Geomantic layout of orchards in mountainous areas

Cultivation techniques of jujube trees

1. Transplanted seedlings can take root. You can also use Zizyphus jujuba as rootstock, and select high-quality annual jujube branches as scions for grafting before the jujube tree germinates.

2. Fixed stem: when the living jujube seedlings grow to two years, combined with winter pruning, fixed stem is about 60 cm. When the jujube head has 4-5 secondary branches in spring, pick the core and leave the secondary branches in the right direction as the first layer of main branches.

3. When pruning in the winter of the following year, the topmost secondary branch is cut off from the bottom, and the full bud under the cutting mouth is left as the new jujube head. After pruning, follow the previous method.

Persimmon cultivation techniques

First, seedling propagation

1. rootstock: Take cultivated persimmon or wild soybean persimmon as rootstock, and cultivate rootstock through seed sowing. The sowing time is 12 ~ 1.

2. Seedling propagation: seedlings are propagated by grafting, and rootstocks and scions are cut before moving in winter.

Second, colonization.

The suitable planting period of persimmon is in winter dormancy period, which is about 65438+February to February. The planting row spacing is 7m×7m ~ 12m× 12m, and 70 ~ 200 plants are planted per hectare. When planting, the holes are mixed with decomposed organic matter, and orchard grass can be planted between plants.

Three. soil management

1. Soil sampling and analysis: soil sampling and analysis are conducted every year. The sampling method is to take the topsoil and subsoil (0-20cm and 20-40cm) at 10 ~ 12 in each park, and mix them into a unified sample for soil analysis, and improve and fertilize the soil according to the analysis results.

2. Soil improvement: persimmon trees are prone to root rot in acidic soil. When the soil PH value is too low, calcareous materials should be used for improvement. The calcareous material used can be bitter lime mixed with limestone powder, and the annual application amount is not more than 2000 kg per hectare. It should be applied by stages after fruit picking or dormancy to avoid the absorption of trace elements due to excessive change of pH value.

3. Organic matter application: persimmon trees are prone to root rot when soil organic matter is insufficient. In order to improve the content of soil organic matter, which is beneficial to the growth of root system, the decomposed organic matter with high carbon-nitrogen ratio should be applied to increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil condition and reduce the chance of root rot.

4. Planting grass: persimmon trees have low drought tolerance. In order to make persimmon trees grow well, in addition to deep ploughing and applying organic matter, the orchard should also plant grass, and cover hay under the crown after mowing regularly to prevent soil loss, improve soil fertility, increase soil water retention and drainage capacity, and prevent soil temperature from changing sharply.

Fourth, fruit drop prevention and control

Persimmon trees are prone to fruit drop, not only physically, but also later. Control methods include (1) providing pollination sources: Niuxin persimmon and Shishi persimmon are mostly female flowers, and grafting pollination branches can prevent fruit drop. At the same time, the fruit of Niuxin persimmon after pollination is long, round and large, but its disadvantage is that the pollinated fruit has seeds, which affects the yield of persimmon. (2) girdling: girdling the trunk or main branch before and after flowering can significantly improve the phenomenon of fruit dropping, which is a common method for night walkers at present. However, after its implementation, the root growth stopped, the tree vigor was weak, and the fruit coloring and quality were poor, which should be avoided. (3) Strengthening cultivation management: avoiding strong shearing to inhibit excessive growth of new shoots, controlling nitrogen fertilizer application and water regulation, and thinning buds and flowers to prevent excessive flowering are all helpful to prevent fruit drop.

There are three key points in the management of persimmon orchard in winter, namely, fattening, pruning and clearing the orchard.

Increasing fertilizer and improving soil

Persimmon is a deep-rooted tree species. It needs to expand holes, improve soil and increase fertilizer to make the tree grow vigorously. In winter, persimmon trees put into production should be enlarged to improve the soil. Hole length 1- 1.5m, hole width 0.4m, hole depth 0.4-0.5m ... When backfilling topsoil, apply soil miscellaneous fertilizer100-150kg or dried pig manure or mushroom soil100-/. , mixed with topsoil and filled in the lower layer, and the surface soil in the garden was used to fill the hole surface.

pollard

Adult trees with tall crowns or shaded branches put into production should be moderately retracted and pruned after defoliation in winter. Short branches should be used to prune dense branches, cross branches, clustered branches and diseased dead branches, so that the branches can be distributed reasonably and cut into reasonable tree potential.

A clear garden in winter

Winter pruning should thoroughly remove diseased fruits, diseased stems, dead branches and fallen leaves, and remove the source of overwintering pests and diseases. Persimmon trees seriously damaged by scale insects should be sprayed with 95% oil emulsion (acaricide) 150 times or Bomei 5% stone sulfur mixture for control before defoliation in winter and germination in spring.

Sweet persimmon cultivation:

Sweet persimmon is deeply loved by fruit farmers and fruit merchants because of its astringent taste, convenient eating and storage and transportation resistance. It has developed rapidly in recent years. Specific planting should pay attention to the following eight points:

First, choose the area suitable for growth: the temperature is too high, the taste is not good, the temperature is low, and the tree can't finish the astringency. Therefore, we should not blindly develop it, but plant it in suitable areas according to local conditions.

2. Variety selection: early, middle and late maturing varieties can be cultivated in proportion according to local site conditions and market conditions, and pollination trees can be planted.

Third, timely cultivation: it can be divided into two stages, the first stage is before the deciduous soil is frozen, and the second stage is after thawing to germination.

Fourth, pour enough planting water: persimmon trees have low permeability and capillary roots are easy to lose water. Planting water is the key to successful planting.

5. Grafting: The most commonly used method is budding with wood. The best grafting time is when the soil thaws, the sap flows and the roots begin to sprout. Try to avoid the rainy season in summer and finish grafting in early September.

Fertilization: Apply less chemical fertilizer and more farmyard manure to prevent fertilizer damage.

Seven, spraying: spraying light, commonly used pyrethroids or biological drugs, beware of drug harm.

Eight, pruning. Persimmon trees like light, and ventilation and light transmission are the key to growth and fruiting. Pruning must pay attention to nutrient accumulation and growth, so as to ensure the correct growth results.