What does the enlightenment of Chinese studies include? What are the benefits of studying?
1, the scope of Chinese studies
The Minimum Bibliography of China Studies (Hu Shi)
This book is written by Tsinghua University Hu Jundun Yuan and others. They are all teenagers who are preparing to study abroad. I really want to gain common sense of national heritage in a short time. Therefore, when I draw up this bibliography, I don't consider people who have the foundation of Chinese studies, but only ordinary young people who want a little knowledge of Chinese studies.
He first listed more than 100 books, and then asked to delete them, saying that the following books could not be saved:
Bibliography Q&A, Hokkekyo, Zuo Zhuan, China Dictionary of Names, Amitabha Sutra, Selected Works, Nine Classics, Tanjing, Yuefu Poetry Collection, Outline of China's Philosophy History, Song and Yuan Learning Cases, Tang Poems, Lao Zi, Ming Confucianism Cases, Song Notes, Four Books. An Introduction to Academic Studies in Qing Dynasty, Notes of Huainanzi, Chronicle of Zhang Shizhai, Outlaws of the Marsh, Rites of Rites, Notes of Cui Dongbi, Journey to the West, Lun Heng, Research on New Learning and Pseudo Classics, Scholars, Buddhist Scriptures, Biography of Poetry, and A Dream of Red Mansions.
In a word, "Sinology" should include excellent cultures spread in China for thousands of years: subsets of classics and history, poems and songs, couplets and idioms, Chyi Chin calligraphy and painting, folk songs and ballads, and Indian Buddhism and western culture imported into this long river later.
2. My understanding of the enlightenment of Chinese studies.
1) Let students have a certain understanding of the Chinese language and its wonderful combination, and then really like the Chinese language and characters.
2) Guide students to enter the elegant door of the traditional excellent culture of the motherland, and be willing and try to find a way to "enter the classroom".
3) Enlighten and guide students to worship culture, be impetuous and calm.
4) Help students complete lifelong early cultural accumulation (before the age of thirteen).
5) Cultivate as many "little gentlemen" as possible who are not only knowledgeable but also literate.
First, the significance of the enlightenment course of Chinese studies
1, "master" and "fame" and "family"
Most people who are called "home" have profound cultural connotations. Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen, Su, Hua, Zhang Daqian, ... have no profound cultural background, so they can only be craftsmen. Even if the opportunity comes, the skilled craftsmen among them may become famous, or even become a smash hit, but they are still craftsmen. The craftsman seeks skill, and the home seeks Tao. Zhuangzi said through my mouth, "Those who are kind to me are also good at Tao and skill." This is the difference.
2. Sinology is a part of quality education in the true sense, and it is the comprehensive quality of humanities.
About "philosophy is the crystallization of natural science and social science, and it is the generalization and summary of natural science and social science". The thoughts of various schools in Chinese studies are unique philosophical thoughts, which can cultivate people's comprehensive humanistic quality. Are people with good quality still afraid of exams or competitions?
3. Chinese studies treat the symptoms rather than the root cause.
"I'm not teaching you to cure diseases, I'm telling you how not to get sick." The enlightenment of Chinese studies is not to teach children to get high marks in recent exams, but to help them stay aloof all their lives.
Second, what to teach in the enlightenment course of Chinese studies (every Thursday 15 weeks * * * 60 hours per semester)
Grade one: Zeng Guang Xian Wen Zhu Zi's family training disciple, three-character classics, 40 fables and allusions (original text), 60 idioms, 600 commonly used words, and 30 grammars of Qionglin's poems in past dynasties.
Grade two: Collect thousands of famous words, dragon prose, whip shadow, Analects of Confucius, the doctrine of the mean, mountain and sea news, Meng Pian's sentence, 120 ancient poems, 900 idioms, rhymes and 60 common words.
Grade three: Book of Changes, Laozi and Zhuangzi Mozi's Book of Rites, hundreds of poems, idioms of past dynasties 120, 900 commonly used words and principles of Li Weng's couplets.
Grade 4: Poems of Guiguzi's grandson Mozi Xunzi, Han Feizi and Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period 120 Idioms 900 poems and 60 groups of common sense words.
Grade 5: History of Warring States Policy (notes, family, biographies excerpts) (original story) Biography of Celebrities after Song Dynasty (original excerpts) 120 ancient poems, 900 idioms and 60 groups of words.
Sixth grade: Comment on Xu Xiake's travel notes "Compendium of Materia Medica" (excerpt): Note "Notes of Liaozhai Caotang", with 30 poems, 0/20 idioms and 900 idioms.
Third, the basic situation of the current enlightenment course of Chinese studies
Answer: "Children, repeat after me!" "
Dressing: pretending, shaking your head and wearing ancient costumes; Pretending to be beautifully dressed, dancing with ancient music and hundreds of people.
It's better than not learning, but is it really "I will gradually understand and feel with the passage of time and personal growth"?
The background and conditions have changed: traffic, play, burden, rules. So "Lv Chunqiu? Cha Jin said: The world changes with time. If you don't change with time, you will only make jokes.
Fourthly, Hui experts in Chinese studies conducted the enlightenment education of Chinese studies in this way.
"Take the law and get it; Take the method and you will get it; If you take the law, it will not work. "
Talk-try to combine students' knowledge base, life experience and social reality closely and explain them in simple terms.
Q 1: How can "learning from time to time" be "not saying (please) it"? How boring reviewing is!
A: I have read The Journey to the West several times. For the first time, I found it very interesting. The second time, I found out why many monsters are related to gods, buddhas and bodhisattvas. The third time, I found that the Jade Emperor was the great leader who sent monkeys to look after peaches ... Do you think "Yue" is worth saying? ……
Q 2: Why is it a pleasure to have friends from afar?
Answer junior students: Is it worthwhile for children to come all the way to discuss homework, oral dialogue and recite poems in competitions?
Answer middle school students: learning to communicate is good for both sides. You know one question, he knows one, he teaches you, you teach him, and everyone knows two questions, unlike exchanging pencils or just having a pen.
Answer senior three students: learning without friends is ignorance.
Why do you say "people don't know and don't care" is a "gentleman"?
A "gentleman" refers to an educated and knowledgeable person.
Answer a junior: You can answer a question. If the teacher doesn't ask you to answer it, you don't care. You are a little gentleman.
Answer middle school students: the school selects people to participate in a certain competition. This is your strength, but you are not angry. You are a gentleman.
Answer the senior: Some people have no talent, but some people complain about others and some people accept it frankly. Who do you think has self-restraint?
"I have never seen such a good virtue as lewdness."
Before speaking, the children pointed around the word "lewd" and talked and laughed. I told them: "color" means appearance, "virtue" means advocating virtue, and "lust" means paying attention to appearance. Confucius said, "I have never seen virtue as it looks." In other words, people pay more attention to appearance than virtue.
"Boring!" A little guy muttered.
A similar situation happens when you talk about "blood gas is uncertain when you are young, so you should quit."
Discussion-try to help students understand the original intention correctly, internalize it into their own ideological system, stimulate their potential, form new potential, and enjoy it for life.
Who is Confucius?
I told junior children that Confucius was a teacher, but he was very old, more than two thousand years old.
I told the middle-grade children that Confucius was a teacher and the first private school in China. His students number 3000.
Senior students asked me: what kind of person is an educator? Why is Confucius called a saint? I said, teach a child to know a word called teacher, teach a child how to use this word to call a teacher, and teach a child to use this word on himself for others to imitate, as an educator; Especially sacred. Confucius is no ordinary teacher. Just looking at the subjects he teaches: etiquette, music, books, numbers, archery, bending (that is, six arts), it is beyond the reach of ordinary teachers. Some people say that a teacher who can teach anything can't teach anything well. In fact, this is true for ordinary teachers, but not for special people. So Confucius also said: A gentleman is incompetent.
Why are the ancients so homesick?
Q: Why did the ancients love homesickness so much? It seems pretty miserable.
You live in Beijing. Do your grandparents live elsewhere? What is their physical condition? How's life? Now as soon as I think of it, I'll call to solve the problem immediately. But what about the ancients? Ji Xiaolan is from Hejian, Hebei. Now he takes a bus. What happened between the two places will take him several hours. But what about him? It takes three days to ride a horse in a carriage! Because he is a big official, he can change horses and chariots at any time along the way. For example, it will take at least a few days to notice what happened at home, so you can imagine that Li Bai went from Sichuan to Xi' an and Meng Haoran went from Hubei to Xi' an ... Maybe he was fine when he left, and something happened a few days later. At that time, there was no special post office, and letters were brought by acquaintances. It takes months or even years to bring a letter. Can you think about it? So Du Fu said that "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold".
Q: Why did Confucius scold his students so severely? Isn't he a saint?
A: Confucius, a saint, was held higher and higher in later generations. At that time, he was just a teacher and principal running a special class. The direction of this special class is middle and senior management, and Fan Chi asked for a while to grow crops and vegetables. Old Master Q has long felt a little annoyed at his lack of ambition; Now Jae-woo is sleeping in broad daylight (he can't study at night) and was hit by an old gentleman. Who will you scold if you don't scold him? There is nothing to scold!
Original: 1. Fan Chi invited him to learn about crops, and Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old farmer." Please learn to be a nursery and say, "I am not as good as the old nursery." Confucius said, "Fan Chi is a villain, and so is Xu Fan! If you give a good gift, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; If you are just, then the people dare not refuse; If you keep the letter, people will not dare to be heartless. If the husband is like this, then the people in all directions are responsible for their sons; How to use crops! "
2, slaughter to sleep. Confucius said, "Rotten wood can't be carved, nor can the wall of dung be carved." : What is the punishment? Confucius said, "I started with others. I listened to what they said and believed what they did." "Today, I am a man. I listen to him and watch his actions. Giving and changing are. "
Reciting-through special methods, try to let students basically finish what they need to recite in class, and only need to be familiar with it after class.
Introduce the forgetting rule by trying to repeat words-eliminating reciting.
Use-try to inspire students to use relevant famous sayings and idioms in their life language and composition.
-You think we can't find you because you're a sly rabbit?
-I was hungry when I came back!
You just learned "Don't touch the edge when widening", and you tripped over the table. Awesome!
-Shit! Do you blame eating without words and sleeping without words?
-hey, it's really "quality is better than literature, it's wild"!
-Isn't this the "cheap alley" in Yan Hui? How can it be in Beijing!
-why is it embarrassing for a gentleman to use it?
-Hum, the children in Nancun Group are old and weak!
Introduction-guide students to string together what they have learned and try to get in touch with what they can't learn.
If we say the general narrative of Disciples' Rules, we can draw these paragraphs from The Analects:
1, Confucius said: "Disciple, you are filial when you enter, but you are young when you leave. You sincerely believe that you have always loved people, but you are kind. If you have extra energy, go to study literature. "
2. There is a Confucius: "He is also a filial brother, and few people are good at committing crimes; It's not easy to make mistakes, but it's not easy to make mistakes. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence! "
3. Confucius said: people don't believe it, but they don't know what they can do. The cart has no nickels, and the car has no space. How can we do that?
4. Confucius said: "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality. Gentleness is a gentleman. "
Special requirements-don't take notes between the lines.
Fifth, think about the relationship between the enlightenment education of Chinese studies and composition, further education and employment.
1, the similarity of high-scoring compositions
More important than the novelty, depth and breadth of knowledge.
2. A self-evident "chapter"
"Wen" and "Zhang" refer to patterns, that is, decoration. "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than history. Gentleness is a gentleman. " It can be said that life, writing and decoration should be moderate. For example, there are many so-called good words, good sentences and even good paragraphs, all piled up, with little actual content, just "history"; In the Sinology Museum, enlightenment is only a superficial introduction, but it is a model of "gentleness" in the sense.
3. Where did you see "outstanding"
It is obviously different from the same level to use "who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard" and "a porridge and a meal is hard to come by", "take the lead" and "take the lead".
4. Two students who were admitted as an exception.
The above quotations: Hui Xianya studies Chinese literature.