Compilation of notes for senior high school students in geography
When you enter high school, you have to learn to take notes by yourself, especially for subjects like geography that have a lot of knowledge points. Below I would like to share with you some compilation of notes about geography for the first year of high school. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Contents of Geography Grade 1 Notes 1
Section 1 Urban Internal Spatial Structure
1. Urban Form (Textbook P18 Figure 2.1)
2. Urban land use and functional zoning
1. Usage types: commercial land, industrial land, residential land, government agency land, recreational and greening land, transportation land, agricultural land, etc. 2. Common functional areas: There are no clear boundaries between functional areas, and a certain functional area is dominated by a certain land use method (Textbook P19~21)
3. The formation and changes of the urban internal spatial structure
1. Typical model of urban internal spatial structure (see Figure 2.7 on P22 of the textbook)
Section 2 Service Functions of Different Levels of Cities
1. Urban Different levels (Textbook P25~26)
2. Enlightenment from the urban hierarchy system in southern Germany (Textbook P28~29 Figures 2.13, 2.15) 1. There are fewer cities with higher levels and the cities are far apart. 2. The service scope of cities of different levels is nested layer by layer.
3. The hexagonal nesting model of urban service scope can be used to guide regional planning, urban construction and the layout of commercial outlets.
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Section 3 Urbanization
1. What is urbanization (Textbook P31~32 Figures 2.17, 2.18)
2. The process of world urbanization
1. The development stages and characteristics of urbanization (Textbook P33 Figure 2.20)
2. Counter-urbanization
3. Regional differences in world urbanization (Textbook P32 Figure 2.19) 3. The impact of urbanization on the geographical environment (Textbook P36~37 Figure 2.25)
2. Urban environmental issues (Textbook P37 Figure 2.26)
3. Improving the urban environment Measures (Textbook P38)
⑴ Develop low-pollution energy-saving buildings and green transportation to reduce urban pollution. ⑵Maintain coordination between urban landscape and natural landscape and establish a virtuous cycle.
Geography Grade 1 Notes Content 2
Section 1 Industrial Location Factors and Location Selection
1. Main Industrial Location Factors
2. Principles of location selection for different types of industrial sectors (Textbook P58 Figure 4.2)
2. Industrial location selection (Textbook P59~60) 1. Changes in industrial location factors and their effects
< p> 2. Case analysis - location changes of the steel industry (Figure 4.5 on Textbook P60)3. The impact of social and environmental needs on industrial location selection (Figure 4.6 on Textbook P61)
1. Industrial agglomeration and industrial region (Textbook P62～63) 1. Industrial connections
⑴ Connections in production processes - there are connections between products and raw materials between factories ⑵ Connections in space utilization - * **Same as using infrastructure or cheap labor
3. Industrial regions
⑵Industrial regions are classified by formation
⑶Industrial regions are classified by nature
Reasons for the formation of industrial regions: industrial agglomeration
2. Industrial dispersion and industrial regional connections (Textbook P63~64)
1. Industrial dispersion
2 .Industrial regional connections
1. Traditional industrial areas 1. Overview (Textbook P65)
2. Ruhr Area (Textbook P65~67, Figures 4.9, 4.12, 4.13,)
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⑴ Location advantages: ① Abundant coal resources; ② Close to the iron ore area (Lorraine Iron Mine, France); ③ Abundant water sources; ④ Convenient water and land transportation; ⑤ Broad market.
2. Reasons for decline:
① Production is limited to traditional industries; ② The proportion of coal in world energy consumption has declined (reasons: the widespread application of oil and natural gas; the reduction of coal consumption in new technology steelmaking ); ③ Intense competition in the steel market and the widespread application of substitutes; ④ Environmental pollution, land shortage, traffic congestion and other problems caused by the agglomeration of heavy and chemical industries; ⑤ The impact of the new technological revolution.
4. Comparison of the development conditions of the Central and South Liaoning Industrial Zone and the Ruhr Area (Textbook P67~68 Figure 4.14) 2. Emerging Industrial Zone 1. Overview (Textbook P68)
2. Italy's emerging industrial areas (Textbook P69, Figures 4.15 and 4.16)
3. The United States' "Silicon Valley" (Textbook P71~72, Figure 4.19)
Section 1 Transportation Mode and Layout
p>1. Main transportation modes
1. Main transportation modes and characteristics (Textbook P78 Table 5.1)
2. Transportation development trends: high-speed, large-scale, specialization. 2. Transportation layout
1. Transportation network (Textbook P79~80 Figure 5.3)
2. Factors affecting transportation layout: economy, society, technology, nature
3. Construction of the Nan-Kunming Railway (Textbook P80~81 Figure 5.4)
Section 2 The Impact of Changes in Transportation Layout
1. Impact on Settlement Form ( Textbook P82 Figures 5.5 and 5.6)
2. Impact on the distribution points of commercial outlets (Textbook P83~84 Figures 5.8 and 5.9) 3. Market towns are developed on traffic arteries, and changes in traffic lines will Cause the prosperity or decline of a market town. For example, Changlin Town in Mian County, Shaanxi Province.
Content of Geography Grade 1 Notes 3
Section 1 Location Selection of Agriculture
1. Changes in Agricultural Location Factors
1. The meaning of agricultural location: first, it refers to the geographical location selected for agricultural production; second, it refers to the interrelationship between agriculture and geographical environment factors.
2. Agricultural location factors (Textbook P42 Figure 3.3)
2. The formation of agricultural regions
1. The concept of agricultural regions: in a certain region and a certain In the historical development stage, agricultural production areas were formed under the comprehensive influence of social, economic, technological, cultural and natural conditions. Within the same agricultural region, agricultural production conditions, structures, management methods, and development directions have the same characteristics. 2. The formation of mixed agriculture in Australia (Textbook P45~46, Figure 3.9)
1. Monsoon paddy agriculture (Textbook P47~48, Figure 3.10)
2. Commercial grain agriculture (Textbook P49 ~50 Figures 3.13, 3.14)
Section 3 Agricultural regional types dominated by animal husbandry
1. Large pasture grazing (Textbook P47~48 Figure 3.10)
2. Dairy and Animal Industry (Textbook P52~54 Figures 3.19, 3.20)
Geography learning methods and techniques for the first year of high school students
1. Cultivate spatial concepts and use maps correctly.
Maps are a prominent feature that distinguishes geography courses from other subject courses. Without maps, there would be no geography. As long as you master the correct method of reading maps, develop good habits of using maps, and form basic geographical skills, you will have mastered the most basic tools for learning geography lessons.
First of all, develop good habits of reading and using pictures. You must know that geographical knowledge not only exists in the text of textbooks, but also is largely contained in maps. In geography learning, we must draw pictures on the left and read on the right, pay attention to using maps at any time, consult maps, and be good at discovering geographical knowledge and looking for geographical laws from maps. Make sure you have words in your eyes and pictures in your mind. Words and images are organically combined to form a correct spatial imagination.
Secondly, you must master the correct method of reading pictures. When reading a picture, you must first read the picture title, legend, scale and direction, know the main content and scope of the picture, and then observe the specific content of the picture. Observation should be careful and comprehensive, and don’t miss every piece of information.
2. Learn to read textbooks and master scientific methods.
Geography textbooks are an important way to acquire geographical knowledge and improve geographical literacy.
How to use geography textbooks well? First of all, you must read and understand what is said in the book. Secondly, we should also pay attention to reading the knowledge network. The geographical environment is an organic whole, and the various elements that make up the geographical environment restrict and influence each other. Changes in any one of the geographical elements may affect changes in other elements. Learning geography should clarify the interrelationships between these geographical elements and form a knowledge network of this region in the mind. Finally, you must learn to sort out knowledge.
There are obvious differences or similarities between the geographical environments or geographical elements of different countries and regions. Based on this, we can use comparative methods to learn, compare differences, and find similarities. For example, we can use this method when studying India and Brazil. India and Brazil are both coastal countries located in the tropics; their terrain is dominated by plains and plateaus; they are rich in high-quality iron ore resources; they are both world-famous producers and exporters of tropical cash crops; in recent years, the electronics and information industries have grown It has developed rapidly and is a relatively industrially developed country in the developing world, and its capital is not the largest city in the country.
3. Cultivate thinking ability and learn scientific memory
Cultivating geographical thinking ability is an important goal of compulsory education geography courses. Many students reported that "geography is not difficult to learn, but it is difficult to remember." First of all, we should distinguish the requirements for these geographical things in the curriculum standards. Are they required to be memorized, or do they not need to be memorized as long as they are understood? After clarifying this issue, we can then discuss the method of memorization.
1. Review in time and repeat memory
The best way to overcome forgetfulness and strengthen memory is to repeat, which is also determined by human physiological structure. Take students preparing for a test a week later as an example. They need to review twice on the first day after studying, then review again on the second day, do not review on the third day, review again on the fourth day, and do not review on the fifth or sixth day. Review again on the seventh day.
2. Grasp the connection and understand the memory
The various elements of the geographical environment influence and restrict each other, which determines that there are inevitable internal connections between geographical knowledge . For example: Regarding Japan, there is a lot of content introduced in the textbook. You should find the connection between the knowledge and remember it. You can connect it like this: Japan is an archipelago country located in the Pacific in eastern Asia. Its geographical location determines the climate of Japan. Oceanic monsoon climate, the oceanic monsoon climate has abundant precipitation, coupled with the small land and mountainous and hilly terrain, the rivers are short and the water resources are rich; under humid climate conditions, vast forests are distributed in mountainous and hilly areas; Japan's Mineral resources are poor, but it takes advantage of the winding coastline, many excellent harbors, and convenient maritime transportation to import a large amount of industrial raw materials and fuel. Due to the small domestic market, a large number of industrial products need to be exported, so the industry is concentrated on the Pacific coast with many excellent harbors. and the coast of the Seto Inland Sea; the waters near the archipelago countries are rich in fishery resources, and Japan's fishery is developed.
3. Grasp the similarities and differences, and compare and memorize
Grasping the differences and similarities between geographical things for memorization is also an effective memory method. For example, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are our two famous rivers. They are different in many aspects. It is more appropriate to use a comparative method to memorize knowledge about the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
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