Groundwater function evaluation results
The areas with strong functions of groundwater resources in North China Plain are mainly distributed in Taihang Mountain, Yanshan piedmont and along the Yellow River, such as Pinggu-Shunyi-Fengtai-Fangshan-Dingxing piedmont, Dingzhou-Anguo-Wuji-Xinle, Huojia-Yuanyang County-Yellow River, Changyuan-Taiqian-Donge's Yellow River (Figure 8-30). The shallow groundwater system in this area has strong regeneration, regulation, availability and possession, and the water quality is good, so it is an optional area for establishing centralized water supply sources.
Groundwater in North China Plain has a strong resource function, mainly distributed in Luanxian-Tangshan-Feng Run piedmont alluvial-diluvial fan group, yutian county and Jixian south-Dingdi north, Shunyi west, Pinggu south-Tongzhou-Daxing-Zhuozhou-Xiongxian-Laiwen-Shenze-Shijiazhuang, Wuzhi-huixian city piedmont alluvial-diluvial fan group and Qi. The shallow groundwater system in this area has good reproducibility, regulation, effectiveness and possession, and good water quality, so it is a moderate groundwater exploitation area.
The function of groundwater resources in North China Plain is general, mainly distributed in the north, southwest and south of North China Plain, and in the area of Sanhe-Xianghe-Baodi-wuqing district-Fengnan-Luannan-Changli in the north. Southwest Xingtai-Handan-Daming-Xunxian-Weihui-Puyang-Yanggu-Liaocheng-Huimin-Binzhou area (Figure 8-30). Shallow groundwater is generally renewable, adjustable, available and possessed, and the water quality is average, so it is necessary to make rational use of various water resources in the area, which is an adjustable groundwater exploitation area.
The function of groundwater resources in North China Plain is weak, mainly distributed in the central and eastern plains, including Laoting-Tanghai-Ninghe-Tianjin-Renqiu-Suning and its southern region (Figure 8-30). The shallow groundwater system in this area is weak in regeneration, regulation, effectiveness and possession, which is not suitable for groundwater exploitation.
Figure 8-30 Functional Distribution Map of Groundwater Resources in North China Plain
The function of groundwater resources in North China Plain is weak, mainly distributed in the salt water area of the eastern coastal plain. From north to south along Hangu-Tanggu-Dagang-Huanghua-Hekou area, the resource function is weak. In Haixing-Haikou area, in order to maintain the wetland landscape, groundwater exploitation should be prohibited (Figure 8-30). The ability of regeneration, regulation, recovery and retention of shallow groundwater in this area is weak, and the quality of groundwater is poor, which is not suitable for exploitation.
(2) Ecological function of groundwater
The evaluation of groundwater ecological function in North China Plain comprehensively considers factors such as lake and marsh environment (including wetlands), natural vegetation and land desertification, and the evaluation results are shown in Figure 8-3 1.
Figure 8-3 1 Distribution Map of Groundwater Ecological Function in North China Plain
The areas with strong groundwater ecological function in North China Plain are mainly distributed in the wetland distribution areas along the eastern coast, such as Tang Haixian in the northern coast and Haikou in the southern coast (Figure 8-3 1). The landscape environment maintenance, water environment correlation, vegetation environment maintenance and land environment correlation of groundwater system in this area are very strong, and there is a close relationship between ecological environment change and groundwater system change. The development and utilization of groundwater may cause serious ecological and environmental problems.
Groundwater in North China Plain has a strong ecological function, which is mainly distributed in Bohai Bay, from the coastal line of the estuary area to the narrow strip south of Tanggu District, and the north is the area north of Tang Haixian (Figure 8-3 1). The groundwater system in this area has strong landscape environment maintenance, water environment correlation, vegetation environment maintenance and land environment correlation. The change of ecological environment is closely related to the change of groundwater system, and the development and utilization of groundwater may cause serious causal ecological environment problems, so the buried depth of groundwater level should be controlled to prevent the secondary salinization of soil.
The general ecological function areas of groundwater in North China Plain are mainly distributed in the north of Langfang, the southeast of Taihang Mountain piedmont plain and the eastern plain, including Sanhe-Xianghe, Botou-Jizhou-Julu-Guangping-Linzhang, the southwest of Bohai Bay Estuary-the northeast of Zhanhua County-Shuiwan Town of Wudi County-the northeast of Zhanhua County-Haixing County-Huanghua City-Tanggu District. The landscape environment maintenance, water environment correlation, vegetation environment maintenance and land environment correlation of groundwater system in this area are general, and there is a certain relationship between groundwater ecological environment change and groundwater system change, and groundwater development and utilization may cause obvious causal ecological environment problems.
The ecological function of groundwater in North China Plain is weak, and its distribution area is large, mainly distributed in Taihang piedmont plain, Yanshan piedmont plain, Dudian Town-Xinbincheng-Lijin Bird's Nest-Chen Zhuang-Zhanhuabei-Wudi-Yanshan-Cangzhou-Ninghe area in the east of Binzhou City (Figure 8-3 1). The landscape environment maintenance, water environment correlation, vegetation environment maintenance and land environment correlation of groundwater system in this area are weak. The relationship between ecological environment change and groundwater system change is weak, and groundwater development and utilization will not cause obvious causal ecological environment problems.
The ecological function of groundwater in North China Plain is weak, mainly distributed in Beijing and Tianjin and its surrounding areas, as well as in the vast area south of Anyang-Nanle Line in the south (Figure 8-3 1). The landscape environment maintenance, water environment correlation, vegetation environment maintenance and land environment correlation of groundwater system in this area are weak, and the change of ecological environment is not closely related to the change of groundwater system, so the development and utilization of groundwater will not cause causal ecological environment problems.
(3) the function of groundwater geological environment
In the evaluation of groundwater geological environment function in North China Plain, several factors are mainly considered, such as land subsidence, the correlation between groundwater quality and groundwater level, and the relationship between groundwater recharge variability and water level change. The evaluation results are shown in Figure 8-32.
Groundwater in North China Plain has a strong geological environment function and is widely distributed in the central and eastern plains of North China, such as wuqing district-Xiqing District-Jinnan District-south of Tanggu District-Renqiu East-Dacheng-Qingxian County-Cangzhou-Huanghua District, Ninghe-Hangu District, and Jizhou-Zaoqiang-Wuyi District south of Hengshui (Figure 8-32). The change of geological environment in this area is closely related to the change of groundwater system. The development and utilization of groundwater may cause serious environmental geological problems, so mining should be prohibited to protect the geological environment.
Groundwater in North China Plain has a strong geological environment function, which is distributed in the northern part of the region with strong geological environment function, such as Tang Haixian-Beichen District-Langfang-Gu 'an-Bazhou, and Haixing-Hekou-Binzhou in the southern part of Bohai Bay also belong to the region with strong geological environment function (Figure 8-32). The change of geological environment in this area is closely related to the change of groundwater system. The development and utilization of groundwater may cause serious environmental geological problems, so it is not suitable to exploit groundwater to protect the geological environment.
The geo-environmental functions of groundwater in North China Plain are generally distributed in Laoting-Luannan area of Jidong Plain, Shunyi-Tongzhou and Pinggu areas in the east of Beijing, around Baiyangdian Lake in the middle, Dongguang-Wuqiao-Gucheng-Nangong-Daming in the south, and Donge-Qihe-Jiyang area along the Yellow River (Figure 8-32). The effect of groundwater geological environment in this area is general, and the change of geological environment has a certain relationship with the change of groundwater system. The development and utilization of groundwater may cause obvious environmental geological problems, so it is a controlled exploitation area of groundwater.
Groundwater in North China Plain has weak geological environment function, mainly distributed in Taihang piedmont plain in the west, hua county-Puyang-Liaocheng-Yucheng-Qingyun-Ningjin area in the northeast and south of North China Plain, and scattered in other areas (Figure 8-32). The relationship between the change of groundwater geological environment and the change of groundwater system is weak, and the development and utilization of groundwater will not cause obvious causal ecological and environmental problems, so it is a moderate utilization area.
The geological environment function of groundwater in North China Plain is weak, mainly distributed in the north and south of North China Plain, and the north is concentrated in the north of Tianjin. The south is mainly concentrated in Henan except Puyang (Figure 8-32). The change of groundwater geological environment is not closely related to the change of groundwater system, and the development and utilization of groundwater will not cause causal ecological and environmental problems, which belongs to the planned utilization area.
Figure 8-32 Distribution Map of Groundwater Geological Environment Function in North China Plain
(D) the comprehensive function of groundwater
The areas with strong sustainability of groundwater comprehensive function in North China Plain are mainly distributed in the pore water area of alluvial-diluvial fan in Chaobai River in front of the mountain, the pore fresh water area of alluvial-diluvial fan in Shahe-Cihe River in front of Taihang Mountain, the influence zone of recharge along the Yellow River and the irrigation area for diverting water from the Yellow River (Figure 833). The resource function of groundwater system in this area is from general to strong, the ecological function is weak, the geological environment function is from weak to general, and the comprehensive function of groundwater is strong, so groundwater can be developed and utilized on a large scale.
The comprehensive function of groundwater in North China Plain is sustainable, which is mainly distributed in the pore fresh water area of alluvial and diluvial fans near Taihang Mountain, such as Juma River, Puhe River, Caohe River, Tangjie River, Fuyang River and Zhangweihe River. The pore fresh water area of alluvial-diluvial fan in Jiyun River; In addition, in the south of North China Plain, Handan-Linzhang-hua county-Weihui-Fengqiu-Puyang-Nanle; Dong 'a-Qihe area along the Yellow River; Other areas also have sporadic distribution (Figure 8-33). The resource function of groundwater system in this area is generally strong, the ecological function is weak, the geological environment function is weak to average, the comprehensive function of groundwater is strong, and groundwater can be planned and utilized.
Figure 8-33 Distribution Map of Groundwater Comprehensive Function Sustainability in North China Plain
The sustainability of groundwater comprehensive function in North China Plain is generally concentrated in the northern and central plains, the northern part is mainly in the eastern part of Langfang, and Tianjin Sanhe-wuqing district-Fengnan-Luannan-Changli; Except the surrounding areas of Hengshui, Wucheng-Dezhou and the eastern coastal areas, the rest of the central plain is generally a sustainable groundwater area (Figure 8-33). The function of groundwater resources in this area is from weak to general, the ecological function is from weak to strong, and the geological environment function is from weak to general. The functions of groundwater have been out of harmony, and the ecological function or geological environment function of groundwater has appeared problems. The comprehensive function of groundwater is general, which is not suitable for large-scale exploitation of groundwater.
The comprehensive function of groundwater in North China Plain is unsustainable, mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Luanhe River alluvial marine pore water salt water area in the south of Tanghai, Chaobai River alluvial marine pore water salt water area in the south of Fengnan, Langfang-Yongqing-Beichen District-Ninghe-Jinghai-Dacheng, Huanghua-Cangzhou-Nanpi-Haixing and Zhanhua-Hekou District in Tianjin (Figure 8-33). The function of groundwater resources and ecology in this area is weak, and the function of geological environment is strong. There is obvious disharmony between groundwater functions, serious problems in groundwater geological environment function and weak comprehensive function of groundwater. Therefore, the exploitation of groundwater should be restricted.
The areas with weak sustainability of groundwater comprehensive function in North China Plain are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Bohai Bay, such as Hangu District of Tianjin, south of Tanggu District-Dagang District, west of Dacheng-Qingxian County, and east of Haixing-north of the estuary (Figure 8-33). The function of groundwater resources in this area is weak, the ecological function is strong, and the geological environment function is strong, so there has been a serious disharmony between groundwater functions. The ecological function or geological environment function of groundwater has been disastrous, and the comprehensive function of groundwater is weak. Therefore, the exploitation of groundwater should be strictly restricted or prohibited.