Where is a good place to travel in Egypt?
Cairo, the capital of Egypt, straddles the Nile and is the political, economic and commercial center of the whole Middle East. It consists of Cairo, Giza and Qaljub provinces, commonly known as Grand Cairo. It is the largest city in Egypt and the Arab world and one of the oldest cities in the world. Cairo is a fascinating ancient capital of civilization. Modern civilization and ancient traditions coexist in this city. There are a large number of European-style buildings built in the early 20th century in the west of the city, while Arab ancient buildings dominate in the east. In Cairo, minarets are ubiquitous buildings. In Arabic, the minaret is called "Mijan", which refers to the place where the minaret stands and summons people to pray.
Alexandria is the largest seaport in Egypt, the second largest city in China, a historic city and a summer resort along the Mediterranean coast. It is located in the west of the Nile Delta, near the Mediterranean Sea, in the northernmost part of Egypt. The city was founded in 332 BC, and it was named after the occupation of Egypt by Alexander the Great, the Greek Macedonian king. In ancient and medieval times, it was a famous city. It used to be the political, economic, cultural and trade center along the Mediterranean coast, with many places of interest. Alexandria, with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, is Egypt's "summer capital" and summer resort, and is known as "Mediterranean bride" and "Egyptian bride". On the seaside avenue between Donggang Port and Caesar Palace, the street view in European architectural style is very interesting, as are the towering minarets and spherical roofs of mosques along the way.
Aswan is an important city in southern Egypt and the cleanest and most beautiful city in Egypt. Located on the east bank of the Nile 900 kilometers south of the capital Cairo, it is the gateway to southern Egypt-an important town for Egypt to trade with other African countries. It is also the gateway to Sudan. It is located on the east bank under the "first waterfall" of the Nile in the southeast, 900 kilometers away from Cairo. In history, Aswan used to be a distribution center for African trade, because the traffic on the Nile was blocked by rocks, and all goods had to be transported by land, not by water. There are a large number of temples and mausoleums in the city, such as the famous Philae Temple and Abu Simbel Temple. It is more suitable to go to Aswan in winter. Railways and highways connect Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, and there are many international airports.
That is, Jiulongtan is located at the foot of the main peak on the north side of Laojun Mountain in the southwest of Lidong County, Yunnan Province, 80 kilometers away from the county seat, belonging to the forest grade of Laojun Mountain forest area 16. There are dozens of lakes and swamps in the mountainous depression above 3800 meters above sea level on the northeast side of the main ridge line of Laojun Mountain, which is called "99 Longtan". On the way to Jiujiu Longtan, you will see nine strange stones. They are of different shapes, thick and mysterious, and the locals call them "Jiuzi Stone". Ninety-nine Longtan is also called "Three Eye Pond" because it is closely related to the three pools and the moon. At an altitude of 4247 meters, there are nearly 100 large and small ponds as clear as mirrors, which are connected into a scenic spot with considerable specifications, so it is called 99 Longtan. The pool water comes from melted snow in spring and rain in summer. Clear and cold, excellent water quality. After the lake overflows, it flows into the stream and forms a waterfall.
The Egyptian city of Giza is located on the left bank of the lower Nile, facing Cairo across the river and connected by a bridge. The population is 1.509 million (1.983). Grain distribution centers include textile, shoemaking, food, tobacco, chemistry and other industries. Cultural and educational undertakings are developed, including film studios, Arabic colleges and arts and crafts colleges. Tourist attractions, 8 kilometers south of the Libyan desert, are famous pyramids, the Sphinx and marble tombs. A city in western Germany. Located on the right bank of the Rhine River, 53 kilometers south of Frankfurt. The population is 72,000 (1984). It was first seen in Historical Records 1 197 and was founded in 1248. Transportation hub. The economic and commercial center of central Hesse. Industries are mainly metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, textiles, leather, tobacco, rubber and wine making.
Red sea coast
abstract
The narrow sea area between northeast Africa and Arabian Peninsula. It covers an area of about 450,000 square kilometers (174,000 square miles). The Red Sea extends southeast from Suez, Egypt to the Mande Strait, about 2 100 km long. The Mande Strait connects the Gulf of Aden and then leads to the Arabian Sea.
The widest point of the Red Sea is 306 kilometers (190 miles). Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia on the west bank face Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the east coast across the sea. At the northern end, the Red Sea is divided into two parts: the shallow Gulf of Suez in the northwest and the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast, with a water depth of 1, 676 meters (5,500 feet).
Traffic and geographical location
The main means of transportation on the Red Sea is the cruise ship Red Sea. There are buses, buses and taxis along the coast, and the traffic is very convenient. It is located between northeast Africa and Arabian Peninsula, and is long and narrow, with a length of 1.900 kilometers from northwest to southeast, a maximum width of 306 kilometers and an area of 450,000 square kilometers.
The northern end of the Red Sea is divided into two small bays, with Suez Bay in the west, which is connected with the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal which runs through the Suez Isthmus. To the east is the Gulf of Aqaba. The south is connected with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean through the Mande Strait. It is an important channel connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea. It is an important oil transportation channel. It has strategic value.
The climate of the Red Sea
The Red Sea is controlled by subtropical high and trade winds, forming a tropical desert climate with large evaporation, scarce precipitation and high temperature all year round. The climate of the Red Sea consists of two monsoon seasons, the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon. Monsoon is caused by the temperature difference between land and sea.
The Red Sea is one of the hottest and highest salinity oceans in the world. In summer, the average surface temperature is 26℃ in the north and 30℃ in the south, and the total average temperature is 22℃. The rainfall in the Red Sea and its surrounding areas is very low, only 0.03m per year. Generally speaking, it rains in the form of thunderstorms and sandstorms. Low rainfall and lack of fresh water injection lead to a net evaporation of 205 cm per year and high salinity.
Play and the best shopping time
1. Red Sea sightseeing, diving, fishing, sea sightseeing and other hydrophilic activities must be attended. The waves along the Red Sea coast are gentle and calm, which is an excellent place to carry out water leisure sports. There are many excellent beaches and sea amusement places in coastal cities such as Helgada and Sharm el-Sheikh. In addition, the Red Sea has many beautiful corals, colorful fish and all kinds of exotic marine life. It is rich in seabed resources, clear water and high visibility, making it one of the most suitable places for diving in the world.
2. The best time to travel to cities along the Red Sea, such as Hrga and Sharm el-Sheikh, is from June 5438 to May the following year, which is the best time to dive in the Red Sea. The weather is cool, the visibility of seawater is high and the water temperature is suitable for diving. At other times, when the wind and waves are heavy and the water is cold, you need to wear a thicker diving suit when diving.
Shopping introduction
Hrga is the main area where tourists from the Red Sea gather. There are several main shopping streets in the city center, including traditional markets and high-end boutiques. Tourists who like shopping can spend a lot of money. Generally speaking, papyrus handicrafts, ancient paintings, jewelry, wood products, coffee pots, spices and sculptures are all souvenirs worth buying.
Food introduction
1. The food style along the Red Sea coast has strong North African characteristics and Arabic customs. It is mainly roasted, roasted, boiled and mixed, and it is seasoned with salt, pepper, pepper, curry powder, cumin, lemon juice and tomato sauce. The most popular dishes here are seafood and fish dishes, roast mutton, cheese and other authentic dishes. The staple food is scones and bread, the desserts are Kunafa and Gaitaif, and rice is also eaten. But the rice here is very different from that in China, and many people in China are not used to it.
2. Pay attention to respect the local Islamic customs when eating, don't talk to people when eating, don't make a sound when drinking hot soup and drinks, don't come back after eating, don't touch tableware and food with your left hand, don't eat taboos such as pork, and don't eat uncooked dishes.
Red Sea Sharm el-Sheikh
Sharm el-Sheikh is located at the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula, near the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It was uninhabited for a long time in history. From 1967 to 1982, it was occupied by Israel and returned to Egypt according to the Camp David Agreement.
Sharm el-Sheikh is a famous tourist resort, which is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the two gold coasts of Suez Bay and Aqaba Bay meet here. There are soft beaches, warm sea water and plenty of sunshine all year round. The most fascinating scenery is the coral reef waters of the Red Sea, where there is almost no pollution. The Red Sea has the most suitable environment for coral growth. There are more than 200 kinds of coral reefs and living corals here, and many kinds of marine animals and plants inhabit coral reefs. The wonders of the sea floor are strange.
Thousands of tourists from all over the world come here for sightseeing every year. There are also diving exploration, windsurfing, beach cross-country and other tourism projects. Sharm el-Sheikh has an international airport, many hotels and tourist villages, and receives nearly 2 million tourists from all over the world every year.
ticket price
There are daily international express ferries between Hegada, which crosses the Red Sea, and Sharm el-Sheikh, Sinai Peninsula. You can also take a cruise to visit the scenery of the Red Sea. One-way fare 1.5 hours, one-way fare is 250 Egyptian pounds, and round-trip fare is 450 Egyptian pounds. Tickets for Egyptian locals are halved, tickets for children aged 3-65 are halved, and 438+02, children under 3 years old are free.
Red Sea Coast: Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai, also known as Mount Moses, is located in the middle of Sinai Peninsula with an altitude of 2285 meters. It is the holy mountain of Christianity, and Christians call it "the holy peak" devoutly.
According to the Bible, Moses was one of the twelve apostles of God. He led the Israelites out of Egypt, crossed the Red Sea and came to Sinai. On Mount Sinai, God gave Moses the "Ten Commandments", that is, the ten commandments that God's people must abide by, including not killing, not stealing, not coveting other people's property and so on. There is a temple on Mount Sinai to commemorate Moses' acceptance of God's commandments. This temple was built in 532 AD and has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. The existing temple was built in 1934, but the stone was still the stone when it was built in early 532 AD. At the foot of the mountain lies the most famous monastery in the world-St. Catherine's monastery, which is 1400 years ago. Although far away from the world, it is still full of incense, and thousands of believers and tourists come here for pilgrimage and sightseeing every year.
There is a form of pilgrimage in Mount Sinai that began in the 6th century: it started from Zahab in the early morning, 1.5 hours later, it arrived at St. Catherine's monastery at the foot of the mountain and began to climb the holy mountain. The journey to climb Mount Sinai winds up the hillside. The mountain road built in19th century is 8km long and has 3750 steps. After climbing to the top of the mountain, worship the temple and watch the sunrise. Because the top of the mountain is high in altitude and low in temperature, you must take enough clothes before you leave, or you can rent a camel for 20 yuan to go up the mountain.
Appearance:
Red sea diving
Strolling at the bottom of the Red Sea, surrounded by colorful corals, silver fish and mysterious shipwrecks ... The Red Sea region is a world-famous diving paradise with unique ecological environment and seawater resources. Hurgada, Sharm el-Sheikh, Safaga and other places have many places and diving institutions suitable for diving. Local hotels basically provide diving shuttle service. You can choose to dive on the shore or take a boat to the deep sea.
Cost:
Because 80% of local diving tourists come from Europe, most diving centers are denominated in euros and accept US dollars and Egyptian pounds, so it is more convenient to exchange some euros before diving.
Snorkeling/deep diving:
There are two kinds of diving in the Red Sea: snorkeling and deep diving. The former is to put on a life jacket, a diving mask and a breathing tube and float on the water for sightseeing. The latter needs to be fully armed, wear diving suits and bring oxygen bottles when diving in the deep sea. Under the guidance of the coach, they can dive into the water and visit the sunken ships. Deep diving trip 1 ~ 10 days, basically going out to sea 2 or 3 times a day. In addition, according to the time, there are day diving and night diving, and the fees are different.
Visitors who have received professional training had better show their relevant certificates. If you are a novice, you have to receive corresponding training before you can go to sea. Whether they have a diving license or not, the diving items and fees they can choose are different. Visitors can also choose to attend diving training courses here for 2 ~ 10 days, obtain corresponding training certificates, and participate in diving activities in open waters or advanced open waters.
Underwater photography:
The cameras and video cameras used for underwater shooting are very professional. Local diving companies provide photography services, and the fees are generally 30 ~ 50 euros.
Special instructions:
The equipment for diving in the Red Sea is very complete and complicated, including warm diving suits, masks, frog shoes, breathing tubes and gas cylinders, as well as counterweight lead blocks for adjusting buoyancy. These devices are insignificant in the buoyant Red Sea, but heavy on land, so be prepared before going into the sea or going ashore. In addition, there are a lot of rare corals and marine animals and plants on the seabed of the Red Sea, which must not be touched. First, there are invisible thorns on coral, which will make your hands feel tingly. Second, it is protected by local laws, and it is necessary to pay a fine for carrying and destroying underwater animals and plants.
Famous diving sites:
Careless reef
Location: 5 km north of Gifford Island.
Features: the visibility is 20m, the average diving depth is 20m and the deepest is 40m; You can see beautiful sea eels when diving.
How to get there: There are boats to Helgada and Sharm el-Sheikh.
Gifton diving area (Giftun Seghir)
Location: Located between the north bank of Hrga and the south bank of Givton Island.
Features: This is a diving area surrounded by many reefs, and it is the most famous diving tourist area in the area.
How to get there: There are boats to Helgada and Sharm el-Sheikh.
Recommended diving center:
Diving point
Address: Hurghada P.O. Box 2 19
Tel: 0020-65-34420 19
Cost reference: 25 euros for shore diving during the day (with a guide), 25 euros for shore diving at night (with a minimum of 4 people), 50 euros for sea diving 1 day (twice), 3 days for sea diving 140 euros (six times), and diving equipment rental (including masks, frog shoes, breathing tubes, buoyancy regulators, diving suits, etc. )
Diving world
Address: There are branches in Hrga, Sharm el-Sheikh and Safaga.
Tel: Helgada (0020-65-443582), Sharm el-Sheikh (0020-69-547556) and Safaga (0020-65-443582).
Fee reference: Sightseeing 20 Euros (no diving), 1 day diving 50 Euros (2 times), 3-day diving 135 Euros (6 times); 1 day diving into the sea without a license for 75 euros (2 times).
Others:
Tel: 0020-65-44378 1
Easy Diver Diving Center (Helgada) Tel: 0020-65-5488 16.
Dihuang Diver Tel: 0020-62-60 1734
St Catherine Abbey
St Catherine's Monastery is located at the foot of Mount Moses in Sinai Peninsula, which is the main road between east and west. It was built by monks who took refuge in Sinai in the 4th and 6th centuries to commemorate Catherine, a girl who died for her faith. Sinai Peninsula has always been a battleground for military strategists. After the 6th century AD, the Sinai Peninsula experienced several wars, but St Catherine's Monastery was intact. No matter during the Arab invasion, the Crusades, the Ottoman Empire, Napoleon's invasion, or even the Israeli occupation, the monastery was not destroyed and became one of the most famous monasteries in the area.
This monastery is large in scale and looks like an old castle from the outside. The main church of the monastery is a rectangular limestone building. The wooden door at the entrance of the church is made of Lebanese cedar, and there are reliefs of animals, flowers and leaves on the door, which is a masterpiece of a Byzantine artist. The Greek inscription on the lintel reads: "This is the gate of God, and justice will enter through it." In addition to the main church, there are many precious cultural relics preserved in the monastery, such as 2,000 sacred paintings, including nearly 3,000 manuscripts in Greek, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Latin, Armenian, Coptic and other languages 12, among which the oldest translation of the Bible, The Pentateuch of Moses, is rare in the world.
It is worth mentioning that there is also a special building in the monastery-1106. The Umma faction, the ruler of the Fatima dynasty in Egypt, built a Umma mosque in the monastery, but this mosque is no longer used. It has become a symbol of the harmonious coexistence of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and has been endowed with new special values.
There is a shuttle bus from Sharm el-Sheikh to Mount Sinai.
Tickets and opening hours
Admission: free.
Opening hours: 9: 00 ~ 12: 00, and the church is closed on Fridays and Saturdays.
Suez Canal
Suez Canal is the third grand canal in the world, with a total length of 167 km. This is a passage connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. 1869 was completed, and its navigation greatly shortened the long-distance navigation in the past and narrowed the distance between Egypt and Europe.
The Suez Canal was controlled by the great powers for a long time until 1956 was nationalized by Egyptian President Nasser. 1967 Egypt-Israel war led to the closure of the canal; President Sadat reopened the canal on 1975. At present, the Suez Canal is open for an average of 15 hours a day, with 90 ships passing through it, accounting for 14% of the world trade volume, and it is a major source of Egypt's fiscal revenue.
Suez canal today
The Suez Canal is also of great value in the economic development of Egypt. According to statistics, about 18000 ships from more than 100 countries and regions in the world pass through the canal every year. 70% of the oil exported from the Middle East to Western Europe is transported through the Suez Canal, and the goods transported through the Suez Canal account for 14% of world shipping's trade every year. Among the artificial canals suitable for maritime transportation in the world, Suez Canal ranks among the best, with many ships passing by and large freight volume. Suez Canal is the "lifeline" and "cash cow" of Egyptian economy. In the past, ship tolls, together with remittances, tourism and oil, have been the four pillars of Egypt's foreign exchange income for many years. Now the canal brings Egypt 2 million dollars in foreign exchange income every day. Ships crossing the canal pay tolls according to tonnage, as well as water diversion fees and navigation fees. 1993, the canal revenue reached1900 million dollars, and 1994 revenue exceeded 2 billion dollars.
Since 198 1 10, the electronic control system of Suez Canal has been put into use, which indicates that the canal management has entered a new modern era. It not only improves the safety of shipping, but also nearly doubles the capacity of the canal. Now more than 100 ships pass through this canal every day.
In order to meet the growing international shipping demand and earn more foreign exchange, the first phase of the second phase expansion plan of the Suez Canal was started at 1994, which widened the river surface of the canal from 265 meters to 4 15 meters and deepened the draft to 23.8 meters, enabling the 250,000-ton tanker to pass smoothly. This project will cost 654.38 billion US dollars, of which 75% will be borne by Egypt and 25% by Japan and Belgium. It can be expected that the completion of the second canal expansion project will play a greater role in international shipping and the development of Egypt's national economy.
In order to facilitate the traffic on both sides of the canal and supply water to Sinai Peninsula, the Ahmed hamdi Tunnel with a length of 5912m was built at 1980, which is an important link between Asia and Africa. A water pipeline is laid at the bottom of the tunnel to transport 34,000 cubic meters of Nile water to the arid and water-deficient Sinai Peninsula every day, and irrigate10.4 million hectares of land. The road in the tunnel is 7.5 meters wide and can pass 2000 cars per hour.