Main attractions of Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve in Dali
Cangshan consists of 19 peaks, and the highest peak, Malong Peak, is 4 122 meters above sea level. There is snow all year round here, and there is a moraine lake on the top of the mountain. Melting snow between every two peaks forms a stream. There are eighteen streams in Cangshan, which flow eastward and all flow into Erhai Lake. The stream is clear and flows all year round, forming waterfalls and springs. The majestic Diancang Mountain has always been famous for its clouds, snow, springs and rocks.
Cangshan's wonderful cloud scenery makes people feel relaxed and happy. There was a poem "Look at the clouds after the rain in Qiu Lai, and the sky will bring jade up the mountain" to praise the beautiful cloud scenery in Dali. Cangshan Cloud Scenery, with endless changes, is imaginative. "Wang Mi Yun" and "Jade Belt Cloud" are the most spectacular. At the turn of winter and spring every year, a lonely white cloud often appears on the peak of Jade Bureau, fluttering up and down. Then it turned into a dark cloud, shaped like a woman dressed in black. At this time, the wind was blowing hard and the lake was rough. Legend has it that during Nanzhao period, Princess Afeng fell in love with hunters. The king called the wizard to turn the hunter into a stone mule and sank into Erhai Lake. After the princess died, she turned into a white cloud and vowed to blow dry the sea and find the hunter. This is "Wang Fuyun". When "Wang Miyun" appeared, the wind roared and the Erhai Lake was rough, making it impossible for ships to sail, so it was also called "Wuduyun". After the rain in summer and autumn, white clouds often appear on the 19th peak of Cangshan Mountain, and the clouds gather and slowly pull apart, just like a white jade belt across the verdant mountainside, which is called "jade belt cloud". Strangely, the "jade belt cloud" will herald a bumper harvest in agriculture: it appears many times and the weather was fine that year. There is an agricultural proverb of the local Bai people: "Cangshan is a jade belt, and hungry dogs eat white rice."
Cangshan's climate is unpredictable and belongs to the vertical climate of the mountain. The top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round and the foot of the mountain is green and red. The snow in Cangshan, wrapped in silver, is white and crystal clear in the sun. There are many praises and folktales about Cangshan Snow by scholars in past dynasties. Li Yuanyang, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, once praised: "Snow in the clear sky, the 19th peak of Yaotai".
Cangshan spring is also famous. There are many alpine moraine lakes on the top of the 19th peak at an altitude of more than 3,800 meters, which were left by glaciers in the 4th century. There are also eighteen streams, waterfalls and springs, which flow all the year round. Under the nourishment of pure and sweet water, Cangshan is full of vitality. The moraine lake is densely covered with virgin forests and many rare trees, with exotic flowers and herbs, and Cangshan Rhododendron is even more famous.
Cangshan's stones are famous at home and abroad. Marble is the soul of Cangshan. This magnificent stone is found in many parts of the world. It is the most wonderful beauty in Dali, and it was developed early. Therefore, all these strange stones in the world are called "marble", and "Dali" is also famous for its stones.
Daiyuyun Tour Road in Cangshan Mountain is located at the mountainside of Cangshan Mountain at an altitude of 2,600 meters. From Xiaocen Peak in the north to El Nino Peak in the south. The middle of the road is paved with bluestone slabs and cobblestones on both sides. The roadside is made of stone strips as kerbs and equipped with drainage ditches. Dai Yunyun's tour of Cangshan Mountain is like a silver line, which connects the highest Cangshan TV relay station in Yunnan with Taoxi, Zhonghedian, Yanfengdong, Longyandong, Qilongnvchi, Qingbi Stream and Gantong Temple in the Mid-levels. Cangshan Mountain does not belong to the category of "male, strange, dangerous and steep". Its beauty lies in the moving legends of the 19th Peak and 18th Stream, the Danfeng Eye Cave and Longyan Cave, the historic General Cave, Nanzhao Dehua Monument, Gantong Temple, Cangshan Temple and other cultural relics. Its beauty lies in the cuckoo in Tongshan; Its beauty is on the road, with the feeling of "a jade belt floating in the air".
The beauty of Cangshan Mountain lies in the continuous winding of the 19th peak, with clouds and snow, so you don't have to look at it at four o'clock. "Eighteen streams between peaks", hanging waterfalls, utilitarian distribution; Of course, its beauty lies in the "Wang Mi Yun" lingering around the Jade Bureau Peak. If you don't climb the five mountains, you won't know the grandeur of the white mountain; You didn't feel the delicacy of the mountain until you reached the sky. Yang Sheng 'an, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, also said, "Looking up to heaven makes you feel refreshed."
Cangshan Mountain is rich in vegetation, including spruce, pine, cypress, bamboo, camellia, rhododendron and orchid, which makes Huashan Mountain more beautiful and becomes an important tourism resource. Cangshan Mountain is also rich in valuable medicinal materials such as Codonopsis pilosula, Qin Gui, Fritillaria, Radix Aucklandiae and so on, which provides rich material resources for Dali's economic construction. During the Quaternary, Cangshan Glacier was widely developed. Li Siguang, a famous geologist in China, named the last ice age of the Quaternary Great Ice Age in eastern China after Dali, which was about in the late Pleistocene (654.38 million+years ago), which can correspond to the Yumu Ice Age in the European Alps and the White Ice Age in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Cangshan still retains relatively complete glacial remains such as ice bucket, ice valley, blade ridge and tinder, which were mainly formed in this ice age.
Ximatan on the north side of Yujufeng is a typical ice bucket with an altitude of 3920 meters. It is semi-circular, surrounded by steep rock walls on three sides, and there is a raised rock ridge at the opening. The depression at the bottom of the ice bucket became an ice bucket lake after the glacier retreated, with a diameter of about 70 meters and a water depth of 0.5 ~ 1.5 meters. The water is clear as a mirror.
The specialty Gaosha tea and the famous Xuecha near Bingdou Lake. There are many glacial valley, and there are relics in the 18 stream with an altitude of more than 3 100m. The larger one belongs to Wanxi River, and the most typical one is Qingbixi between Malong Peak and Yuju Peak. Above the altitude of 3 100m, several valleys are connected with the main valley, forming a compound valley glacier. Every glacial valley has several levels of ice barriers, including steep rock walls and flat valleys, with a loose layer of sediment remaining on them.
At an altitude of more than 3,700 meters, tinder and sharp edges can be seen everywhere. Jiziba (3 150m above sea level), Xiaohuaban (3260m above sea level) and Huahuanba (2900m above sea level) to the west of Yunnong Peak used to be glacial lakes, but the water surface disappeared and became flat dams. Ximatan is located at the junction of Cangshan Jade Bureau Peak and Longquan Peak, with an altitude of 3,920 meters, and is known as the "Lake on the Peak". In fact, Ximatan is more than 20 meters away from the summit. Cangshan is a famous lake with high altitude, clear water quality and unique features. It is an alpine lake with excellent scenery at the top of Cangshan Mountain. According to legend, when Kublai Khan conquered Dali in Yuan Shizu, he led troops over Cangshan Mountain and stationed here to wash horses, hence the name Ximatan. Ximatan is located at the junction of Cangshan Jade Bureau Peak and Longquan Peak, with an altitude of 3,920 meters, and is known as the "Lake on the Peak". In fact, Ximatan is more than 20 meters away from the summit. Cangshan is a famous lake with high altitude, clear water quality and unique features. It is an alpine lake with excellent scenery at the top of Cangshan Mountain. According to legend, when Kublai Khan conquered Dali in Yuan Shizu, he led troops over Cangshan Mountain and stationed here to wash horses, hence the name Ximatan. Ximatan, with an area of about 4,500 square meters and a depth of about 65,438 0.5 meters, belongs to the alpine moraine lake in the Little Ice Age of Dali in Quaternary. According to Li Yuanyang's "Diancang Mountain", "The evil dragon is Yunnan, and its mountain is like Fufeng Taiyi, with a rich river on it, surrounded by thousands of steps and five In the snow prestige. "Fenghe refers to Ximatan. It is said that this is the place where Guanyin raises black dragons. Black Dragon lives in the hot springs west of Shimonoseki in spring and summer, and in Ximatan in autumn and winter, so Ximatan is also called "Longtan". Some people will say that the water in Ximatan is black, which is related to the black dragon living here. Careful observation shows that the bottom and periphery of Ximatan are covered with very thin blue-black slate, which is obviously not natural, but artificial. According to historical records, Ximatan was called "Gaohe" in ancient times and was a water conservancy project facility in Nanzhao period. During the prosperous years of Nanzhao, Sheng Jun, the general of Nanzhao King, built this alpine reservoir here to irrigate farmland with mountain springs. This was a great project at that time, so there is also a record in the Nanzhao Dehua Monument that "the cold plain plateau is only a field of rice and millet". Up to now, there are still ancient engineering relics around the pool and on the nearby mountains.
The mountains around Ximatan are covered with alpine rhododendron bushes shaped like dragons, and the slopes under the pool are tall and straight alpine fir forest belts and bamboo forest belts. At the turn of spring and summer, azaleas are in full bloom and the lake is colorful. Looking down from the top of the mountain, there are blue-black fir and green bamboo on one side, and mottled blue-gray rock peaks and stone screens on the other. The 100-meter-long Xima Beach in Fiona Fang is like the sky falling from the top of your head. There are clusters of pink and purple primroses, yellow and white flowers and colorful dragon claw flowers on the side of the stream and the grassy slope, making it a colorful garden in the mountains. Because the water quality of Ximatan is clear and spotless, the history book records that "there are fallen leaves on the water and birds need to take them away". Climb about 3 kilometers north along Ximatan, and you can reach Cangshan TV Station. This section of the road is mostly a peak made of granite, and plants such as lichen, snow tea and cabbage are attached to the rock. There is also a wild vegetable with purple stems and green leaves. Because Ximatan was called "Gaohe" in ancient times, it was named "Gaohe Cuisine". Pickled Gaohe cuisine is spicy and refreshing, and its aroma is refreshing. Has pharmacological effects of stimulating appetite, invigorating spleen, and refreshing brain. This is a wild and precious dish. It is said that this dish is only available in Cangshan Ximatan area.
Walking from Ximatan to the top of the mountain, you can overlook the mountains, rivers and rural villages in Yangbi County in the west. To the east, you can see several mountains like a trickle, among which Jizu Mountain stands; To the north, you can see the snow in Yulong Snow Mountain, which is really an ideal place for tourists to enjoy the plateau scenery. Zhonghe Temple, located in the pine forest on the mountainside of Zhonghe Peak in Cangshan Mountain, is the highest Taoist temple in the west of Dali ancient city, which consists of Juxian Building, Gong Ling Palace, Huangyuting and other temples. There is a stone gate in the south of the temple, two rocks are opposite, and a stream flows out of it, which is called "Double Stone Gate". There is spring water flowing from the stone behind the temple, which is called "Liuquan Peak". Zhonghe Hall was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated many times in the Qing Dynasty, enjoying a high reputation in western Yunnan.
Michelle Ye, Emperor Kangxi, wrote a plaque for the temple, which read "Yunnan Clouds Gongji". Juxian Building has a long couplet inscribed by Dali scholar Zhou Ren;
Before the towering 19th peak, the mountains and rivers are still swaying. Within 120 miles, the towers are locked and the waves are endless. More importantly, there is snow in Cangling, the Hull River is swift, the jade belt is clear, and Jinsuo Smoke Island overlooks the building. The body is suspected to be in the painting.
Changlian summarizes Dali's long history and scenic spots. After reading it, visitors can get to know Dali for the first time. During the Bingwu period of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1906), scholar Zhou Xia wrote an inscription for the temple "Grand View of Mountains and Seas". In the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19), Yuan Jiagu, the top scholar in Yunnan, and Li Genyuan, the top scholar, respectively carved the stone characters of "Harmony and Great Religion" and "Majestic Exclusion" on the stone wall behind the temple.
Every year, the ninth day of the first lunar month is the Christmas day of the Jade Emperor, and the local Bai people hold a rally in the temple, commonly known as the "Songhua Festival". The crowd who caught up with the temple fair was very lively in Yunyong Temple.
On the Double Ninth Festival, 10,000 people climb here to compete for beauty. Usually, it is often used as a destination for people to hold mountaineering competitions.
In May, 1996, neutralization of the lower section of Cangshan cableway was completed. Every day, there is an endless stream of Chinese and foreign tourists visiting Zhonghe Temple. Walking on the jade belt, through the forest, through the valley, wading through the Qingxi, listening to the birds and enjoying the mountains have all become very relaxed. It can be said that jade belt is the best way to enter Cangshan and know Cangshan. At present, Yunyou Road in Cangshan Jade Belt starts from Cangshan Malong Peak in the south, passes through Longxi, Yujufeng, Lvyuxi, Longquan Peak, Xi Zhong, Zhonghefeng, Taoxi, Guanyin Peak and Meixi, and ends at Leying Peak. In the future, the two ends of this Jade Belt Road will continue to extend, thus connecting more tourist attractions in Cangshan.
Dai Yuyun Tour Road is a tourist road specially designed for pedestrians. Because only on foot can you appreciate the picturesque scenery in the depths of Cangshan Mountain.
At present, the main scenic spots of Yunyou Road in Cangshan Jade Belt are: Qingbi Stream, Dragon Riding Female Pool, Yanfeng Cave, Zhonghedian, Biyutan and Huanglong Cave.
Perhaps some tourists are interested in the origin of the poetic jade belt cloud tour road. If you have read some natural and cultural materials about Dali, you will know that the cloud scene in Dali is a unique natural landscape between Cangshan and Erhai. Among them, the most famous ones are "Wang Mi Yun" and "Jade Belt Cloud" because of legends and stories. Jade belt cloud landscape appeared in late summer and early autumn. Every morning, on the mountainside of the 19th peak of Cangshan Mountain, a long white cloud floats like a long belt for a long time, and the scene is amazing. The reason is that the warm water vapor in Erhai Lake rises slowly according to Cangshan Mountain. On the mountainside, cold air slowly sinking from the top of the mountain condenses into clouds. Once the air pressure is balanced, the magical landscape of jade belt clouds will appear. According to local folklore, this is a ribbon left by a fairy when she sneaked down Cangshan and Erhai to enjoy the beautiful scenery on earth.
It is also said that wherever there is a cloud jade belt, high-quality marble is buried, because these marbles have been turned into "jade" by fairies. Li Yuanyang, a Bai scholar known as one of the "seven sons of Yunnan" in the Ming Dynasty, also described the phenomenon of "jade belt clouds" in Cangshan in his "Notes on Diancang Mountain": "At the turn of summer and autumn, the mountainside is shrouded in clouds and cut like jade belts, which is quite spectacular. In the past, there was a poem:' Heaven will seal the mountain with jade belts', saying that heaven will also be fixed. " It is believed that the jade belt cloud phenomenon in Cangshan Mountain is made in heaven. At this point, we can think like this: since Cangshan has jade belt clouds,
Then the best name of this hiking road built halfway up Cangshan Mountain is of course Dai Yuyun Tour Road. In summer and autumn, if you travel in Jade Belt, you may still be a fairy in the cloud world, and you are on cloud nine. Yanfeng Cave and Longyan Cave are located in the middle of Longquan Peak in Cangshan Mountain.
Phoenix Cave is on Putuo Cliff, flanked by Wan Ren Cliff and the green Yuxi in the abyss. Putuo cliff is like a phoenix flapping its wings. On the outer wall of the cave, the predecessors wrote the words "Don't stay long", and when they came to Yanfeng Cave, they gave people a feeling of exploration and "Don't stay long", which made people think deeply. The access to the Danfeng Eye Cave is a natural wall seam with a "cliff leading to a line", which looks like an open Danfeng Eye, so it is called "Danfeng Eye Cave". When you enter the Danfengyan Cave, you first pass the "flying stone", then the stone dome door, then the Putuo precipice, and climb the precipice, that is, you enter the "Danfengyan", and you will be suddenly enlightened. If you enter the Heavenly Palace, the bluestone is majestic and deep, which makes people feel chestnut. There are many stone carvings inscribed by predecessors on the right. There is also a cliff on the left. In the lower part of the cliff, there is a prominent and smooth big bluestone, which is more than ten feet long and five or six feet wide. Shaped like a bed, the common name is "fairy bed". There are many stone carvings inscribed by predecessors on the bed wall, among which "this place is not human" and "you should know that there will be one day" are engraved, which makes people moved and deeply moved. Most tourists rest in fairy beds and watch the scenery. In feudal times, young men and women often jumped off cliffs in order to resist feudal arranged marriages, hence the name "Snake Cliff".
On the top of the wall of the immortal bed, there are also eight exquisite pavilions named "Xifo Pavilion", each of which is carved with a stone statue of an immortal with the word "Huixian Bridge" beside it. If you want to see the Eight Immortals, you can only see the whole picture of the Eight Immortals by sitting on the immortal bed and looking up, so this scene is called "looking up at the Eight Immortals". When you get out of the Danfengyan Cave, walk up the stone road leading to the secluded path of Banli Road, and you can reach the Longyan Cave. Located on the Jasper Cliff, the Dragon Cave is one of the ten scenic spots in Yu Ye, which was called "Jasper embedded in Rock" in ancient times. Yang Qikun, the official of Nanzhao Qingping, has a poem praising: "The sky is gone, and the fog is phoenix grass;" I once rode a phoenix to Xiao Dan, and the green-winged flowers left an empty valley. "
Jasper Cliff stands on the green bank of Yuxi, just like a green dragon whistling in the sky. The longan cave is at the entrance of the green dragon head, so it is named Longyan Cave. Two stone strips are placed on the hanging rock at the entrance to form a stone bridge, which is called Xianren Bridge. Seven characters are engraved on the marble railing at the bridge head: "Ascend to heaven from Zjeb". After crossing Xianren Bridge, pass a stone ladder road, buckle the cave on the cliff, cross the mouse road dug on the cliff, reach Tian Xuanting and Wendi Pavilion in turn, and then cross the marble wall frame to reach the Jade Emperor Pavilion at the top of the cliff. There are three small halls under the Jade Emperor Pavilion, and the middle hall is engraved with the inscription of rebuilding Yanfeng Cave and Longyandong Cave in Qing Dynasty. Jade Emperor Pavilion is the highest and most dangerous. It is called Lingxiao Hall. Here, you can overlook the rippling Erhai Lake and the magnificent Hongsheng Temple Tower, and enjoy the scenery of snow clouds under your feet. Entering this place is like being in an emerald palace, especially a fairyland. Located between Malong Peak and Jade Bureau Peak, Riding Dragon Girl Lake is an important scenic spot to visit Cangshan Jade Belt Yunyou Road.
The scenery of Diancang Mountain is famous for its clouds, forests, snow, springs, rocks and flowers. Among the "springs", the dragon riding pool can be said to be the least known. Due to the steep terrain and high altitude, there are few tourists here. It was not until 1994 that the Jade Belt Cloud Tour Road was built on the mountainside where the Jade Belt Cloud originated at an altitude of 2,600 meters that tourists suddenly discovered the natural beauty of Qilong Nvtan.
Yunyou Road in Jade Belt starts from Qingbi Stream of Malong Peak in the south and reaches Meixi of Leying Peak in the north, with a length of 18km and a width of 2m, connecting many scenic spots in Cangshan. Visitors can walk on the Yunyou Road in Jade Belt, where they can see the strange peaks and rocks of Cangshan Mountain and Linquan Waterfall. Take the cable car from Cangshan to Zhonghe Hall, and then go south to Yunyou Road in Dai Yu. All the way around, bypassing the Zhonghe Peak, Longquan Peak and Yuju Peak of Cangshan, and crossing two respectable bays, Xi Zhong and Lvyuxi. The journey is about six or seven kilometers, and I came to Longxi between Yujufeng and Malong Peak. The water in Longxi is unusually cold, which comes from the dragon riding pool.
The beauty of the scenery of Qilongnvtan is unique because of its deep mountains, and it is unique in Cangshan Group Creek. The characteristics of female pool riding dragon are different from other springs in Cangshan. To sum up, it is strange, beautiful, clear and quiet.
Qiqi Dragon Girl Pool is located between Cangshan Malong Peak and Jade Bureau Peak. Malong Peak is the highest peak among Cangshan 19 peaks, with an altitude of 4 1.22 meters, and the mountain is magnificent. Jade Bureau Peak is the place where the legendary "Wang Mi Yun" rises, shrouded in a magical color. The seven dragons female pool is sandwiched between two fantastic male peaks, and its geographical location is naturally particularly eye-catching. In addition, the surrounding boulders are all kinds of strange shapes. The water in the pool is smaller than that in the pool, and the scenery is more peculiar than that in the pool. It is said that this is the place where the seven dragon girls bathe, and it is really a fantastic scenic spot.
The running water in the seven dragons female pool is very exciting. Because the gap between the seven ponds is not big, the water twists and turns, or flows slowly on the rocks, or slides down in front of the ponds, or flows into streams, or gathers into ponds, all of which embody the word "xiu". The seven dragons female pool is an ideal place for taking a nap and eating. Sitting on the floor of a stone recess next to the pool, watching a clear stream slide across the stone, the gesture of the water flow is indescribable. The texture of water is very delicate, as if it had been polished on rocks by water for thousands of years. Looking at the clear water on the stone is a kind of beautiful enjoyment.
The water in the pool is very clear. Yi Long female pool is as clear as satin, Erlong female pool is as clear as emerald, Sanlong female pool is as clear as thin ice, Si Long female pool is as clear as crystal, Wulong female pool is as clear as mercury, Liulong female pool is as shallow as moonlight, and Qilong female pool is as deep as mountain stream, just like a cup of mellow wine. Each pool of water stimulates the senses of tourists with different water colors, leaving it to your imagination. The word "bead curtain" carved by modern people on the stone near Wulong Nvtan vividly depicts the shape of the waterfall on the stone of Wulong Nvtan.
Hidden in the depths of the seven dragons female pool between Malong Peak and Jade Bureau Peak, the scenery is deep. Walking along the stream between boulders, the sound of water surrounds your ears, and the winding path is secluded, which makes people relaxed and happy. In particular, the seven dragons female pool is hidden in the deep valley between the two mountains, and the pool water shines with deep and mysterious light under the mapping of the skylight. On the nearby stone wall, someone carved the word "lost soul", the meaning of which is self-evident.
Between Cang 'er and Er 'er, it was Zeguo in ancient times, and there are many legends about dragons. Many springs and pools in Diancang Mountain are named after dragons, such as Ximatan between Jade Bureau Peak and Longquan Peak, which was called "Dragon Pool" in ancient times. Huanglongtan, Heilongtan and Shuanglongtan between Sanyangfeng and Lanfeng are all related to dragons. It is said that the black dragon in Black Dragon Pool is a male dragon, and the yellow dragon in Yellow Dragon Pool is a female dragon. The seven dragon girls are the daughters of the black dragon and the yellow dragon. They often come here to take a bath without telling their parents. The eldest daughter is tall and naturally lives in the largest women's pool in Yi Long. The following sisters choose the remaining pools in order of age. The seven dragon girls are the youngest and shy, hiding in the seven dragon girls pool in the deepest part of the mountain stream to take a bath. When the seven dragon girls took a bath, the jade belt floated in Cangshan, which was made by connecting their belts after they were untied. The Jade Belt Yunyou Road, which tourists pass by, is where the Seven Dragon Girls hang their belts. [cy_page]
Baizhangyan bridge
Yanqiao is now the site of Xueshan River Power Station. The stone bridge was originally a bridge composed of several wooden cross frames at both ends of the ravine. Now a new concrete bridge has been built, with a length of10.7m and a width of 2.5m, with guardrails on both sides.
There is a book on the bridge: a rainbow falls from the sky and crosses the earth, and the bottom of thousands of feet cliff is clear and straight. The canyon is steep and secluded, and the snow ridge Yuquan contains pearls. Stone bridge is a typical valley landform, with a length of about 1800 m, a width of 3 m and a valley depth of 150-200 m. At the bottom of the valley, the streams are gurgling and the waterfalls are roaring. The sky at the top of the valley is shrouded in a faint sky and the cold is attacking people. The rock is covered with moss, and plants such as wild plantains grow on the rock wall. The whole valley makes people feel deep and unpredictable.