Where is the Loyalty Palace in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom?
Zhongyi House is located in Northeast Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, adjacent to Humble Administrator's Garden. It is the residence of Li Xiucheng, the loyal monarch of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the peasant uprising regime in Qing Dynasty, the most complete building left by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in that year, and also the most complete peasant uprising army residence left in China history.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Loyalty Palace
Pinyin: Zhongwang House of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
English: former site of King Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Jingzhong
The gate of Zhongwangfu is now the exit of Suzhou Museum. On April 23rd (1June 2nd, 860), Li Xiucheng, the main military leader in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Chen Yucheng, another important general, led the Taiping Army to smash the Qing army's camp in the south of the Yangtze River for the second time, and then marched eastward to conquer Changzhou, Suzhou and Jiaxing. Li Xiucheng twice called the kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to hold a military meeting in the main hall of Zhongwangfu to direct the Taiping Army to carry out a large-scale armed revolutionary struggle. The buildings of Zhongwang Mansion in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom are magnificent and winding. Later, Li Hongzhang, the governor of Jiangsu Province who took this place as the official office, once felt that the Loyalty Palace was "a place he had never seen in his life". The architectural style of Zhongwangfu is small and exquisite in the south of the Yangtze River, which is completely opposite to the large royal gardens in the north, creating an atmosphere of "small bridges and flowing water". It mainly includes offices, residences, gardens and other parts. The main hall of Zhongwangfu is tall and spacious, and there is a cloister connecting the back porch in the north. The main hall, corridor and back porch are in the shape of "I", which are collectively called I-shaped halls. In the office building, there are still more than 400 square beautiful Liang Fang paintings, 9 vivid murals, and exquisite dragon and phoenix panes on the doors and windows of the hall. The last garden of Zhongwangfu, Humble Administrator's Garden, covers an area of 4.2 hectares and is one of the four classical gardens in China. There are some buildings in the park, such as Yulantang and Jianshan Building. Mountains and rivers set each other off, and trees set off, which makes tourists feel relaxed and happy as soon as they enter. The mansion is located on the left and right sides of the office and has been well preserved so far.
There are rich and colorful sculptures and paintings on the buildings of Zhongwangfu, among which the dragon and phoenix carvings are the main features, such as the stone lion in front of the gate and the dragon and phoenix carvings on 20 doors and windows of the I-shaped hall, the colored paintings on nine skirts in the back hall and the colored paintings on the front and rear beams and columns. The murals and colorful paintings of Zhong Wangfu are very distinctive. There are 9 murals painted on wooden boards, which are very rich in content, and most of them depict field scenery. There are many colorful paintings in Zhongwang House. On the five buildings from the gate to the back hall, there are more than 300 colorful paintings with patterns, flowers, birds, fish, insects and landscapes. These colorful paintings have a unique exquisite and unsurpassed artistic style of Soviet-style painting, which is of high value. In the history of our country, the ruins of the peasant revolution are so well preserved, and the Loyalty Palace is the only special case.
Zhong's architectural art style is unique. In front of the original gate, there were two drum-blowing pavilions, which stood opposite each other and were used by the band to play. There is a turret flying in the air on the iron gate on both sides of the city gate. According to research, this gate is several feet high and very solemn. However, this gate has been transformed by Li Hongzhang into an old-style yamen in the Qing Dynasty. The main hall, back porch and two halls in the mansion are well preserved so far. The main hall and the back porch form an "I" shape on the plane, which is called the I-shaped hall in the architectural history of China. This architectural form embodies the characteristics of the palace architecture of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The two sides of the main hall can set off the main position of the main hall. According to textual research, this architectural form is related to the need of a Taiping country to hold a meeting. There used to be a square five-story building in the mansion for military observation, but now it is gone.
The development of history
Luo Yuan Zhonggong
Zhongwangfu is located in Beisita Road (formerly Northeast Street) in Suzhou, and was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 196 1. In the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1June 860), in April, Zhongjun Li Xiucheng led the Taiping Army in June, and Zhongjun Li Xiucheng led the Taiping Army to conquer Suzhou. In the same year 10, the Humble Administrator's Garden base of Wu surname was rebuilt into Zhong, and its surname and its mansion were also included, and extended to the new place, forming a magnificent building complex including government offices, courtyards and gardens. In the winter of the second year of Tongzhi (1863 65438+ February), the Taiping Army withdrew from Suzhou, and Li Hongzhang was appointed as the governor of Jiangsu according to Zhongyi Palace. Tongzhi eleven years, changed to the Eight Banners Feng Zhi Hall. 1938, the Japanese puppet government entered Jiangsu province. 1946, National Institute of Social Education was used as a school building. 195 1 was placed under the Southern Jiangsu Cultural Relics Management Committee.
1In June, 860, Li Xiucheng led the Taiping Army to conquer Suzhou, and established a new province in southern Jiangsu, called Sufu Province, with Suzhou as its capital. In June+10 of the same year, hundreds of migrant workers were mobilized to build the Loyalty Palace on the basis of the confiscated Humble Administrator's Garden. Suzhou fell in February, 1863, and the renovation project of Zhongwangfu has not been completed, but it has begun to take shape.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Southern Jiangsu Cultural Relics Management Committee was established in Zhongwangfu, and the main buildings such as Zhongwangfu office were repaired. 1960 became the former site of Suzhou Museum. Since 198 1, the cultural relics authorities have allocated funds for the maintenance of Zhongwangfu buildings for many times, and taken protective measures such as fire prevention and termite prevention.
Introduction of scenic spots
Zhongwangfu big stage
The main body of Zhongyi Palace-Zhonglu government office was built in accordance with the regulations of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Later, although Li Hongzhang demolished the east-west Yuanmen, the turret and the advocacy pavilion, changed the gate to the style of the Qing government office and changed the painting of the dragon and phoenix patterns, the others remained the same. From south to north on the central axis are Zhaobi, Gate, Instrument Gate, Main Hall, Back Hall and Back Hall, with a depth of about 140m. The gate of Zhongwangfu is12.5m wide and10m deep. It used to rest on a single eaves, but later it was changed to a hard top. The front and rear eaves columns are provided with diaphragm beams, flat beams, three-parameter single-arch brackets, eaves trusses, corner beams, bucket arches, gold trusses and corner beams. Liang Fang's paintings are all painted, the traces of dragons and phoenixes are discernible, and the pillars are covered with bluestone. A partition wall is built between the secondary spines, and a masonry door is set in the bay to put drums and stones. The left and right wings of the gate are lined with eight-character walls, facing the stone lion in front. Drum-hugging stones and stone lions are exquisitely carved and imposing. The instrument door is hard-mountain, with three rooms 13.5 meters wide and 8.5 meters deep. The beams, squares and trusses are decorated with colored paintings. Behind the door is the slate courtyard, and the east and west corridors are seven wide and stand opposite each other. The main hall and the back hall are hard hilltops, each with three rooms wide, and are connected by five deep rolling sheds, so the plane is I-shaped, so it is commonly called I-shaped hall. The main hall is about 1 1 m high,17m wide and14.5m deep. The front porch has a flat beam, a row of three-liter bucket arches, and a cornice truss on it. T-shaped section is placed at the top of the column of the corridor, the eaves truss is tilted forward, and the moon beam is placed on the beam. There are fourteen long windows with begonia lattice between the steps, the skirt is embossed with Yunlong, and the fan boards are decorated with clouds and phoenix patterns. The beam frame structure in the hall is similar to that in the hall. The step columns, the gold columns and the awning porch are interspersed with each other, and the gold columns and the post-step columns are framed to connect the post-step eaves gallery. Screen doors are arranged between the rear step columns of the open room. The width of the back hall is14.2m, the depth is 6.2m, and there is a back porch. The beam frame is round, different from the main hall plane. The beams, beams and trusses between the main hall and the back hall are decorated with colorful paintings. There is a small courtyard between the back hall and the back hall, and the east and west hatchbacks are opposite. The back hall is difficult to reach the top of the mountain, just like the main hall. Three-room width14.6m, depth10m. There is a veranda in front, a square in front of the forehead, and a bucket arch of three liters. The colonnade has a T-shaped family with one side jumping out. A veranda is arranged between the step column and Huang Jinzhu, and a girder is arranged between Huang Jinzhu and the back step column. Eighteen screen doors are set between the back columns, and a pad is set between the purlin and the back purlin, which is divided into nine grids with guide rods. They are all painted with murals, with deer, cranes, tigers, leopards, lions, elephants, mandarin ducks, ribbon birds, white rabbits, cats and other birds and animals as the main content, with trees, stones, flowers and plants, each with its own meaning. The distance between the back eave column and the back step column is only 1 m, and the back eave is 7 meters high, which is 2 meters beyond the front porch truss, which is really rare. It turned out that this temple was dedicated to the heavenly father, brothers and God by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the place where the sacrificial ceremony was held was called "Temple" or "Tiantang Temple".
Zhong's Soviet-style painting is also a must. Not only a large number, but also a high artistic level, which is rare in the country. According to the investigation and statistics, there are 285 cotton-wrapped squares, 2 10 of Ruyitou and 495 painted squares, among which landscapes, flowers, birds, animals and gorgeous brocade patterns account for 3/4. Most of the materials used suggest that Fu Lushou is more than enough, and everything is exactly the same, which is the icing on the cake, such as Qian Bat (Quanfu) and White Deer (White Deer). Among them, the dragon and phoenix art mainly embodies the artistic characteristics of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. For example, the foreheads of the main entrance, the instrument door and the main hall, the step truss and the roof truss are painted with "Double Dragon Playing Beads", "Xiangyun Tuanlong", "Feng Danchao Yang" and "Phoenix Wearing Peony", etc., which have already been painted, and only two "Phoenix Wearing Peony" on the roof truss on the east and west sides of the main hall have survived to this day. Today, there are 343 painted squares, of which 323 are original works during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the rest were later altered. Su-style painting is famous for its elegance and beauty, and Zhong painting can be described as the representative work of Su-style painting in Qing Dynasty.