What were the wealthy families in the Tang Dynasty?

The Li family in Zhaojun, the Cui family in Boling, the Cui family in Qinghe, the Lu family in Fanyang, the Zheng family in Xingyang, etc.

1. The Li family of Zhaojun

The Li family of Zhaojun was a famous ancient Chinese family from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The founding ancestor was Li Mu, the second son of Qin Taifu Li Ji. Li Ji was the younger brother of Li Chong, the founder of the Li family in Longxi. Li Mu was a famous general during the Warring States Period. He was the prime minister of Zhao State and was granted the title of Lord Wu'an. He first lived in Zhao State Bai (now Longyao, Xingtai, Hebei Province) and was the ancestor of the Li family in Zhao County.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Sinong Cheng Li Kai settled in the south of Pingji County, Zhao State (today's Xifengsi Village, Zhao County, Hebei Province), and divided into three houses: Dongzu, Xizu and Nanzu. Therefore, Zhao The County Li family is also called "Zhao Guo Li family", and these three families are the main branch of the Zhao County Li family.

Because of the large number of people in the clan, the Li clan gradually moved to the counties of Zhaojun (country) in the later period, and settled in Pingji, Bairen, Yuanshi, Zanhuang, Gaoyi, Luancheng, Lin They are distributed in counties such as Chengdu. The Li family in Zhaojun has been a prominent family in Shandong since the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it is also known as the "Old Clan in Shandong". By the end of the Tang Dynasty, it declined along with other aristocratic families.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, great emphasis was placed on family status. There were many historical records of the Li family in Zhao County. Each had a prosperous family tradition and a noble reputation. They were the first-class noble family. In the Tang Dynasty, they were listed as The "forbidden marriage family", one of the seven surnames and ten families, reached its peak in power.

*** There are 17 people serving as prime ministers. Li Jifu and Li Deyu, father and son, were born in the Li family of Emperor Zan in Zhao County. They assisted emperors such as Xianzong and Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty to create the "Yuanhe Zhongxing" and "Huichang Zhongxing" in the late Tang Dynasty. " Among them, Li Deyu served as an official for four dynasties and was praised as "a good prime minister through the ages" by future generations.

2. Boling Cui Clan

Boling Cui Clan, a famous northern family from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, originated from the Jiang surname. They got their surname from the fiefdom of Cui Yi. At that time, he was one of the ministers of the state of Qi. Due to political struggles during the reign of Duke Jinggong of Qi, Cui Ming fled to the state of Lu for refuge and became the minister of the state of Lu until the unification of Qin.

In the Qin Dynasty, Cui Yiru, the fifteenth generation grandson of Cui Liang, served as the official of Qin. His second son, Cui Zhongmo, settled in Anping County, Zhuo County (Anping County, Hebei Province) during the Western Han Dynasty, and gradually developed and expanded. Anping County belongs to Boling State, and the descendants of his family are called "Boling Anping people".

During the reign of Emperor Zhao of the Western Han Dynasty, Cui Chao was appointed to work in Youzhou. His son Cui Shu, his grandson Cui Zhuan and others held official positions of 2000 stone. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cui Xiang, Cui Yuan, Cui Shi and Cui Jun , Cui Lie, Cao Wei had Cui Zan, the Minister of Civil Affairs, and in the Western Jin Dynasty, there was Cui Hong, the chief minister of agriculture.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were figures such as Cui Xiaofen, the cavalry general, and Cui Xuanyou, the hussar general. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were figures such as Cui Zhongfang, the Minister of Rites, Cui Xuanwei, the prince of Boling County, Cui Hu, the great writer, and Cui Minqian, the Huangmen minister. It declined after the Mo Baimayi Incident.

3. The Cui family of Qinghe

The Cui family of Qinghe, a famous family from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China, originated from the surname Jiang. It was named after the fiefdom of Cui Yi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, he was one of the ministers of the State of Qi. Due to political struggles during the reign of Duke Jinggong of Qi, he fled to the State of Lu for refuge. He succeeded him as the minister of the State of Lu, and his official career changed until the unification of Qin.

During the Qin Dynasty, Cui Yiru served as the official of the Qin Dynasty. His eldest son Cui Boji settled in Dongwucheng County, Qinghe County (governing present-day Xibantun Town, Gucheng County, Hebei Province) during the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, the descendants of the family were called "Qinghe". People from Tobu City".

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became a prominent family in Shandong. Among them, Cui Yan successively served as an official under Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, and played a decisive role in Jizhou. Cui Lin was appointed Sikong of Cao Wei, and opened the title of the three princes. The Cui family of Qinghe has since become one of the top families in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. among the list.

After the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains gentry migrated south on a large scale, but the Cui family of Qinghe was still rooted in Hebei. It has the tradition of Han and Wei rites, is based on Confucian classics, rejects metaphysics, and strives to conquer the Central Plains. Ethnic minorities undergo Chinese transformation.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Cui family of Qinghe entered its heyday. Cui Hong participated in the formulation of laws, official systems, national titles, court rituals, etc. in the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Cui Hao assisted Wei Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao to unify the north and was Known as "the first-class military strategist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties", the father and son made immortal contributions to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

And actively promoted the Sinicization reform of Xianbei. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Cui family of Qinghe was listed as the first of the four surnames of the high family "Cui Lu Wang Zheng". The Cui family of Qinghe and the Lu family of Fanyang were both called "Cui Lu". ", known as "the most prosperous family in the world", became the representative of Shandong gentry and had far-reaching influence.

In the Tang Dynasty, the Cui family of Qinghe gave birth to 12 prime ministers, and was listed as one of the "forbidden marriage families" among the five surnames and Qiwang (seven surnames and ten families), and enjoyed a high reputation in society. , a large number of poets, writers, and civil and military champions such as Cui Hao, Cui Rong, and Cui Yuan also emerged in the family.

4. The Fanyang Lu family

The Fanyang Lu family was a famous family from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China. The famous surname east of Mount Wei was derived from the surname Jiang. Xi was the ancestor of the Lu surname, and his descendants were given the surname Lu because of their fiefdom in Luyi. After the Tian family was replaced by the Qi Dynasty, the Lu family members scattered in Yan, Qin and other places.

One of them lived in the Yan region. During the Qin Dynasty, there was Lu Ao (about 275 BC - 195 BC), named Yongxi. The first emperor of Qin called him a doctor of the Five Classics and moved to Fanyang (now Dingxing County, Hebei Province). Gucheng Town), their descendants moved to Zhuoshui (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province) and settled in Zhuodi, making Fanyang the county commander. Later generations called Fanyang Zhuoren and Fanyangren (that is, the origin of the Fanyang Lu family).

The Lu family of Fan Yang is famous for its Confucianism, Rites, and calligraphy. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was Lu Zhi, the great Confucian scholar in the country. During the Cao Wei Dynasty, there was Sikong Lu Yu. It reached its peak in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, King Zheng of Cuilu was given the surname of Gaomen. The Lu family of Fanyang and the Cui family of Qinghe were both called "Cuilu".

The three sons of Lu Jing, Taichang Cheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty, were the imperial teachers of the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou dynasties respectively. Among them, Lu Jingyu was the teacher of Emperor Wenxiang Gao Cheng of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Lu Bian was the teacher of Emperor Wu Wenyong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. , Lu Guang was the teacher of Tuoba Kuo, Emperor Gong of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so his family was named "Emperor Shifang".

In the Tang Dynasty, the Fan Yang Lu family had three families, one of the "Seven Surnames and Ten Families (Five Surnames and Seven Hopes)". "The good story.

Among them, in the ninety-two years from the first year of Xingyuan (784) to the second year of Qianfu (875), 116 people from the Fanyang Lu family passed the Jinshi examination. There are figures such as Lu Zhaolin, one of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty", and Lu Lun, one of the "Ten Talents of the Dali Dynasty".

5. The Zheng family of Xingyang

The Zheng family of Xingyang was a famous noble family in the north from the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Li family, the Fanyang Lu family, the Qinghe Cui family, and the Taiyuan Wang family are collectively known as the Five Surnames and Seven Families.

The ancestors of the Zheng family in Xingyang can be traced back to the Zheng Kingdom, which was entrusted by King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. After the destruction of the royal family, they still took Zheng as their surname and their hometown of Xingyang as their county commander. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, starting with Zheng Hun, Zheng Tai and others of Zheng's lineage, they gradually developed into a high-profile family. After going through changes and moving into the Tang Dynasty, the Zheng surname was still a prominent family. Later, due to the implementation of the imperial examination system, its influence gradually declined, but it was still the most prominent branch of the Zheng family in the world.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Xingyang Zheng family

Baidu Encyclopedia - Fanyang Lu family

Baidu Encyclopedia - Qinghe Cui family

Baidu Encyclopedia - Boling Cui family

Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhaojun Li family