Related satellites of solar observation satellites
Scientists from five countries participated in this project. There are some subtle differences in the internal structure of the two satellites. They used their staggered superior positioning in space to "watch" the sun, and showed the panoramic three-dimensional image of sunspot eruption for the first time for human beings, showing the unique scene of energy flow between the sun and the earth as never before, helping scientists to study the influence of the sun's surrounding environment and solar activities on the whole solar system, studying the generation, activities and consequences of corona eruption, observing solar eruption more accurately, and understanding the whole "space weather" and its influence on the earth.
The Sun-Earth Relations Observatory will send back three-dimensional images of solar bursts from outside the Earth's orbit for the first time. These images will help astronomers accurately predict the impact of solar storms on astronauts and communication satellites, and greatly enhance their understanding of solar activities. It will also photograph and track the "space weather" between the sun and the earth for the first time, continuously determine the position of interplanetary shock waves through radio triangulation for the first time, photograph solar activities for the first time and measure high-energy particles at the scale of 1 astronomical unit.
In addition to displaying three-dimensional images of the sun, another important task of the Sun-Earth Relations Observatory is to predict solar storms in advance. Solar storm mainly refers to violent activities such as flare and coronal mass ejection on the sun, which belongs to the category of space weather. Coronal mass ejection can be said to be the most violent outbreak phenomenon in the solar system. Every explosion, 654.38+00 billion tons of charged particles will be ejected from the sun's atmosphere, and these particles will sweep through space at the speed of millions of kilometers per hour.
If the direction of coronal mass ejection is facing the earth, billions of tons of explosives thrown by the sun will not only produce spectacular auroras on the earth, but also cause strong magnetic storms in the earth's atmosphere, which may also interrupt the work of communication and navigation satellites on the earth, and may even penetrate the magnetic field that protects the earth, affecting the power system and mobile phone network on the earth. In addition, the high-energy particles in the jet not only fill the solar system, but also may cause harm to the spacecraft launched by human beings and astronauts working in space. 1989 A solar storm caused a large-scale power outage in Quebec, Canada, affecting the power supply of 6 million residents. In 2003, a similar situation happened again, which not only interrupted the power supply in Sweden, but also damaged many satellites and spaceships.
The Sun-Earth Relations Observatory will explore the origin, evolution and interplanetary influence of coronal mass ejections in the solar system, further understand the sun, reveal the essential relationship between the sun and the earth, understand the impact of future solar stability on the earth's atmosphere, climate and environment, and reduce the negative impact of coronal mass ejections and solar flares on spacecraft and astronauts.
At present, human beings have developed a variety of solar telescopes, but they can only observe the sun from the perspective of the earth, and can't monitor the solar storms that hit the earth directly, because the strong light of the sun always masks the light that the solar storms hit the earth. A pair of "Sun-Earth relationship observatories" that will be launched into distant orbits can form giant "binoculars", which can stereoscopically watch the sun and its massive air mass and charged particles erupt into the surrounding space, monitor the sun from different angles, measure and record solar flares, coronal mass ejections and other activities, so that human beings can see the three-dimensional sun, show the panoramic three-dimensional image of the sun for the first time, and show the unprecedented unique scene of energy flow between the sun and the earth. This will help people to understand and predict the solar burst and its space climate, and even other planets. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a new solar observation satellite launched by NASA, obtained the most shocking photos of the sun. Although the sun is the most common star in our life, human beings have never seen the activities on the surface of the sun in such detail. SDO was launched on February, 2065438 1 1 day, running in 36000 km geosynchronous orbit, with a service life of five years. It is equipped with three instruments to study the sun, which can continuously observe the sun, and the definition of the photos is 10 times that of an HDTV.
These three instruments are solar seismic and magnetic field imager, atmospheric imaging device and extreme ultraviolet strain measurement experimental device. Among them, the solar seismic and magnetic field imager uses the so-called "helioseismology" method to study the internal structure of the sun. Just as seismologists use seismic data to study the internal structure of the earth, astrophysicists also use sound waves to achieve similar goals.
On April 8, SDO observed a solar activity. The sunspot numbered 1060 released a small flare, and the shock wave generated by the flare spread throughout the sun. The photo of SDO clearly shows that when the shock wave passes, the annular magnetic line structure (magnetic ring) in the solar atmosphere swings back and forth. Later, the shock wave disappeared at the edge of the sun's circular surface. But it's not over. Four hours later, at a distance of 200,000 kilometers from the flare, a large prominence was ejected.
Scientists believe that this prominence is not an accident. When the shock wave propagates, it will destroy the stability of the magnetic field it encounters, and the magnetic field supporting the prominence is disturbed by the shock wave, so this kind of ejection occurs. Sun-B, a solar observation satellite jointly developed by Japan, Britain and the United States, was successfully launched from the Uchinoura Space Observatory in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan. According to JAXA, about 20 minutes after 1 hour, the ground observation station received the signal sent back by the "Sun-B" satellite, confirming that the satellite was successfully separated from the rocket and the solar panel had been deployed.
"Sun -B" weighed about 900 kilograms when it was launched. In the next three years, it will run in a sun-synchronous orbit 600 kilometers above the ground, and 1 year can continuously observe the sun for eight months.
Sun -B is equipped with three high-performance telescopes. Relying on these instruments, the satellite will focus on observing phenomena in the solar atmosphere, such as flares, and studying the causes of the corona.
The "Sun -B" satellite jointly developed by Japan, Britain and the United States was successfully launched on the 23rd. Its three high-performance telescopes are like "three eyes", which can help scientists better understand the solar activities that affect the growth of everything on earth. At the end of 5438+2009 10, the Russian scientific research satellite "Coronas-Foton" was launched to detect the influence of solar internal structure and solar activities on the earth's climate, atmosphere and biosphere. The satellite was originally planned to stay in space for three years, but it was retired early due to power supply system failure in less than one year.