What is the difference between Tangling and Songling?
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China’s feudal society. From the establishment of the Tang Dynasty by Li Yuan to its demise, it went through three hundred years of history. During this period, China had twenty-one emperors, including Wu Zetian. Most of the twenty-one imperial tombs were built on the tops of the Guanzhong Basin, Loess Plains and Beishan Ridge in Shaanxi Province. This layout with mountains at the back, two wings spread out, facing the plains, and facing the capital Chang'an across the Wei River reflects the magnanimity of the Tang Dynasty. Especially the imperial mausoleums built against the mountains are even more majestic. The majestic and solitary main peak of the cemetery, the vast cemetery area, the huge tombs of royal relatives and ministers, and the majestic Shinto stone carvings make the imperial mausoleums of the Tang Dynasty occupy an important position in the history of Chinese imperial mausoleums just like the Tang Dynasty. It can be called the second development of Chinese imperial tombs after the Qin and Han Dynasties.
The most distinctive feature of the imperial tombs of the Tang Dynasty is that they are mausoleums because of the mountains, and they are magnificent. Another characteristic is that there are many ground-level buildings composed of palaces and pavilions in the mausoleum area; meritorious officials and royal relatives are buried with them; there are a large number of mausoleum stone carvings that are majestic and contemporary.
The main imperial tombs in the Tang Dynasty include: Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan’s Xianling Mausoleum, Taizong Li Shimin’s Zhaoling Mausoleum, Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi’s Qianling Mausoleum, Zhongzong Li Xian’s Dingling Mausoleum, Ruizhong Li Dan’s Qiaoling Mausoleum, The Tailing Mausoleum of Xuanzong Li Longji, the Jianling Tomb of Suzong Li Heng, the Yuanling Mausoleum of Daizong Li Yu, the Chongling Mausoleum of Dezong Li Shi, the Fengling Mausoleum of Shunzong Li Song, the Jingling Mausoleum of Xianzong Li Chun, and the Jingling Mausoleum of Mu Zong Li Heng. Guangling, Zhuangling of Jingzong Li Zhan, Zhangling of Wenzong Li Ang, Duanling of Wuzong Li Yan, Zhenling of Xuanzong Li Chen, Jianling of Yizong Li Que, and Jingling of Xizong Li Xuan.
Song Tomb is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located on the hills and flat land between the northern foot of Songshan Mountain and Luohe River in Gongyi City, Henan Province. The total area is about 30 square kilometers. It is located between Zhengzhou and Luoyang, with the Longhai Railway passing through it and the Kailuo Expressway running east to west. It has Song Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers and has beautiful scenery. It is known as "Born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, buried in Suzhou". Beimang is a geomantic treasure land.
Except for the 9 emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Hui and Qin emperors were captured and imprisoned by the Jin Dynasty in Mobei, 7 emperors and Zhao Hongyin (the father of Zhao Kuangyin), who was posthumously revered as Xuanzu, were buried here. It is known as the Seven Emperors and Eight Tombs in the world. According to the order of burial time, the order of the eight mausoleums is: Yongan Mausoleum of Song Xuanzu, Yongchang Mausoleum of Song Taizu, Yongxi Mausoleum of Song Taizong, Yongding Mausoleum of Song Zhenzong, Shuizhao Mausoleum of Song Renzong, Yonghou Mausoleum of Song Yingzong, Yongyu Mausoleum of Song Shenzong and Yongtai Mausoleum of Song Zhezong. Including concubines, royal families, princes, princes, grandsons, and famous heroes such as Gao Huaide, Zhao Pu, Cao Bin, Cai Qi, Kou Zhun, Bao Zheng, Di Qing, Yang Liulang, etc., there are nearly 1,000 mausoleums, which have been in operation for more than 160 years. For a long time, among the emperors and empress mausoleums of the Northern Song Dynasty, 8 emperor mausoleums are well preserved. The empress mausoleums are mainly distributed in the four mausoleum areas of Xicun, Caizhuang, Xiaoyi and Baling, covering an area of more than 30 square kilometers, forming a large-scale tomb. A huge and majestic group of royal tombs.
The imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty have a unified organizational system and the same plane layout. They all face south and are composed of four parts: the upper palace, the palace city, the underground palace and the lower palace. There are temples, temples and other buildings surrounding the cemetery. The palace and other buildings are filled with green pines and green cypresses, solemn and quiet. The Xicun Mausoleum District is located between Changfeng Village and Hutuo Village in the north of Xicun Township, including the Yong'an Mausoleum of Xuanzu Zhao Hongyin, the Yongchang Mausoleum of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and the Yongxi Mausoleum of Taizong Zhao Guangyi; the Caizhuang Mausoleum District is located in the north of Caizhuang and contains the Zhenzong Zhao Heng Mausoleum. Yongding Mausoleum; Xiaoyi Mausoleum District is located on the southwest side of the county, including Yongzhao Mausoleum of Renzong Zhao Zhen and Yonghou Mausoleum of Yingzong Zhao Shu; Baling Mausoleum District is located in the south of Baling Village, including Yongyu Mausoleum of Shenzong Zhao Xu and Zhezong Zhao Mausoleum. The warm Yongtai Mausoleum.
The Imperial Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty are also called the Liuling Tombs of the Song Dynasty because six emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty are buried there.
The Southern Song Dynasty lasted for 153 years. There were 9 emperors in total, the last 3 were minor emperors, and the first 6 emperors who actually reigned are all buried in the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Tomb Area in Paikou Village, Shaoxing County. .
Su Zijiang, the voluntary cultural conservator of Song Liuling, pointed to the clumps of ancient pine trees around and told us that there is an imperial mausoleum under each clump of ancient pine trees here.
We first found the tomb of Zhao Gou, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, in Nanling. Zhao Gou was also called Song Gaozong.
It was the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty who, together with Qin Hui, caused the unjust death of the national hero Yue Fei, who served the country loyally and loyally, on "unfounded" charges.
Not far from Gaozong’s Yongsi Mausoleum, we also found the Yongfu Mausoleum of Xiaozong. Xiaozong was the most outstanding political figure among the emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty. He vindicated Yue Fei’s unjust case.
Su Zijiang also told us that in 1971, when the tea garden where Gaozong's tomb was located was being built, the soil was plowed deeply. After digging 3 meters down, a large stone slab was found, which was as wide as a writing desk. It is 20 centimeters thick. There are stone tenons connecting the stone slabs in a neat row. They are probably the walls of the underground palace. They were not dug in at that time and are still buried under the tea garden. In 1974, a piece of land in front of the tea farm in Shaoxing County was transformed into a tea garden. When the soil was dug to a depth of more than 1 meter, two jars about 30 centimeters high filled with ancient copper coins from the Song Dynasty were dug out.
Deputy Director Ge Guoqing of the Shaoxing County Cultural Relics Protection and Management Institute also told us that based on extensive investigations in previous years, the institute collected and unearthed three tombstones related to the Liuling Tombs of the Song Dynasty, one of which is The tombstone of the Yongshao Mausoleum of Emperor Duzong of the Song Dynasty was found on a stone ridge in a field 1.5 kilometers away from the Yongshaoling Mausoleum. The tombstone of the Yongmao Mausoleum of Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty was collected from a farmer's home in Paikou Village. There was also a piece of land with only the words "Emperor's Mausoleum" on it. It was one kilometer east of Paikou Village. Farmers filled it under the ditch and rescued it after they found it. Now these three steles are stored in the Shaoxing County Cultural Relics Protection and Management Office.