Wu Bofan counted the written records of cognitive speeches.
Learn to tell you here:
1, get rid of the misunderstanding: the purpose of learning is not storage, and learning efficiency is low. The fundamental reason lies in mistaking "storage" for the purpose of learning. If you want to learn efficiently, you have to use cognitive "processing system" and "search system".
2. Efficient cognitive tools: sense of ceremony and small mouth. There is a concept in psychology called embodied cognition, which means that our cognition is easily influenced by the environment. Because of this, the most effective way to improve your cognition may be your unexpected gadgets.
3. How to make a study plan for 20 19? The plan of 20 18 has not been completed yet? Maybe there is something wrong with the plan itself. Based on people's cognitive characteristics, I will give you some suggestions on 20 19 New Year's resolutions, such as paying attention to cultivating the T-shaped structure of cognition.
Wu Bofan: Hello, everyone. Welcome to Wu Bofan: Cognitive Methodology. Today is not a class, but a time to interact with you. By the end of the year, we may have this feeling. If you make a plan, compare your plan and find that there are not many projects and plans that can be really implemented and really effective. After all, everyone is young. On New Year's Day and Spring Festival, they will make plans for one year, but rarely can they really carry them out to the end. Come to think of it, we have seen a lot this year. If you let your mobile phone record your reading time, you may spend a lot of time browsing all kinds of information and knowledge, but what have I got? When answering this question, there is often an empty feeling.
I once met a friend who teaches in a university, but belongs to a university professor. There are many affairs outside. I asked him how he was recently. Are you busy? He's too busy. I said, what are the three things you have been busy with this week? He suddenly froze and couldn't remember. I said, what are the three things you have accomplished in the last month? He said I must be careful about geography. I said, if you do three things this year? He said that my thoughts seemed like many things. Come to think of it, it seems nothing specific. This is the "Qibao furnace, one piece can't be broken into tiles".
At this time, we have an advantage in talking about cognitive methods. When summing up at the end of the year, we will be more sober in the face of an evaluation. Sometimes when we are addicted to it, there is no evaluation. When it comes to evaluation, I think of what Guo Shina, CEO of IBM, said, "In a company, if you just assign tasks without evaluation, everyone will take it as a friendly suggestion and there will be no result." This sentence can also be used for us personally. Sometimes when we walk into bookstores and libraries, we will make some plans, which is equivalent to giving ourselves friendly advice. But these friendly suggestions, if it doesn't have a very clear evaluation system, that is, if you don't accept something called exams that we are particularly afraid of since childhood, then you are likely to be lazy and busy forever.
Pseudo learning
So our first topic is "pseudo-learning". What is pseudo-learning? I think of another word called fake fans. It's actually quite lively for fake fans to watch the ball. They get up at three o'clock in the middle of the night and are very enthusiastic. If you work overtime, it's more than two hours, almost three hours, and there's a lot of time. If you hear that a fake fan stayed up late to watch the ball last night, ask him how he played yesterday. Good or bad? How good is it? How bad is it? He may say a few words, or he may stop talking for three or four sentences. This is called "fake fans". The information he got is the same as his original input and a real fan. This makes no difference. Maybe he can see the picture more clearly. But why does he have little time to solve what he has got? Looking back at this problem, let's look at pseudo-learning. What kind of learning is pseudo-learning? It is to focus on initial input and relieve this cognitive anxiety through continuous initial input. Because I'm typing, because I'm not playing games, and I'm not doing anything unrelated to my study. One of the easiest ways to alleviate this cognitive anxiety is to input a lot. This kind of investment actually gives you a short-term sense of gain. For example, I read an article today, and I can get some inspiration. Then look at it next, a large number of original inputs are not put back in place, and they are not put into the next process for production and processing until they become products. We can imagine this original investment as a factory or an enterprise buying a lot of goods, but the production line is very weak or basically no production line. Or there is a production line, which has not started at all. Think about this situation, the whole factory will become a junkyard. Although the things that come in may be useful, it is meaningless to come in and pile up a lot of things here every day without a systematic finishing and processing and finally turning them into products.
Next, we will discuss why muscle memory is so different from ordinary memory. One of the characteristics of muscle memory is that once it is remembered, it is almost unforgettable. For example, you learned to ride a bike when you were a child. I haven't ridden it for 20 years, but I can still ride it. But why do many pure memories of the brain, memories that have nothing to do with limbs or muscles, pass quickly in your brain? Sometimes even when reading a book, I open a book I have read in the past and find many lines drawn on it, and even some comments. But you have no impression of these sentences. What is the difference? One of the most important differences is muscle memory, which occurs simultaneously with input and exam evaluation. If you want to do an action properly, it must be a small link. If it's in place, it's in place. Not in place is not in place. If you are not in place, you can see that you are not in place. There is no vague space for you here, so every exercise is also an exam, and every exam is also an exercise. In this way, this kind of real-time combination of practice and evaluation and examination will be formed, and once the memory is formed, it will last for a long time. And if you are studying and want to recite a text, just keep reading, which is very inefficient. Because you separate practice from evaluation, or practice from examination, or even you are not only separated, you are avoiding this examination. So the final result is that this repetition is only the cognition that the original input has no post-processing mechanism, and the efficiency is very low. Even if you enter it, you will be cleaned up quickly because you have not found your exact location.
Our memory is like a city, and there will be some incoming knowledge wandering in the street. They have only two fates, either to find their place or to be eliminated. There may be many "refugees" in our minds in one day, some knowledge points and information points that we don't know where we belong. They come and go quickly. Therefore, from the results, this state is very inefficient, and it seems to be a state of many or even diligent inputs, but the output is very low, or even almost no output. We call it "pseudo-learning".
Mathematician Pang once said that houses are made of stones, and a pile of stones there can't be called houses. See if we are constantly picking up stones or building houses with stones. We should classify it. Once the house is built, it will stand there. If you don't know what kind of house to build, and you are constantly and diligently collecting all kinds of stones, the stones you collect may be useful, but they are useless at all. If you don't know where to learn, you will definitely fall into an inefficient and ineffective learning state. We call this state pseudo-learning.
This is not a blow to our curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Sometimes we really get caught up in the passion of learning. For example, we are listening to a wonderful speech. After an hour or two, we are fascinated by it and constantly form various intracranial orgasms. But stop and ask you, what did he say today You may also fall into this state, as if you had finished a few words. If he says a few words like you, he won't infect people. So what are the simple sentences you get? In America, a man named Bierce wrote a devil's dictionary, which he called fragments of knowledge and cliches of knowledge. He has a saying that the jellyfish skin basked on the beach of thoughts is a sleeping thought in a lot of smoking words and a living zombie who has lost truth. What do you mean? A knowledge point should be alive. Without a complete skeleton and flesh and blood, it is a zombie. Therefore, we should acquire real knowledge. For example, if you are a person who is very familiar with his speech, you probably don't need to remember his words deliberately. Many of his words are lingering, so you can repeat them accurately and completely without too much effort. Because of what? Because of the whole primitive input process, your mind is automatically processed and stored, and it builds your house. And if you just stand there and listen as an observer and an amateur, you may be touched, but these touches cannot be placed in a specific space, a specific grid and a specific location because of all these perceptions and opinions, and will eventually be a bit like someone's living room. After going in, I piled up a lot of things, as if I had everything, but when I really used it, I couldn't find anything. This is a pseudo-learning state.
Therefore, we have repeatedly stressed that learning is the basis of cognition, and cognition is a production process, a process with input, output, raw materials and final products. Learning is never just about putting some fresh materials in your mind, because those things are not products. So we repeatedly say that it is the product of the result, and it has a complete set of continuous events in the process. When these events are connected, a real cognition will be formed. Therefore, we should raise our awareness, don't pick up stones everywhere, and build our own houses.
embodied cognition
When we were discussing cognition recently, I talked about a concept called embodied cognition. I wasn't particularly interested when I first saw it. I take it for granted that it is the concept of old wine in new bottles, but after reading related works, I found that it really opened up a horizon. Why do you say that? One thing makes you feel special and insightful. It's not how new it is, but the feeling that it can suddenly integrate and connect your existing cognition, a lot of confusion, knowledge points and information points scattered in your mind, and ideas that have not yet formed. We usually call this state enlightenment, which generally refers to a specific sentence or a book.
Like rituals. As we all know, from ancient times to the present, from ancient witchcraft to later religion, there are all kinds of ceremonies, and we still have many ceremonies today. The so-called ceremony is that in a specific atmosphere, a specific space, a specific time and a specific scene, you unconsciously changed, and your state suddenly entered a state far greater than yours, or you were suddenly reshaped by an invisible thing. At this time, your reading and writing efficiency will be very high.
I remember in the preface to Walden Lake, xu teacher said that books are divided into day and night. Why do some books belong to the day and some books belong to the night? He thinks Walden is a book that belongs to the night. It's dull when you look at it during the day, and you can't even watch it. But one night, in the dead of night, when you read a book under the lamp, he felt that way. It was amazing language and flashing words, which touched my heart and refreshed my heart. Later, when I was reading, I really made a comparison. Day and night really feel different. So books are divided into day and night. In fact, there are things similar to rituals in them, because you are still you, books are still books, but the world around you is different day and night.
We know that our bodies belong to us, and belonging means control and controllability. In fact, our bodies do not belong to us to a considerable extent. You'll know once you get sick. When you sneeze, you will know that your body does not belong to you, and the degree of control is very small. Raise your hand if you want. If you want to leave, yes, it's all controllable. But when you are completely unconscious, the whole operating mechanism of your body is not up to you. What you can't help but say may mean that there are many uncontrollable things in our bodies. So the body is controllable and uncontrollable, and there is another. It actually belongs to our body, but we don't think it is our body. This is our environment and atmosphere.
Sometimes, if there is something wrong with any organ in any place, you will feel uncomfortable and obviously uncomfortable. Which organ is injured, you will feel that the whole movement has changed. I have a friend who says that once he is ill, he can change his world view. Under normal circumstances, he thinks it is so simple to walk from one end of the room to the other. When his leg suddenly went wrong, he felt how happy he was to be able to walk these steps. This state is the state of your body, which determines your state of mind and your cognition. There is also a third kind of body, which we call, and some people call it an alien body. One is our own body, and the other is our body. Although it is not your organ or part of your body, it is there, its position, its appearance characteristics, and related vision, smell, taste and so on. The whole set of stimuli that have a potential impact on our body shape are called our bodies, but they are called alien bodies.
So you can understand why it feels different to enter the church. It stimulates your vision, hearing, smell and touch by creating space. These things in the church are quietly affecting you. Usually, you may have no sense of religion at all, but when you get to that place, you will feel a strange state that is quite different from your daily life. How did it change you? This is embodied cognition, that is to say, all your views, feelings and judgments about the world, as well as your choices, are related to the state of your body, to your controllable body and uncontrollable body, and to the body outside our body that we can't feel, including your house, yard, people around you and the location of your office. These are all part of your body. If something goes wrong in these places, it will affect your mood, your cognition and your judgment. But we rarely manage these bodies outside the body, and we never even realize that they are part of our bodies. Therefore, the so-called embodied cognition is to connect these seemingly emotional external elements directly related to the body with our cognition.
Sometimes we think a room is high, and sometimes we feel depressed. In fact, they don't have an objective and universal numerical index. If a child enters a room with you and you feel depressed, he may feel very empty. When we were young, we thought our grandparents were tall. When you go back to see them, you will feel short. You go back to the small mountain village where you were born. You used to think that village was particularly big. Why is it so small now?
A lot of our cognition is a product, which is related to your physical condition and the relationship between your body and the surrounding environment. The three factors that affect our cognition are reason, fear and desire. They are affecting us, and both fear and desire are related to the body. The board on the ground, placed between two tall buildings, tells you that it is the same building, but you dare not walk over. Why? Because of fear, you will judge this thing. Reason tells you that it will not fall. This board is very wide. Just now I was rolling on the ground, but you were afraid to go up. Your understanding of it has suddenly changed, but I'm telling you, if you walk over and I give you 10 million yuan, you'll find that you will have a look and it's not that dangerous. So many times, if our cognition doesn't come down to the condition of the body, and the body is connected with your surroundings, which is something similar to the intangible energy field of Feng Shui that China said, you can't figure out why you thought so at that time, but how did it suddenly become this view? Do you think it's me? That's you. Why is the gap so big? Because your body is different, so is your body. When you are in good health, even when you lose weight or not, you have different views on people and things.
This kind of embodied cognition reminds us that ceremony is very important. Let's not think that the world is the world you live in, and you are you. No, you carry a lot of things you don't know, especially when you are in a ritualized environment, in a church, in a hotel, in a humble abode and in a cave, your cognition is different. So cognition is a very complicated thing. The most interesting thing is that our sages in China particularly emphasized the relationship between body and cognition. For example, we have experience, observation and personal experience of Chinese. Personal feelings, personal experiences and so on are all related to our bodies. I once told a story in class. A friend of mine used to have a room full of clutter. Later, I received a gift, a Greek pottery. When placing this pottery, he tidied up his desk and found that there was no connection in other places, which caused a series of reactions. Finally, not only did his room become neat and ceremonial, but even his thinking changed. He used to have many very fragmentary and active ideas, but he was always in a state of near chaos, because in such a ceremonial room, he started another way of writing and reading. This is a kind of embodied cognition, which affects the inner state of mind through the changes of body, posture and body feeling and through some external ceremony. We say that the environment is born of the heart, which is what Buddhism says, but the heart is born of the environment.
Blind size
When I talked about blind dimension just now, I was wondering how I came up with this concept in the first place. Some people say that you will recreate some concepts. But this is a concept that I seriously do. One blind spot is that there are always things you can't touch on the plane. When I was watching a movie, I saw a spy movie. Someone heard something in his office and came in to see it. He examined every place carefully, including every corner. After reading it, he found nothing to doubt. So he closed the door and left. At this time, the lens of the film shook to the ceiling, and people like James Bond supported it with their hands and feet and put it on the ceiling. It is clearly in this room, but why didn't he find this person? He was looking for it so seriously, but he ignored this most important and important goal because he didn't look up. Blind dimension is actually a mistake. A company used this word at this year's annual meeting. How to overcome the blind dimension of the company's industry? I think this is what we should pay special attention to when improving our cognition. I would rather leave some blind spots than blind dimensions. If you lose one dimension, your so-called careful and accurate cognition in the low dimension may be equal to zero.
At the end of the year or the beginning of the year, when you meet a friend, you will ask, "What book have you read recently?" I will also ask, "What books did you reread today?" Because I think rereading is a very important part of reading. Why do you say that? Even some novels, such as Robinson Crusoe and Les Miserables, when you reread them, you will find that many of them seem to have never been read. The story is easy to remember, but you have never seen some of the plot of the story. At this time, you just found a detail that you didn't seem to see at all. At this time, you are most impressed. Why is this happening? Because the frame grid, room and so on in your mind, let's call it a grid. These grids become very precise, and with more grids, those things can be put back in place at once, find their own position at once, and it will become yours. If it didn't enter your eyes at first, you must have seen it. It was always here, but there was no "room" or grid at that time, which has nothing to do with you. Therefore, a good book, a great book, always has a strange feeling to read. Although you are familiar with it, you still feel that there are many things you don't realize. In fact, our best friend should have known each other for 20 years, but you always feel that he has something new. Because of what? He has money, and so do you. When your lattice and your inner frame are not rich, they are actually rich. You just can't feel it, or his things can't go back in your heart. So as time goes by, you will find yourself growing, and this growth is actually that the inner lattice has become rich. Then you will find something new, which has always been the case. So at the end of the year, we should ask ourselves which books I reread, or how many times I read a book like the first time. This kind of cognitive improvement it gives you is often much better than the effect of constantly reading new books. I have a list of books that I have to read again every three or four years.
20 19 how to make your own study plan?
There is no unified universal book list or plan, just like no universal doctor in the world can write a prescription and eat it all over the country. All prescriptions are prescription drugs, aiming at specific things, and he wants to give solutions according to specific symptoms. So I may have a detailed plan, but I can't give it. I seem to have caught a cold these two days. I took cold medicine. I recommend it to you if you don't like or take cold medicine. This is not good. But there are plans.
Let me look back. Last season, I talked about three things in "The Road to Bowan Day". In common words: First, do you think the world you think is the world you think? Second, what you think, what you think, is what you think? Third, do you think your relationship with the world is what you think your relationship with the world is? Sometimes you think too much, sometimes you think too little. I hope our cognition will be improved. If we want to make a plan, you should first review my idea, the idea at the beginning of 20 18. By the end of the year, no one told me, or "what a painful realization", what I realized. You wrote five, which is good enough. When you make the 20 19 plan again, I hope that there will be some kind of cognitive earthquake at one of the five points, and I will get some kind of cognition that is completely opposite to my previous cognition. This is not only a plan, but also a methodology. We are always looking for changes with each passing day, and we have a new look every day. In ancient times, people said that the new is the new, but in modern times, we say the word "refresh". It's popular to refresh yourself now, and keep brushing. There may be some old things, but there will also be some new things. How do we make this update? As I said just now, all learning without assessment and examination as basic advanced means is pseudo-learning. In 20 19, I will refresh my knowledge at five o'clock, and then make an evaluation, whether in the form of diary or monthly summary. These things are definitely not a waste of time. This record is to return to what we call knowing whether to store or output. The essence of cognition is output, although there must be input when outputting. The best way to read is not to write or read. Primary writing is to write comments, and advanced writing is to let the other person's thoughts call on your existing cognitive reserve when reading, and then make you think. This is a process of transforming passive input into intentional active output. So whether we keep a diary or write, it is not a kind of storage in essence. If you write down what happened today, it is also an output. We should remember that the essence of cognition is output, that is, there is a processing system. To upgrade your cognition, you don't make some primary inputs very big and keep yourself busy, but let your cognition upgrade the process and system of processing knowledge information points. If you have only 2 million pixels, don't expect to take a photo with 20 million pixels.
Back to the original topic, learning is easy to fall into the situation of blindly increasing original input, wandering by a lot of perhaps useful learning, or alleviating one's cognitive anxiety through input, which are all delaying one's real cognitive upgrade. We must say goodbye to it and end it. Otherwise, the plan made in front will not be implemented.