Specific measures for greening and maintenance in summer in northern (Luoyang)
A) rainy weather, high air humidity, no need to water; B) In summer, the sunshine is fierce, the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and the water consumption is large, so the watering frequency and weight should be increased; C) After autumn, the light is weakened, and the water evaporation is less, so you can water less; D) Water can be used in semi-cool environment. B, according to the variety or growth period to determine the amount of water. A) xerophytes need more water, and deep-rooted plants can be watered less because of their strong drought; B) Shady plants need more water, and shallow-rooted plants are not drought-tolerant, so they should be watered more; C) Plants with long growth period grow slowly and need less water, so they can be watered less or not. The principles of the above watering amount and watering times are: soaking roots, layering and keeping the soil moist. If there is too much water in the soil, the soil permeability will be poor, thus inhibiting the growth of roots. 2. Fertilization operation There are many kinds of trees and flowers planted in the garden green space, including flowers, leaves, postures and fruits, as well as trees and shrubs, and the requirements for nutrients are different. A, street trees, shade trees, mainly observe the branches and leaves, posture, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to promote vigorous growth, lush branches and leaves, dark green leaves; B, flowers and fruit plants, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer before flowering to promote the growth of branches and leaves and lay the foundation for flowering; C, forming flower teeth, and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, wherein phosphorus is the main factor; D, trees need more nutrients in the vigorous growth period, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, but nitrogen fertilizer is still the main one; Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the late growth stage of trees to promote the safe overwintering of branches and tissues; E fertilizers are divided into inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Compost manure, human manure is organic fertilizer and slow release fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer belongs to inorganic fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. Use little or no fertilizer. Quick-acting fertilizer is easily absorbed by root system, and is often used as topdressing, and applied several days before application. Slow-release fertilizer, after being put into the soil, needs a period of time to be absorbed by the root system and must be applied two to three months in advance. 3. Plastic pruning operation Plastic pruning is an important maintenance measure in the process of garden cultivation. The shape, ornamental effect, growth, flowering and fruiting of trees need to be solved or adjusted by shaping and pruning. Trees should be pruned according to their habits and growth potential. If the trunk is strong, the trunk should be retained and shaped in a tower shape and a cone shape. If the trunk is weak, it is easy to form a cluster crown, which can be shaped into a sphere, a hemisphere or a natural happy shape. Here, we should consider the needs of the environmental landscape of the planting area. There are many ways of shaping and pruning, which should be considered according to the branching habits of trees, the needs of ornamental functions and natural conditions. A, plastic pruning method a) natural pruning: all kinds of trees have a certain tree shape, which maintains the original natural growth state of trees and can reflect the natural beauty of gardens, which is called natural pruning; B) Manual pruning: according to the needs of garden viewing, the crown is cut into various specific shapes, such as multilayer, spiral, semicircle or circle, single stem, double stem, bent stem, hanging, etc. C) Natural type and artificial mixed type: artificial shaping is carried out on the basis of natural crown to meet people's ornamental needs, such as cup shape, happy shape, head shape and cluster shape. B, shaping pruning time a) Dormancy pruning: pruning of deciduous trees from defoliation to spring germination is called dormancy pruning or winter pruning. During this period, the growth of trees stagnated, and most of the nutrients in trees returned to the roots. After pruning, the nutrient loss is the least, the wound is not easy to be infected and rotted by bacteria, and the influence on the authoritative growth is the least: b) Pruning in growing season is called growing season pruning or summer pruning. Evergreen trees have no obvious dormancy period, and pruning wounds in winter are not easy to heal. Vulnerable to freezing injury, it is usually pruned in summer. 4. Weeding and loosening the soil Weeding is to remove non-artificially planted grass under the crown (green belt), and the area depends on the need. In order to reduce the competition between grass and trees for water and nutrients in the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of trees; At the same time, weeding can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and eliminate the latent opportunities of pests and diseases. Loosening is to loosen the soil surface and make it loose and breathable, so as to achieve the purpose of water conservation, ventilation and humidification. 5. Insecticide control is the main measure to control pests and diseases, and scientific drug use is an important guarantee to improve the control effect; A) The right medicine: effective prevention and treatment is carried out according to the prevention and control objects, the performance of drugs and the use method; B) Timely application of pesticides: pay attention to observing and mastering the occurrence law of pests and diseases, and apply pesticides in time to achieve good control effect; C) Alternating use of drugs: Long-term use of a single drug is likely to cause drug resistance of pests and diseases, thus reducing the control effect, so various drugs should be used alternately; D) Safe drug use: strictly control the concentration and dosage of various drugs to prevent drug harm.
Second, the daily maintenance requirements of greening A. Concentrate on cultivating the same variety of flowers, and don't put them anywhere; B. it is necessary to know the positive plants and negative plants. Positive plants can bask in the sun all day, while negative plants can only bask in the sun in the morning and evening. "c. Take different measures to manage potted flowers according to their size, height and growth; D, watering different flowers and trees with different watering devices; Newly sown seeds and seedlings should be watered with fine holes, medium seedlings with coarse holes, and large woody seedlings with pipe sleeves and faucets. Pay attention to protect flowers and trees when watering, and avoid washing down plants and washing away mud; E. the amount of drenching water depends on the season, weather and flower varieties. Summer is rainy, sunny and rainy, cloudy and rainy, rainy and rainy. Varieties with strong drought resistance drench less water, and varieties that like humidity drench more water; F. Weeding should be timely, so as to achieve "early weeding, small weeding and large weeding". Don't let the future grass crowd flowers, and compete with them for glory, water and fertilizer. Weeds under trees, green belts and lawns should be cleared once every half month, weeds in flower beds should be cleared once a week, weeds in flowerpots should be cleared once every three days, and they should be cleaned up; G, loosen the soil and apply fertilizer in combination with weeding, and follow the principle of "diligent application and thin application" to avoid fertilizer damage caused by excessive fertilizer. Loosening and fertilizing flowers and trees once a season, applying 400-800g of compound fertilizer to each hole depending on the plant size, and covering the soil and spraying water after application; H. Lawn should be rolled and sheared frequently, once a month, and five to ten kilograms of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu, and then sprayed with water or applied after rain; First, the green belt and flowers and trees below two meters should be trimmed and reshaped once every six months; J. Keep the flowers growing normally and the leaves clean, and wipe the dust on the leaves once a week; K. Take effective measures to prevent and control pests and diseases in time, and don't let them spread. When spraying chemicals, a small number of spraying tests should be carried out before mastering the appropriate concentration of chemicals, so that a large number of chemicals can be applied, which not only eliminates pests and diseases, but also ensures the growth of flowers from being harmed. Spraying should be carried out according to the rules to ensure the safety of people and flowers; L. the green belt kills insects once every three days; Flower beds, flower pots and flower beds are insecticidal once every half month; Trees and lawns are insecticidal once a month.
Third, greening and beautification standards A, garden requirements A) Ground: no weeds, no dirt, no sundries, clean and smooth passages; B) flowerpot: flowers and trees of the same variety are stacked in an orderly manner, positive plants and negative plants are stacked separately, and there are no weeds and sundries in the pot, and there are no yellow leaves and large areas of insect spots on the leaves. Empty flowerpots are stacked according to the size, and there is no soil, no seedlings and no dead plants in the pots; C) Centralized placement of pesticides, materials and tools. B. Requirements for the periphery of the residential building a) Trees: there are no dead leaves on the trees, with unique shapes and no weeds and dirt around the ground; B) Green belt: neatly trimmed, with consistent height, densely planted, free of dead branches, yellow leaves and large insect spots, and free of weeds and sundries on the ground. C) Lawn: neatly trimmed, with a height of less than 5cm, densely planted, free of large-scale dead, and free of weeds and dirt; D) Tree pots: pruned in time, with the same height, no dead branches and yellow leaves, no weeds and dirt in the pots, and placed neatly; E) Flower beds: neatly trimmed, with the same height, without dead branches and yellow leaves, weeds and dirty sundries, neatly trimmed lawns, with the height below 5 cm, dense plants and no large area withering; F) Flower pots: neatly stacked, unique in shape and distinct in layers, with no yellow leaves on the leaves, no weeds and sundries in the pots, and no soil, seedlings and dead plants in the pots.