What are the five major decisions of geography?
"Five Techniques of Geography" (Dragon, Cave, Sand, Water and Direction)
1 dragon
"Who is the dragon? Yamaya. Why are the mountains so long? Because the dragon demon is charming and lively, ... so are the mountains, ... "(Zhouyi Yin Yang Jia). Dragon refers to a winding mountain, usually a mountain with flowing veins. On the plains, where there are no mountains, there are also "dragons". At this time, the "dragon" has turned to the underground, which refers to the underground rock and soil layer, and the underground rock and soil layer also has a trend. "There are dragons in the mountains, but they are distorted. Pingdilong originated from high vein and rose from star peak to low point. The high mountains recognize the stars and peaks, and the two sides of the flat land look for water potential. The place where the two water clips are real dragons, and the branches and leaves are around. " (Shake the Dragon Sutra). From the geological structure, water flows downwards, and so does the trend of rock strata. There is also a saying of "context" in our idioms. It can be seen that "Dragon" has a trend, and "Qi" is attached to "Dragon", and the trend is consistent with "Long Mai". "Dragon" is also divided into good and bad luck. Geelong is a light, fat, round, sharp, beautiful, powerful and majestic mountain range. This kind of dragon is called "real dragon" and can meet anger. Raptors are mountains with broken, bloated, weak, sparse branches and leaves and no trees. Such dragons are called "old dragons" and "dead dragons", and the gas they suffer is also bad and fierce. What we usually call "green mountains and green waters" and "green" refer to the greening of mountains. There are many trees on the mountain, which are called "green hills". Trees can play a role in soil and water conservation. If there are no trees on the mountain, it will cause soil erosion, and "green mountains and green waters" will become "wasteland". Gullies, landslides, collapses and other phenomena that are not conducive to mountain construction have caused serious economic losses and even threatened people's lives. Feng Shui believes that "dragon" cannot be broken, and "dragon" breaks "qi". From the perspective of modern science, the "Dragon" fault actually refers to the unfavorable geological conditions such as earthquake fault zone and ground fissure, which is not suitable for building. Furthermore, the firmness of underground rock and soil layer is directly related to the bearing capacity of foundation. It can be seen that the so-called "dragon" refers to the engineering geological conditions mentioned in our construction, and the study of "dragon" in Feng Shui is actually a part of geological science in modern science.
2 "Point" and "Tang Ming"
"Cave" is the gathering point of "Qi" and "Dragon", and "Tang Ming" is the place where we choose to live, live and work. "Ancient geographers named it" Tang Ming "after the place name in front of the cave (Yin and Yang Family of Zhouyi). Refers to the flat land near the water in front of the "hole". "Cave dwelling" often becomes an important place in the city, which is conducive to the accumulation of "gas". The relationship between "point" and "hall" is the relationship between "point" and "face" "Acupoints" play the role of "control points" and are the premise of Tang Ming. The positioning of "Tang Ming" is also in line with the "marginal effect" proposed by western scholars. As the saying goes, "relying on mountains to eat mountains, relying on water to draft." "It shows that mountains and water can provide necessary means of life and production for human beings. Close to water, there is a guarantee of life; Near the mountain, it provides all kinds of food for human beings. You can't be too far from the mountains or the water, which is also the embodiment of the "golden mean" advocated by Confucianism. Lujiazui in Pudong, Shanghai is a good example. Huangpu River flows from southwest to northeast, becoming a "jade belt with water" mode in traditional geomantic omen. Later, many high-rise buildings were built around a central green space, which can be regarded as the location of "Tang Ming", thus forming a typical "gas gathering" mode. From the perspective of urban management, it improves the environment of the community, thus increasing the economic value of the surrounding land. The choice of "cave dwelling" and "Tang Ming" is actually the site selection science in our modern urban construction, which needs to be comprehensively considered from many factors such as humanity and nature.
3 sand
"The sand is in front of and behind the cave and around the mountain." "Sand" is one of the important factors that constitute the cave environment. Geomantic omen named the sand mountain around the cave site with four kinds of beasts representing four directions in China traditional culture: Qiannan Suzaku, Houbei Xuanwu, Zuodong Qinglong and Youxi Baihu, and made a logical analysis and judgment on the formation environment of the sand mountain with the theory of five elements. The principle of geomantic omen is to make good use of topographical buildings as much as possible and transform some bad topographical and environmental conditions accordingly. The consideration of topography here involves sunshine, climate, soil, wind direction and other elements, which is consistent with the basic requirements of ecological architecture advocated by modern science.
"Quli" notes clouds: Suzaku, Xuanwu, Qinglong, White Tiger. Figure 2 The image of Feng Shui and Sand Mountain of Huangdi Mausoleum is also named from all directions. But geographically, the front mountain is Suzaku, the back mountain is Xuanwu, the left mountain is Qinglong, and the right mountain is white tiger. Staying in the square is also an excuse, not to say that the shape of the mountain is like your own things. "As can be seen from the figure 1, a typical geomantic model should have left and right mountains in addition to the back mountain (town mountain), so as to put the whole cave field in a pocket, prevent the wind from damaging the gas field, achieve better gas gathering effect and make people feel psychologically safe; At the same time, it can also provide some material information for human survival. (Figure 2 shows the image of Fengshui Sand Mountain in Huangdi Mausoleum. The "four beasts" in the picture are only from the aspect of morphology, not from the perspective of orientation. )
4 water
"Water, the blood of the dragon. The gas outside the cave, the dragon is not sent by water and cannot be solved; The point is not the water boundary, and there is no way to stop it. " According to geomantic omen, qi also goes with water, and where there is water, there must be qi. In real life, people's dependence on water also exceeds their dependence on mountains. "The method of geomantic omen is to get water first and then hide the wind." (Burial Book) Therefore, there is still a saying in some areas of the people that "a yin house (grave) is more important than a mountain, and a yang house (house) is more important than water". The direction of water is the direction of qi. And "qi" and water are in the same direction. "Qi" runs through water, and the flow of water drives the flow of "Qi". And the "Qi" gathered by different water has different properties. The water is clear and tastes sweet. The water is turbid and black, and its bitter taste is fierce. The water quality is different, that is, when the contents of various trace elements in water are different, the properties of water are also different. The physical fitness of local residents in areas with good water quality is better than that in other places, and people suffering from endemic diseases in some areas are also related to water quality.
Water also has the function of transportation. Regardless of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, inland coastal areas and cities with good water conservancy and transportation conditions, the economy is relatively developed. In cities, roads are also regarded as water by Mr. Feng Shui. Cities with convenient transportation have more developed economies than ordinary areas. Historically, the development of every city is related to the degree of traffic development. As mentioned above, mountains can provide people with the necessary means of survival, which just reflects what the folks say: "Mountains manage people and wealth."
Water has both advantages and disadvantages. Try to choose the convex bank of the river instead of the concave bank of the river, so as to avoid flooding, which has been mentioned in many other documents, so I won't say much here.
5-way
Direction refers to orientation, and orientation is a vector. The orientation of the same object varies with different reference objects, so it cannot be simply said that the orientation of an object is "XX". When geomancers use compasses to locate sites or distribute gold to buildings, they use the compasses in their hands to establish a relative coordinate system, so as to make some logical and applicable analysis and evaluation on the cave field. See if the surrounding environment can meet the requirements of "gathering qi", that is, whether the whole acupoint field can meet the various needs of human survival.
For a single building, sunshine and ventilation must be satisfied, which is "auspicious" and vice versa. We know that the best direction is not due to the north-south direction, but slightly deviated by the influence of the earth's magnetic field. In China, the weather in the south is hot and the sunshine conditions are easy to meet. Because of the high humidity, ventilation plays an important role in the consideration of orientation, so it is auspicious to avoid too much sunshine, so it is south-east 15; However, due to the cold in the north, sunshine plays a major role in the consideration of orientation, so it is good to strive for the "hot axis" direction (that is, from south to west 15) to obtain heat. Furthermore, China is located in the northern hemisphere, and "negative yin holding yang" means "facing south and facing north", and the same "negative yin holding yang" becomes "facing north and facing south" in the southern hemisphere.
It can be seen that the choice of good or bad luck is also based on the fundamental survival needs of human beings, and its essence is the choice of astronomy and geomagnetism, so the feng shui pattern in different regions is different and cannot be fixed.