When did the weather forecast start? As mentioned, thank you

From 1853 to 1856, the Crimean War broke out between Tsarist Russia and Britain and France to compete for the Balkan Peninsula. As a result, Tsarist Russia was defeated. It was this war that led to the emergence of weather forecasting. This was a huge naval battle. On November 14, 1854, when the two sides were engaged in a fierce battle in the Black Sea of ​​Europe, a storm suddenly came. The maximum wind speed exceeded 30 meters per second. Overturned. Afterwards, the British and French forces were still frightened, and the French Operations Department asked Leverier, director of the Paris Observatory in France, to carefully study the ins and outs of the storm. There were no telephones at that time, so Lefrière could only write letters to astronomical and meteorological workers in various countries to collect local weather information from them during the five days from November 12 to 16, 1854. He received 250 replies in one ***. Based on this information and careful analysis, reasoning and judgment, Lefrier found out that the Black Sea storm came from the vast Atlantic Ocean and swept across Europe from west to east. Two days before the accident, that is, November 12 and 13, Spain and Spain in western Europe France has been successively affected by it. Lefrière looked at the erratic clouds in the sky and fell into deep thought: "This storm seems sudden on the surface, but in fact it has a process of development and movement. The telegraph has been invented. If there were any equipment along the Atlantic coast of Europe at that time, If a weather station can telegraph the storm situation in time to the British and French fleets, wouldn't it be possible to avoid heavy losses?" So, on March 19, 1855, Lefrière made a report at the French Academy of Sciences and said that if a network of weather stations is organized, telegraphs can be used. By quickly gathering the observation data into one place and analyzing it and drawing it into a weather map, it is possible to deduce the path of future storms. Lefrière's unique vision aroused strong repercussions in France and around the world. People deeply realize that accurate weather prediction is not only beneficial to marching operations, but also has great benefits to industrial and agricultural production and daily life. Due to the needs of various aspects of society and with the active promotion of Leverier, France established the world's first formal weather forecast service system in 1856. The history of the birth of weather forecasting shows that meteorological conditions can affect the victory or defeat of local wars or battles, and the needs of wars have promoted and developed the meteorological industry. So, what is a weather forecast? Weather forecasting is the application of the laws of atmospheric changes to predict weather conditions within a certain period of time in the future based on current and recent weather conditions. It is based on the analysis of satellite cloud images and weather maps, combined with comprehensive research on relevant meteorological data, terrain and seasonal characteristics, and mass experience. For example, the satellite cloud images of my country's Central Meteorological Observatory were taken by the "Fengyun-1" meteorological satellite manufactured in my country. Using satellite cloud images and photos for analysis can improve the accuracy of weather forecasts. Weather forecasts are usually divided into three types based on the length of time: short-term weather forecast (2 to 3 days), medium-term weather forecast (4 to 9 days), and long-term weather forecast (more than 10 to 15 days). CCTV broadcasts mainly short-term weather forecasts every day. The main content of the weather forecast is the cloudiness, rain, snow, maximum and minimum temperatures, wind direction and wind force, and special disastrous weather in a region or city in the future. As far as our country is concerned, meteorological observatories can accurately predict the location and intensity of natural disasters such as cold waves, typhoons, and heavy rains, which can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. With the development of productivity and the advancement of science and technology, the scope of human activities has expanded unprecedentedly, and its impact on nature has become greater and greater. Therefore, weather forecast has become indispensable and important information in modern society. Before the 16th century, people could only judge weather or climate changes based on the celestial phenomena observed with the naked eye. With the accumulation of scientific experience in observing the sky and measuring clouds, some prophetic cloud and sky phenomena were compiled into proverbs and spread, such as "Morning glow" "If you don't go out, the sunset will travel a thousand miles", "The sun will shine in the east and the rain will shine in the west", etc. Today, these proverbs are still widely circulated in rural areas of our country. In the mid-17th century, Italian Torricelli invented the barometer, and meteorological observation entered the stage of applied instruments. With the establishment of weather stations and the development of meteorological theory, a single station emerged to predict future weather based on the evolution of local meteorological data. Forecasting methods. More than 100 years ago, with the advent of telegraphs and sounding balloons, weather reports from the ground and high altitudes could be transmitted and concentrated quickly, and weather maps appeared in Europe. In the second half of the 19th century, some scientists from Britain, France and other countries began to analyze weather maps to make weather forecasts. In 1857, the Dutchman Beloit discovered the law of wind pressure; from 1917 to 1928, the Norwegians Pieknis and his son and the Swedish Bergeron established the theory of air masses and fronts; from 1937 to 1939, the American Swede Ross Bayi founded the long-wave theory of the atmosphere, which made weather map forecasting methods more mature. Now, the increasing maturity of computer and aerospace application technology has brought the technological level of weather forecasting to a higher level.

Reference material: /7692/2006/04/21/2220@3132788.htm

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