The natural environment of Kamchatka California
The main rivers in the territory include the Kamchatka River, the Pinzhenna River, and the Avacha River. In addition, there are many lakes, some of which are formed in volcanic craters and calderas.
The climate of Kamchatka is a temperate monsoon climate, with a temperate continental climate in the center and a subarctic climate in the north. The average temperature in Kamchatka Peninsula in January is minus 13°C, and that of the adjacent continent is minus 25°C. The average temperature in July is 12°C, and the annual rainfall reaches 1,000 mm.
The northern part of the state is a permafrost zone with more than 400 glaciers. Most of the state's land is covered by small amounts of birch and coniferous forests (Mongolian larch, spruce, and fir). The land is podzolized soil, with red pine and alder trees growing on mountain slopes; in the north is a mossy tundra zone, with peat swamp soil. The total area of 200 nautical miles of economic waters around the peninsula is 2.5 million square kilometers. The west of Kamchatka Region is the West Kamchatka Plain, and the center is the Central Mountains (up to 3621 meters) and the Eastern Mountains (up to 2485 meters). There are more than 160 volcanoes in the state, 28 of which are active volcanoes (Klyu Chev volcano is the highest point in Kamchatka (4750 meters). In addition, there are many mineral springs, hot springs, and mud therapy lakes. Kamchatka is densely covered with rivers and mountain streams, with a total of 14,000. The main rivers are the Kamchatka River (a total length of 758 kilometers), the Pinzhenna River, and the Avacha River. In addition, there are many lakes. Some are formed in craters and calderas.
The surface structure of Kamchatka Peninsula is complex and there are several different landforms. Coupled with the volcanic activity process and the influence of the proximity to the ocean, it has formed special climate conditions that are very different from other parts of Russia. There are amazing things here in all four seasons: in winter, the cold in the northern part of the peninsula can reach minus 50 degrees, while in summer, you can sometimes enjoy sea bathing in the south of the island. The coastal zone of Kamchatka has a predominantly maritime climate, while the inland and northern areas have a continental climate. Cyclones have a strong influence on weather formation here, often causing snowfall and long-lasting storms.