Appreciation of the original text of harmony between the right place and the right time

Mencius said: "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony."

The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings. If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time. The city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not strong, and there are not many meters; Entrusting it to others is not as good as human harmony. Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the benefits of the world do not take the benefits of war. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. If you help less, your relatives will help, and if you help more, the world will be smooth. Take advantage of the world and attack your relatives. A gentleman wins without fighting. "

"Notes"

① Weather, Location and Harmony with People: Gou Wang Ziba said: "A simple and incompetent farmer will never lose his weather and location, he will gain harmony with people and never lose everything." Gou Zi's "good weather" refers to farming time, "favorable location" refers to fertile soil, and "harmony between people" refers to division of labor. The "timing" mentioned by Mencius here refers to the timing and climate of fingertip soldiers; "Geographical location" refers to steep mountains and rivers and strong cities. "Human harmony" refers to human will and internal unity. ② Sanli City and Qili Country: the inner city is called "city" and the outer city is called "country". The ratio of inner and outer cities is generally three miles in one city and seven miles in one country. ③ Pool: moat. (4) Soldiers: Weapons refer to offensive weapons such as spears, knives and arrows. Leather: leather, armor shield. Ancient armor shields were made of leather and also made of copper and iron. (5) Committee: give up. (6) Domain person: Restricted person. Domain, boundary. (8) Party: Same as "rebellion". (9) Yes: or, or. (10) and: harmony. (1 1) ring: closed. (12) ring attack: and, and. (13) and invincible: and, but. (14) millet: grain. (15) Shun: Obey.

"translation"

Mencius said: the climate suitable for fighting is not as good as the terrain favorable for fighting, and the terrain favorable for fighting is not as good as the unity of the people.

The inner city of Fiona Fang Sanli and the outer city of Fiona Fang Qili surrounded the attack, but they couldn't win. The encirclement and attack must meet people with a climate suitable for fighting, but these people did not win, because the climate suitable for fighting was not as good as the terrain conducive to fighting. The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and armor are not sharp and strong, and there is not much food: but I abandoned the city and fled because the terrain conducive to fighting is not as good as the unity of the people. Therefore, we cannot restrict the people by blocking the border, consolidate national defense by mountains and rivers, and establish prestige in the world by sharp weapons. People who get the word get more help, but those who get the word get less help. When there is little help, relatives will betray; People all over the world will obey when help is extreme. Use the advantage of world obedience to attack those who will betray their loved ones, or those who know will win without fighting. ?

"information"

Selected from Mencius, Gongsun, Ugly Summer, Mencius, Mingke and Warring States thinkers. Mencius was written by Mencius and his disciples. Zoucheng, Shandong, a thinker and educator in the Warring States period, is another representative of Confucian school who is equally famous with Confucius after Confucius. He is known as "Confucius and Mencius" and is honored as a "saint" in the world. Mencius was born in the noble state of Lu, and his ancestor was Sun Meng in the late period of Lu. But when Mencius was born, his family had already declined. The chaos at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period gradually declined their family and forced them to move from Shandong to Zou. After that, things were difficult, and Mencius had to "rent a house" when he was young. The situation of Mencius' parents cannot be verified now. What has been handed down is that Mencius lost his husband in his childhood and lived with his mother. For the study of Mencius, Meng Mu chose his neighbor and stayed for three times, but he got angry and broke the machine. From the age of 40, Mencius began to get in touch with politicians from all over the world, wandering among vassal States and propagating his thoughts and political opinions. Mencius inherited Confucius' thought of "benevolence" and advocated "people-oriented". "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." Mencius opposed the annexation war. He believes that war is too cruel and advocates "benevolent government" to unify the world. ? Mencius' theory of "benevolent governance" is based on the theory of "good nature". Mencius said, "Everyone has a hidden heart." He believes that goodness is the unique nature of human beings and the fundamental symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals.

Reading comprehension.

The relationship between heaven, earth and people has always been concerned by people. Who is the most important of the three has become a topic of discussion. As we quoted in the notes, Xunzi once discussed the problems of climate, geography, people and harmony from the perspective of agricultural production. But he did not distinguish who is important and who is not, but the three are equally important and indispensable. Mencius mainly analyzes and discusses the relationship between climate, geography and human harmony from the military aspect, and has a clear-cut banner: "climate is not as good as geography, and geography is not as good as human harmony." Among the three, "harmony between people" is the most important decisive factor, followed by "geographical location" and "weather". This is inseparable from his thought of always attaching importance to people's subjective initiative, and also from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations, and also from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations. It is from emphasizing the importance of "harmony between people" that he came to the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose the Tao will help less". This led the problem from military to politics, and actually returned to his "old-fashioned" topic of "benevolent governance". According to Mencius, the people can't be bound by blocking the border, and the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers. Therefore, there is no way to go abroad. We should reform and open up, strengthen our national strength and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. As long as this is achieved, that is, "those who get the word will help more", and if they help to the extreme, the people of the world will submit. Then there must be what Confucius said-"Then people from all directions will come without children." People from all over the world come to apply for studying abroad, doing business, and even applying for immigration and settlement with their wives and children. Where is the necessity of Frontier of Frontier? I'm afraid I can't get rid of it. In this way, "those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose it help less" has become a famous saying, so that we still often use it to evaluate international relations and condemn hegemonism. Of course, "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people" is also a famous saying, which is also widely used in business competitions, sports competitions, especially football competitions. This fully shows that its philosophy is rich, profound and broad. The so-called "people are United, Taishan is the top." Who said that "human harmony" is not the most important wealth? ?

〓 Author information 〓

Mencius (372- 289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng, Shandong) and was a disciple of Confucius' grandson. China, a thinker, educator, essayist and politician in the Warring States period in ancient times, is one of the famous representatives of Confucianism. Mencius' ancestors were aristocrats in the state of Lu, and later his family declined and moved from the state of Lu to Zou (now southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong). He lost his father when he was three years old, and Meng Mu brought him up. When Mencius was a child, his mother moved three times to give him a good learning environment. Later, people called it the Three Major Movements in Meng Mu. Meng Mu's godson is very strict, and his "moving godson" and "broken loom" have become a beautiful talk throughout the ages. There is a saying in Saint Amethyst that "Meng Mu used to choose a neighbor". Mencius lived in an era when a hundred schools of thought contended, and "Yang Zhu's words prevailed in the world". Mencius criticized it fiercely from the standpoint of Confucianism. Mencius inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts and put forward a complete ideological system. Mencius traveled around Qi, Jin, Song, Xue, Lu, Teng and Liang countries to lobby his thoughts of "benevolent governance" and "kingliness". However, because the vassal states were busy with war at that time, his theory of benevolent governance was considered as "circuitous and wider than things", and almost no one adopted his thought of governing the country. He returned to China to give lectures and write books with his disciples, and wrote seven "Mencius". Mencius maintained and developed Confucianism, put forward the theory of "benevolent governance" and "good nature" and adhered to "people-oriented". His thoughts have a great influence on later generations. But his position was not very high before the Song Dynasty. Since Han Yu listed Mencius as the only person in pre-Qin Confucianism who inherited Confucius' "orthodoxy" in The Original Road, there has been a "promotion movement" of Mencius, and his status has gradually improved. His theory had a great influence on the Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Xining in northern Song Shenzong (107 1), Mencius was first listed as one of the subjects in the imperial examination, and was later promoted to a Confucian classic. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty combined it with The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean into four books. From the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Shun Dynasty (1330), Mencius was named "Yashenggong" and later called "Yashenggong", ranking second only to Confucius. His thoughts and Confucius' thoughts are collectively called "The Way of Confucius and Mencius".