In the history of our country, how did the founding emperor choose the capital or move it?
I. Geographical conditions
Generally speaking, the country's choice is to be surrounded by mountains and rivers, with rich living materials and fertile land. With natural disasters, it is easier to defend than to attack. For example, Xi 'an has Tongguan in the north, Qinling in the south and eight rivers around it. Luoyang, located in the Central Plains, is surrounded by the Yellow River and the Qinling Mountains in the west. There are nearly 100 famous mountains near Beijing, large and small, which are steep and belong to the hinterland of sixteen States, and so on.
2. Convenient transportation and political prosperity
Since ancient times, the capitals of China's dynasties have basically been in the north. Especially during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and Song Dynasties, the north was occupied by ethnic minorities one after another. From then on, we knew how important the North was. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang realized the unification of the north and the south. So the choice of the capital should be a place with convenient transportation and a political center. Since ancient times, most political centers have been in the north, such as Chang 'an and Luoyang, especially modern Beijing, which was the capital and political center of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Three. Developed economies
Since the Three Kingdoms period, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, the economic center has been in the south, while the north is mainly a political and military center. Nanjing, for example, was the center of the early Ming Dynasty, and the capital of the Republic of China was also in Nanjing. However, when the People's Republic of China was founded, Beijing was chosen because the northeast is a heavy industry base, the north is a heavy industry center, and modern developed countries are industrialized countries, so it is imperative to develop industrialization. Therefore, the center of heavy industry and industrialization is the first choice as the capital.
Four. Military needs
Resisting foreign invasion, in ancient times, if the boundary of the capital was too far away, it was not conducive to resisting and attacking foreign enemies; If it is too close, the capital will be easily invaded by foreign enemies. For multi-ethnic countries, the capital is too far from the border, which is not conducive to the control of border minority areas; However, going too close will easily lead to resistance in minority areas and internal instability in the country.
For example, one of the reasons why Zhu Di moved to Beijing was for diplomacy, to prevent the invasion and attack of Tatars in the north and to strengthen the control of Nuzhen in the northeast. Another example is Pingcheng, the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty, because Pingcheng is close to the northern border, and the command of the court is very convenient, which is conducive to preventing soft people from harassing the border.