Technical catalogue of inhalable particulate matter
Absorbent slurry fully contacts and mixes with flue gas, so that sulfur dioxide in flue gas reacts with calcium carbonate (or calcium hydroxide) in slurry and blown oxygen-containing air to be removed, and finally the desulfurization by-product is calcium sulfate dihydrate, namely gypsum. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally greater than
95%, up to more than 98%; SO2 emission concentration is generally less than
100 mg/m3, with a maximum of less than 50 mg/m3. Unit investment is roughly
150~250 yuan/kw; Operating costs are generally lower than 1.5 minutes/kwh. Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization by Two-phase Rectification in Coal-fired Power Plant The second thermal power plant is installed between the inlet of desulfurization absorption tower and the first spray layer.
Porous sheet equipment makes the flow field distribution of flue gas entering the absorption tower more uniform after passing through the equipment, and at the same time, the flue gas collides with the slurry film formed on the equipment, which promotes the reaction of gas-liquid two-phase medium and achieves the purpose of removing part of SO2. This technology combines spray tower and bubble tower technology, which has obvious effect on improving desulfurization efficiency and reducing slurry circulation, and is especially suitable for desulfurization standard reconstruction projects. The two-phase rectifier can improve the desulfurization efficiency of the system by 20%~30%, and the overall desulfurization efficiency can reach over 97%. The resistance is 600Pa~700Pa, and the unit investment is about 3~6 yuan.
/kWh, the power consumption is reduced by about 250 ~ 850 kwh/h. Calcium carbide slag of coal-fired power station boiler 3 coal-fired boiler
-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology uses carbide slag as desulfurization absorbent and absorbs it in the absorption tower.
The reagent slurry fully contacts and mixes with the flue gas, and the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the calcium hydroxide in the slurry and the blown oxidizing air to be removed, and the final desulfurization by-product is calcium sulfate dihydrate, namely gypsum. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally above 95%, and the highest can reach above 98%. The emission concentration of SO2 is generally less than 100mg/Nm3, and can reach below 50mg/Nm3. The unit investment is roughly 150~250 yuan/kw; Operating costs are usually lower than
1.35 minutes/kwh. 4 coal-fired power plant boiler circulating fluidized bed drying method
/Semi-dry flue gas desulfurization and dust removal and multi-pollutant synergistic purification technology is based on the principle of circulating fluidized bed, through the recycling of materials,
The absorbent, adsorbent and circulating ash in the reaction tower form a dense bed state, and water is sprayed into the reaction tower to reverse various pollutants in the flue gas.
Chemical reaction or physical adsorption should take place in the tower; Purified by the reaction tower
The flue gas enters the downstream dust collector to further purify the flue gas. Smoking at this time
SO2 and almost all acidic components such as SO3, HCl and HF in the solution are absorbed and removed, resulting in by-products such as CaSO3 1/2 H2O and CaSO4 1/2 H2O. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally greater than 90%, which can be achieved
More than 98%; SO2 emission concentration is generally less than 100mg/m3, which can reach
Less than 50 mg/m3; The unit investment is roughly 150~250 yuan/kw; exist
Without adding any adsorbent and denitration agent, the operating cost is generally 0.8~ 1.2 min /kWh. Coal-fired utility boilers II. Key technologies of flue gas emission control in industrial boilers and kilns 2 1 Limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization technology uses limestone as desulfurization absorbent and absorbs it in the absorption tower.
The reagent slurry fully contacts and mixes with the flue gas, and the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with calcium carbonate (or calcium hydroxide) in the slurry and the blown oxidizing air to be removed, and the final desulfurization by-product is calcium sulfate dihydrate, namely gypsum. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally greater than 95%, which can be achieved.
More than 98%; SO2 emission concentration is generally less than 100mg/m3, which can reach
Less than 50 mg/m3; The unit investment is roughly 150~250 yuan /kW or
15 ~ 250,000 yuan /m2 sintering area; Operating costs are generally lower than 1.5.
/kWh. Industrial boiler/steel sintering flue gas 22 Calcium carbide slag-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology takes calcium carbide slag as desulfurization absorbent and absorbs it in the absorption tower.
The reagent slurry fully contacts and mixes with the flue gas, and the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the calcium hydroxide in the slurry and the blown oxidizing air to be removed, and the final desulfurization by-product is calcium sulfate dihydrate, namely gypsum. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally above 95%, and the highest can reach above 98%. The emission concentration of SO2 is generally less than 100mg/Nm3, and can reach below 50mg/Nm3. The unit investment is roughly 150~250 yuan/kw; Operating costs are usually lower than
1.35 minutes/kwh. White mud-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology for industrial boilers 23 uses white mud as desulfurization absorbent. In the absorption tower, the absorbent
The slurry fully contacts and mixes with the flue gas, and the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reacts with calcium carbonate (or sodium hydroxide) in the slurry and the blown oxidizing air to be removed, and the final desulfurization by-product is calcium sulfate dihydrate, namely gypsum. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally above 95%, and the highest can reach above 98%. The emission concentration of SO2 is less than 100mg/Nm3, and can reach below 50mg/Nm3; The unit investment is roughly 150~250 yuan/kw; Operating costs are generally lower than 1.35 minutes/kwh. Circulating fluidized bed desulfurization technology for sintering flue gas of industrial boiler 24 steel: quicklime is digested and introduced into desulfurization tower to be mixed with flue gas in fluidized state.
After desulfurization, the introduced flue gas enters the bag dust collector for dust removal, and then is exhausted by the induced draft fan through the chimney. Most of the materials removed by the bag filter are returned to the fluidized bed for recycling through the absorbent circulating transport tank. The desulfurization rate of this technology is slightly lower than that of wet method, with high utilization rate of absorbent, compact structure, simple operation, reliable operation, solid desulfurization product, no pulping system, no secondary pollution, small volume of desulfurization tower, low investment and difficult blockage. Almost all acidic components such as SO2 and SO3, HCl and HF in flue gas are absorbed and removed, resulting in by-products such as caso31/2h2o and caso41/2h2o. The desulfurization efficiency of this technology is generally more than 95%, which can reach more than 98%; SO2 emission concentration is generally less than
100mg/m3, up to below 50mg/m3; The unit investment is roughly 1.5 ~ 0.2 million/m2; Without adding any adsorbent and denitration agent, the operating cost is generally lower than 5~9 yuan/ton sinter. The new technology of catalytic flue gas desulfurization of iron and steel sintering flue gas 25 adopts a new low temperature catalyst, and the flue gas emission temperature is 80~200℃
At this temperature, SO2, H2O and O2 in the flue gas are selectively adsorbed in the micropores of the catalyst, and colored petrochemicals are generated through the catalytic reaction of active components.
Industrial boiler/
Furnace and kiln (including III. Typical key technologies for purification of toxic and harmful industrial waste gas 4 1 volatile organic gases)
(VOCs) Cyclic Desorption, Split-stream Recovery, Adsorption Purification Technology adopts activated carbon as adsorbent and is heated by inert gas circulation.
Desorption, split-flow condensation and recovery processes are used to purify and recover organic gases. The recovered liquid can be recycled by the subsequent refining process. The purification and recovery efficiency of organic gas components by this technology is generally above 90%, and can also reach above 95%. The unit investment is about 900,000 ~ 240,000 yuan/thousand (m3h- 1), and the cost of recovering organic matter is about 700 ~ 3,000 yuan/ton. Petrochemical, pharmaceutical, printing, surface coating, coating, etc. 42 high efficiency adsorption-desorption
-(heat storage) catalytic combustion
VOCs treatment technology adopts activated carbon fiber, granular carbon and honeycomb carbon with high adsorption performance.
VOCs in industrial waste gas are enriched by solid adsorption materials such as monolithic molecular sieve with high temperature and high humidity resistance. The adsorbed saturated materials undergo enhanced desorption process, and the desorbed VOCs enter the high-efficiency catalytic material bed for catalytic combustion or regenerative catalytic combustion process, thus degrading VOCs. The VOCs removal efficiency of this technology is generally above 95%, and the highest can reach above 98%. Adsorption and recovery of activated carbon in petroleum, chemical, electronics, machinery, paint and other industries
VOCs technology uses activated carbon (granular carbon, activated carbon, activated carbon), which has excellent adsorption and analytical performance.
Natural carbon fiber and honeycomb activated carbon) are used as adsorbents to absorb the organic waste gas produced in the production process of enterprises, and the organic solvent is recovered and reused to realize clean production and resource recycling of organic waste gas. Exhaust air volume: 800~40000m3/h, waste gas concentration: 3~ 150g/m3. Packaging and printing, stone materials
Manufacturing, coating, spinning and container spraying of crude drugs for oil, chemical raw materials and chemicals. The key technology of automobile exhaust emission control 59. The catalytic purification technology of gasoline vehicle exhaust adopts a fully Pd three-way catalyst with optimized formula and vacuum adsorption.
The core components of automobile exhaust purifier were prepared by honeycomb catalyst positioning coating technology. Vacuum coating technology can accurately control the coating amount of catalyst and effectively improve the consistency of products. The Pd content of all-Pd catalyst is in the range of 1~3g/L according to different engine models, which can reduce the cost by more than 50% compared with the common Pd-Pt-Rh three-way catalyst used in the same engine. The purifier produced by using this catalyst and coating technology can purify more than 95% of CO, HC and nitrogen oxides in automobile exhaust at the same time, and the service life of the catalyst exceeds 6,543,800 kilometers, which meets the requirements of national exhaust emission standards above VI. Treatment of automobile exhaust pollutants V. Key technologies for purification of typical air pollutants in living rooms and public places 64 Central air conditioning air purification units and indoor air purification technologies for different places, fans and/or different central air conditioning units.
Adjust the system, set filters and purification components, filter, adsorption,
A variety of purification technologies, such as (photo) catalysis, antibacterial/sterilization, realize the comprehensive adjustment of indoor temperature and air quality. Purification of indoor air in living rooms and public places. Purification technology of harmful microorganisms in indoor air development of silver ion antibacterial agent supported on layered materials.
It has good antibacterial performance and solves the problem of silver ion discoloration when used at high temperature. The invention has a good antibacterial effect on indoor common harmful microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Legionella, and also has a good inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis. Indoor air purification in living rooms and public places. Key technologies of unorganized emission source control 69 comprehensive dust suppression technologies mainly include key technologies such as biological nano-film dust suppression technology, cloud dust suppression technology and wet dust removal technology. Biological nano-film is a kind of double-layer ionospheric film with nanometer spacing, which can maximize the ductility of water molecules and has strong charge adsorption. Spraying biological nano-film on the surface of the material can attract and condense small particle dust, which will be polymerized into large particle dust, which will increase its own weight and settle; The highest dust removal rate of this technology can reach above 99%, and the average operating cost is 0.05~0.5 yuan/ton. Cloud dust suppression technology can produce ultra-fine dry fog of 1μm~ 100μm through high-pressure ionization and ultrasonic atomization. Ultra-fine dry mist particles are fine, and the contact area with dust particles is sufficiently increased, so that water mist particles collide with dust particles and condense to form agglomerates, and the agglomerates become larger and heavier until they finally settle naturally, thus achieving the purpose of eliminating dust; 30%~40% of the generated dry fog particles are below 2.5μm, which has obvious prevention and control effect on atmospheric fine particle pollution. Wet dust removal technology absorbs air with dust through pressure drop, and removes dust under the dual effects of centrifugal force and mixing of water and dust gas; Unique impeller and other key designs can provide higher dust removal efficiency. It is suitable for the production, processing, transportation, loading and unloading of bulk materials in mines, buildings, quarries, yards, ports, thermal power plants, steel plants, garbage recycling and other places. Seven. Key Technologies of Monitoring, Simulation and Decision Support of Atmospheric Composite Pollution 7 1 Rapid Online Monitoring System for Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds. The ambient air is collected by the sampling system and enters the concentration system.
At low temperature, volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere are frozen and trapped in an empty capillary column. Then it was quickly heated and desorbed, and then it entered the analysis system. After separation by chromatographic column, it was detected by FID and MS detector. The system is also equipped with automatic blowback and automatic calibration procedures, and the whole process is automatically completed by software control. The main features of the system are: natural cascade proton ultra-low temperature refrigeration system, self-developed temperature measurement technology, dual-channel inert sampling system, deactivated capillary capture, double chromatographic column separation, FID and MS dual detectors detection. The system can be used for on-line continuous monitoring and testing, and also for emergency detection (field sampling of sampling tanks). The system can detect 99 kinds of VOCs (hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds containing oxygen) through unified sampling, which can meet the long-term monitoring requirements of VOCs in ambient air in China. Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring 72 Integrated On-line Monitoring Technology of Atmospheric Fine Particles and Their Gaseous Precursors; A kind of self-recognition is designed and developed by using a variety of quick interface combinations.
The intellectual property "Integrated Online Monitoring System for Atmospheric Fine Particles and Their Gaseous Precursors" realizes the synchronous online monitoring of the water-soluble chemical components of atmospheric fine particles and their gaseous precursors, including gaseous HCl, HONO, HNO3,
Sulfuric acid, fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and WSOC in aerosol.
- - 2-
Through the analysis of various elements in atmospheric fine particles, the rapid on-line detection of various elements in atmospheric fine particles is realized. A component analysis device of fine particulate matter samples with different particle sizes was designed and developed, which was used to analyze the source and transformation process of fine particulate matter in the air, provide basic data for the coordinated control of air pollution areas, and provide scientific basis and monitoring technology for the formulation of regional air fine particulate matter pollution control measures. Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring 73 Comprehensive online monitoring instrument and calibration technology for nitrogen oxides and their photochemical products in the atmosphere; The accurate measurement of NO2 was developed by using photolysis technology and surface chemistry method.
Combined with the traditional chemiluminescence technology, a set of technical system which can accurately determine NO, NO2, PAN and PPN was established. The developed dynamic zero-point chemiluminescence module for NO measurement, NO2 photodegradation module and molybdenum catalytic conversion module are integrated to make an integrated prototype, which can simultaneously and accurately measure NO, NO2 and NOy in atmospheric samples online. It provides reliable technical methods and instruments and equipment products suitable for national conditions for evaluating the accurate measurement of nitrogen-containing atmospheric active components' contribution to O3 and the further evolution of their products. Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring 74 Rapid On-line Monitoring Technology of Atmospheric Fine Particles and Ultrafine Particles Aiming at the technical requirements of three-dimensional on-line monitoring of regional atmospheric particles,
In this paper, the in-situ rapid determination technology of physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles and ultrafine particles in atmospheric composite pollution is studied, and the real atmospheric environment monitoring of atmospheric PM2.5 mass concentration is completed based on the oscillating balance particle mass concentration monitor of "weighing method". Eight. Key technologies of cleaner production 88 Clean combustion technology of replacing oil with coal water slurry Clean combustion technology of replacing oil with coal water slurry is to grind coal into fine powder and water.
It is mixed with a small amount of additives to form suspended high-concentration slurry, which is transported and stored in a closed manner like oil, transported by a pump, and sprayed into the boiler furnace by a nozzle for atomized suspension combustion, with high combustion efficiency. This is a new technology of replacing oil with coal. In the pulping process, it is necessary to purify coal and treat various power station boilers, industrial boilers and industrial furnaces.
This paper briefly discusses the coal-fired industrial process as an example.
The median particle size of fly ash in flue gas discharged from coal-fired power stations and industrial boilers is 3.8 microns and 7.5 microns respectively. The efficiency of collecting particles smaller than 1μm by traditional dust collector is very low, because the applied dust removal principles such as gravity sedimentation, inertial sedimentation and electrophoresis have no obvious effect on particles within this particle size range. In traditional dust removal methods, the removal efficiency of fine particles by inertia method and cyclone method is only 20-40%.
Electrostatic precipitator, Venturi precipitator and bag precipitator have better removal effect on fine particles. For electrostatic precipitation with a total efficiency of 97%, the classification efficiency of 0-5 micron particle size is only 90%, and the classification efficiency of Venturi dust collector and bag dust collector is 94-95%, which are lower than the total efficiency.
The study also shows that the fly ash particles themselves, especially the iron particles, have a strong ability to capture fine fly ash and have obvious self-removal effect. Some scholars have used pulse discharge technology to remove fine particles and achieved certain results.
At present, there is no mature technology to control the emission of ultra-fine particles in coal-fired flue gas at home and abroad, so it is urgent to develop practical ultra-fine fly ash removal technology at home and abroad, and it is even more urgent for China to be a big coal-fired country.
From the perspective of sustainable development, coal combustion and pollution control is a complex system engineering, which is closely related to the formation and burial of coal, the characteristics of coal resources, coal combustion, the disposal of combustion products and pollution control, and is an interrelated whole. The core of its research is not only the physical and chemical transformation behavior of organic and inorganic components in coal under different environmental conditions, but also the purpose of its research is to make full use of the evolution process of these substances which are beneficial to human development and turn the unfavorable into favorable or control the unfavorable direction as much as possible.
Generally speaking, the treatment of ultrafine particles during coal combustion is a multidisciplinary basic research and technology development field. Vigorously carrying out the treatment of ultrafine particles not only has great economic benefits, but also has potential environmental and social benefits.
The treatment of ultrafine particles during coal combustion is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
⑴ Improvement of online testing technology. This is an important basis for studying the formation, emission and treatment of ultrafine particles.
⑵ Study the ways and means to break away from convention. Due to the microscopic and complex nature of ultrafine particles, their chemical and kinetic behaviors are very special, so it is necessary to establish new research ideas and seek new research methods, which is more conducive to solving problems.
(3) In addition to the above two points, the state's support in laws, regulations and policies is also crucial.