What was the lunar calendar of ancient Egypt based on?

First, the solar calendar is also called the solar calendar. Based on the fact that the earth revolves around the sun once a year, it is currently a common calendar in all countries of the world. This calendar was first used by western countries, so it is also called western calendar. In western countries, the solar calendar has a different time, and the beginning and month of a year are also different, which is easy to be confused. For example, ancient Egypt divided autumn into the beginning of a year; In the ancient Roman calendar, a year was 10 month. Julian calendar revised by Julius Caesar in 46 BC is the originator of the present solar calendar. The Gregorian calendar revised by Pope Gregory in A.D. 1582 is the present solar calendar.

The earth goes around the sun once, and the sun passes through the vernal equinox and then the vernal equinox, which lasts for 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. This year is called the year of the tropic of cancer. As a year, it must be a whole day. In ancient times, 365 days was regarded as a year. The extra 5 hours and 48 minutes every year add up to the second day of four years (23 hours 15 minutes and 4 seconds), so one day is added every four years as a leap day. A year with leap days is called leap year, and a year without leap days is called average year, with 366 days in leap year and 365 days in average year. But the leap day is only 23: 00, 15 minutes and 4 seconds, which is 44 minutes and 56 seconds short. The shortage of 25 leap (100 years) is 18 hours, which is about three-quarters of a day, so one leap is wasted every hundred years.

The Gregorian calendar is divided into 12 months every year, and the number of days in each month is different, including 3 1 day in the big month, 30 days in the small month, 28 days in February every year and 29 days in leap years. It can be seen that the solar calendar divides a year into 12 months, which is equivalent to dividing a year into 12 segments, which has nothing to do with the lunar operation. The big moon and the small moon in the solar calendar have certain rules, and the single month before July (including July) is the big moon; After August (including August), bimonthly is the big month. In order to facilitate memory, a formula is made as follows: 1, 357,800 wax (65,438+February), which is large every month; In 469 (referring to 1 1 month), there were 30 days in winter and only 28 days in February; Every leap day in four years, February must be added.

Second, the "lunar calendar" is also called the lunar calendar. It is based on the fact that the moon revolves around the earth for one month and the number of hours that the earth revolves around the sun for one year is actually equal to the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is a traditional calendar in China, with an average of 12 months a year, 30 days for the big month, 29 days for the small month, and 354 or 355 days for the whole year (which month is big and which month is small in a year varies from year to year). Because the average number of days in a year of this solar year is about 1 1 day, and it has accumulated to more than 33 days in three years. So 19 is just right to set seven leap months, and there are 383 or 384 days in a year with leap months. According to the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 solar terms, which is convenient for farming. Heavenly stems and earthly branches is used to match the calendar year, and it repeats every 60 years. According to legend, the China calendar began in the Xia Dynasty in China, so it is also called the Summer Calendar. Compared with the current calendar, it is also called the Old Calendar. It is generally believed that the lunar calendar is suitable for farmers' farming, also known as the "lunar calendar".

Third, "Zhou" is also called "worship" and "Zhou". In the ancient calendar of our country, twenty-eight lodges were arranged in the order of day, month, fire, water, wood, gold and earth, and seven days were a week, which was called "Seven Obsoleums". There is also a saying in the western calendar that there are seven days a week, which coincides with the "seven obsidians" in China. Later, according to international practice, seven consecutive days were used as the calculation unit of work, study and rest dates, called weeks. Because westerners worship gods, they go to church every Sunday to pray for God's blessing. Seven days later, it is Sunday, and after Sunday, it is Monday. . . So it's called "bye". Because the seventh day is a week, people are used to calling it "Monday and Tuesday" repeatedly, so it is also called "week".

It is very important for us to know the calendar knowledge and strengthen the concept of time to carry out our work in a planned way and improve our work efficiency. Time is fair to each of us. Let's make good use of every day.