What is the basis of vertical stratification of the atmosphere?

According to the vertical changes of physical properties such as composition, temperature and density, the World Meteorological Organization divides the whole earth's atmosphere into five layers, from bottom to top: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and escape layer.

1, troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere. Major atmospheric phenomena such as clouds, fog, rain and snow all appear in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude: because the troposphere mainly gets heat from the ground, the temperature decreases with altitude.

2.stratosphere

In the stratosphere, with the increase of altitude, the temperature initially remains the same or rises slightly. This temperature distribution in the stratosphere is related to its little influence by the ground temperature, especially the existence of a large amount of ozone that can directly absorb solar radiation.

3. Intermediate layer

The middle layer is about 80 kilometers from the top of the stratosphere. The characteristic of this layer is that the temperature drops rapidly with the increase of height, and there is quite strong vertical movement.

4. Warm layer

The warm layer is located above the top of the middle layer. In this layer, the temperature rises rapidly with the increase of height. This is because the solar ultraviolet radiation with the wavelength less than 0. 1.75 micron is absorbed by the atmospheric substances in this layer.

5. Escape layer

This is the highest layer of the atmosphere, also known as the outer layer. The temperature of this layer rarely changes with the increase of height. Because of the high temperature, the air particles move fast, and because they are far away from the center of the earth, the main feature of this layer is that atmospheric particles often escape to interstellar space, and this layer is the transition zone between the atmosphere and interstellar space.

Extended data

Three major air pollution

1. Global warming caused by the rising temperature due to a large amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels is harmful to sea level rise, land inundation and changing precipitation and dry and wet conditions everywhere.

2. HCFCs emitted by human using refrigeration equipment will destroy the ozone layer, endanger human health, and destroy the ecological environment and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

3. A large number of acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by burning minerals are converted into rainwater with H value less than 5.6, which is called acid rain, which will lead to acidification of rivers and lakes, soil acidification, harm to the growth of forests and crops, and corrosion of buildings and cultural relics.

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