unified set of Chinese translations through consultation. However, Taiwan The provincial meteorological department sometimes translates typhoon names a little differently from ours, so you need to pay attention to this.
Why do some typhoons need to be delisted
Under normal circumstances, the naming table established in advance is recycled year after year in order, but in special circumstances, the naming table will also be used Some adjustments are made, such as when a typhoon causes particularly serious disasters or casualties and becomes notorious and becomes a well-known typhoon to the public. In order to prevent it from having the same name as other typhoons, the name was deleted from the current naming list and replaced with a new name.
In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan, the 30th typhoon of 2013 named by my country, landed in the Philippines, causing heavy casualties there. For this reason, the Typhoon Committee decided to remove Haiyan from the list in accordance with relevant regulations and asked my country to provide a new name to fill the vacancy. To this end, the China Meteorological Administration launched the "I Name the Typhoon" campaign for the public.
The public nominated or voted for typhoons through various channels. At the same time, according to some requirements of the World Meteorological Organization for naming typhoons, experts finally selected "White Deer", "Cuckoo" and "Bamboo" as candidates The name was submitted to the Typhoon Committee for review, and the Typhoon Committee finally decided to let "White Deer" succeed "Haiyan" as the new typhoon name.
Typhoons that affect our country mainly come from the Western Pacific and the South China Sea. The actual naming work is left to the Japan Meteorological Agency (Tokyo Regional Professional Meteorological Center) in the area. Whenever the Japan Meteorological Agency determines a tropical cyclone in the northwest Pacific or the South China Sea to have tropical storm intensity, it is given a name based on the list and a four-digit number. The first two digits in the number are the year, and the last two digits are the order in which tropical storms were generated in that year. For example, Typhoon No. 14 in 2016, 1614, is the typhoon number, and "Meranti" is the name of the typhoon.
Sometimes, when our country monitors that a tropical cyclone that may affect our country has reached typhoon level, but the Japan Meteorological Agency has not yet named it, our country will number it first and then explain that the name is temporarily missing, so it is said , don’t be surprised to see unnamed typhoons sometimes. Most of them will be named by the Japan Meteorological Agency within a few hours. This is also a slightly embarrassing thing, but the atmosphere knows no borders, and it is understandable to adopt this method for the sake of unification.
The name and number of tropical depression
When a tropical cyclone develops to the tropical depression stage, it can be numbered by the meteorological agency (such as 01W), but it will not be named. Only when it continues to intensify and develops into tropical storm intensity will it be named by the meteorological agency.
Tropical low pressure is composed of many upward-developing and strong convective clouds. It is the so-called "tropical disturbance" formed by clouds developing in unstable air zones over the tropical ocean.
The temperature on the tropical ocean is high and the sunlight is strong. The sunlight shines on the ocean, and the seawater evaporates vigorously. A large amount of evaporated water vapor enters the air, making the air over the tropical ocean both hot and humid. There are often white flowers like flowers. The formation of cauliflower-like convective clouds, which can develop into very large cumulonimbus clouds with showers falling, are the many white clouds often seen over tropical oceans on weather satellite cloud images, called "tropical disturbances." If the tropical disturbance can continue to develop, the scope of clouds and rain expands, the air pressure value decreases, the wind strengthens, and closed isobars can be drawn, it has intensified into a tropical depression.
At this time, the cloud area can be seen on the satellite cloud map as it expands, while the air pressure decreases and the wind strengthens. When the wind strength increases to level 8, it becomes a mild typhoon (tropical storm). In terms of wind level, it must reach level 8 or above to be considered a typhoon. Winds must reach 15 meters per second or above, that is, level 7 winds, which is the storm range of a typhoon. Therefore, there must be strong winds in the typhoon, plus It consists of huge cumulonimbus clouds that can produce heavy rains. Therefore, in addition to strong winds and heavy rains within the typhoon range, it will cause disasters.
A tropical cyclone in its early stages of development, or a strong tropical cyclone that weakens after landing, is a tropical depression.