Spring Festival customs in various places
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The customs of Spring Festival in various parts of China are:
Sweeping dust. "On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, dust sweeps the house", according to "Lv Chunqiu", China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying, sweeping the dust in the Spring Festival has the meaning of "except Chen Buxin", and its intention is to sweep away all poor luck and bad luck. This custom is entrusted with people's desire to break through the old and establish the new and their prayer to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.
paste Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are also called door-to-door couplets, spring stickers, couplets, couplets, peach symbols, etc. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. This custom originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been improved.
stick grilles and the word "Fu" are upside down. In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been deeply loved by people for thousands of years. With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes to the fullest. Sticking the word "Fu" in the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" refers to good fortune and good fortune, which places people's longing for a happy life and wishes for a bright future. Some people simply paste the word "fu" upside down, indicating that "happiness has arrived" and "blessing has arrived".
new year pictures. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year. There are three important producing areas of New Year pictures in China: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng Mantuo of Shanghai combined the calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This new year's picture, which combines two into one, later developed into a calendar and has been popular all over the country.
new year's eve. The night on the last day of the lunar year is called "Year's Eve" and that night is called "New Year's Eve". People often stay up all night on New Year's Eve, which is called Shounian. Su Shi has "Shousui": "Children are forced not to sleep, and they are happy at night." There is a legend about the origin of New Year's Eve, the purpose of which is to drive away the ferocious monster named Xi. That night, "Xi" broke into the village, scared to run back to the mountains and never dared to come out again. So on New Year's Eve, every family posted red couplets and set off firecrackers to drive away the animals on New Year's Eve. In order to have peace in the new year, this custom has been handed down from now on.
keep the age. Keeping old age on New Year's Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping old age has a long history. The earliest record was found in the "Local Records" in the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties gave gifts, which was called "giving the year back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "don't be old"; It is called "dividing the age" when the young and the old gather to drink and wish a complete song; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for the morning, which is called "keeping the old age". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, waiting for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, symbolizing driving away all evil diseases and looking forward to good luck in the new year. In ancient times, there were two meanings of observing the old age: the old people's observing the old age means "resigning the old age", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han dynasty, the time when the old and the new years alternate is generally at midnight.
firecrackers. There is a folk saying in China that "opening the door to firecrackers". That is, at the arrival of the new year, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to eliminate the old and welcome the new with the sound of firecrackers. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people.
eat rice cakes and wrap jiaozi. Steamed rice cakes, because of their homophonic "high age" and varied tastes, have almost become a must-have food for every family. The styles of rice cakes are square yellow and white rice cakes, which symbolize gold and silver and express the meaning of making a fortune in the New Year. The night before the real Chinese New Year is called reunion night. Wanderers who are away from home have to travel thousands of miles to come home from Wan Li, and the whole family has to sit around and pack jiaozi for the New Year. Use jiaozi to symbolize reunion of Albizia Albizia; It is very auspicious to take the meaning of making friends at an older age; In addition, jiaozi, shaped like an ingot, eats jiaozi during the Chinese New Year, which also has the auspicious meaning of "making a fortune".
open the door. On the morning of the Spring Festival, when the door is opened, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "opening the door for firecrackers". After the sound of firecrackers, the ground is full of broken red, which is called "full house red" At this time, the streets are full of anger and joy.
happy new year. An important activity in the Spring Festival is to congratulate the new year at the homes and neighbors of new friends and friends, formerly known as New Year greetings. The wind of the Han people's New Year greetings has existed in the Han Dynasty. It was very popular after the Tang and Song Dynasties, and some people who don't have to go in person can use famous cards to congratulate them. It was called "thorn" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the business card was also called "famous thorn". After the Ming Dynasty, many people posted a red paper bag at the door to collect famous cards, called "door book". When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders, wishing them a long and healthy life. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that the lucky money can suppress evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend one year safely with the lucky money.
According to their social relations, the forms of people visiting each other to pay New Year greetings can be roughly divided into four categories: First, visiting relatives. The second is a courtesy visit. The third is a thank-you visit. The fourth is a series of visits. Now, some organizations, groups, enterprises and schools get together to congratulate each other, which is called "group worship". With the development of the times, the custom of New Year's greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, in addition to following the previous New Year's greetings, etiquette telegrams and telephone New Year's greetings have sprung up. If you fail to follow the routine ceremony for some reason and make up for it in the future, it is called "worshipping your old age."
aged. In the old days, the people took this year as a result of the sunny weather in the first few days of Xinzheng. Its theory began in Dong Fangshuo's "Year of the Year", which means that eight days after the year, one day is chicken day, two days is dog, three days is pig, four days is sheep, five days is cow, six days is horse, seven days is great man and eight days is valley. If the day is sunny, the things that belong to it will breed, and if it is cloudy, the day that belongs to it will not last. Later generations follow their habits and think that the weather is clear, there is no wind or snow for good luck from the first day to the tenth day. Future generations have developed from occupying the age to a series of sacrifices and celebrations. There is a custom of not killing chickens on the first day, dogs on the second day, pigs on the third day ... and no execution on the seventh day.
amass wealth. It is said that the first day of the first month is the broom birthday, so you can't use the broom on this day, otherwise it will sweep away luck and ruin money, and attract the "broom star" and cause bad luck. If you have to sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. On this day, you can't throw water on the garbage, for fear of breaking the money. There is still a custom in many places today.
sacrifice to the god of wealth. Southerners offer sacrifices to the god of wealth on the fifth day of the first month. According to folklore, the god of wealth is the five gods. The so-called five roads refer to the east, west, north and south, which means that you can get money if you go out five roads. In Qing Dynasty, Gu Lu's "Qing Jia Lu" said: "The fifth day of the first month is the birthday of Lu Tou Shen. Golden gongs and firecrackers, which are sacrificed to the past, are eager to make a profit, and they must get up early to meet them, which is called the end of the road. " He also said: "The road ahead today is a walking god in the five sacrifices. The so-called five roads are the east, west, north and south middle ears. " On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, it was the birthday of the God of Wealth. In order to compete for the market, it took place before the fourth lunar month, and it was called "grabbing the road", also known as "taking the God of Wealth".
send the poor. On the fifth day of the first month, "seeing the poor off" is a very distinctive custom in ancient China. On this day, families made women out of paper, called "Sweeping Maiden", "Five Poor Women" and "Five Poor Mothers". They carried paper bags on their backs, swept the dirty soil inside the bags, and sent them to the door to burn them. This custom is also called "sending poor soil" and "sending poor daughter-in-law out". In Hancheng, Shaanxi province, people should avoid going out on the fifth day, and they should put fresh meat in a pot to roast, and stir-fry the beans to make them crack and make a sound. They think that this can break the poor and get wealth. In addition, in the old New Year's Eve or the fifth day of the first month, you should eat very full, commonly known as "filling the poor pit". The popular custom of sending the poor reflects the traditional psychology of our people who generally hope to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, send away the old poverty and hardships and welcome a better life in the new year.
open the market. During the old custom Spring Festival, large and small shops closed together from the beginning of the New Year, but opened on the fifth day of the first month. It is customary to take the fifth day of the first month as the holy day of the god of wealth, and it is believed that choosing this day to open the market will surely make a fortune.
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