What does Guanzhong mean in ancient times?

Question 1: What was the nickname of Guanzhong in ancient times? Guanzhong got its name because it was located between Hangu Pass and Dashan Pass. It was once elegantly called Qinzhong, but the most widely spread and well-known name is Guanzhong, which has been the case since ancient times.

Question 2: Where was Guanzhong in ancient times? Guanzhong

Guanzhong, or Guanzhong Plain, is the alluvial plain of the Weihe River at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, China. It has an average altitude of about 500 meters. It is also called the Guanzhong Basin. To the north is the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi and to the south is the mountainous area of ​​southern Shaanxi. , Qinba Mountains are Shaanxi's developed industrial and agricultural areas, densely populated areas, and rich lands, known as the Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan.

The scope of reference varies. The ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wanted to be the king of Guanzhong and made his son Ying his prime minister." "On the Passage of Qin": "The first emperor's heart was that Guanzhong was solid."

Guanzhong was only established because of the great distance to the west. Sanguan has Hangu Pass in the east, Xiaoguan Pass in the north and Wuguan Pass in the south. It is a country with four fortresses, so it is called Guanzhong. In the era of cold weapons, these four levels can be said to be one man's responsibility, and no one can open them. They are really impregnable. What attracted even more attention to the ancients was that the climate here was mild and humid, with Jing, Wei, Feng, Lao, and Gu being as thin as five.

Question 3: What was the state of Guanzhong called in ancient times? In Yongzhou

Guanzhong: The Weihe Plain is also called the Guanzhong Plain. in central Shaanxi Province.

Yongzhou (now the northern part of central Shaanxi, except southeastern Gansu, southeastern Qinghai, and Ningxia)

Question 4: Where did Guanzhong refer to in ancient times? Which level is "off"? Dashan Pass is the only fortress in the southwest of Guanzhong. Since ancient times, it has been the gateway to and from Guanzhong from Bashu and Hanzhong, and its strategic position is very important because of its "precipitous pass and control". As recorded in "Historical Records": "The north cannot be used to open up the Liang Dynasty, and the south cannot be used to consolidate Guanzhong." Therefore, this place has become a place valued and fought for by military strategists of all ages. There have been more than 70 battles for Sanguan in history. In 206 BC, King Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty adopted Han Xin's theory: "Build a plank road in the open and cross Chencang secretly." Pass to Chencang; in the 20th year of Jian'an (AD 215) of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu and passed through Sanguan from Chencang; in the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), the emperor of Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang left Sanguan to surround Chencang; in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, In order to open up the passage to Shu, Jin Wushu and the famous Southern Song Dynasty general Wu Gu repeatedly fought here. The occurrence of the above-mentioned wars all shows the military importance of Dashan Pass.

Due to its important strategic position, Dashan Pass has been one of the four major gateways in Guanzhong since ancient times (Hangu Pass in the east, Wu Pass in the south). Pass, there is Dashan Pass in the west and Xiao Pass in the north).

Question 5: Which places did Guanzhong, Hanzhong and the Central Plains refer to in ancient times? The name Guanzhong existed during the Warring States Period. It is generally believed that it is to the east of Dashan Pass, to the west of Hangu Pass, and to the Wuguan Pass. To the north, to the south of Xiaoguan, it includes the current Xi'an City, as well as four prefecture-level cities, Tongchuan City, Baoji City, Xianyang City and Weinan City, as well as Sanmenxia City in Henan Province. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, 12 dynasties have been established here. Capitals, such as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, etc., lasted for more than 1100 years.

Hanzhong has a long history and is the birthplace of the Han family, with a history of more than 2,300 years. In 206 BC, the Han and Ming Dynasties built plank roads, secretly crossed Chencang, and Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Hanzhong. These little-known stories all happened on this land. Appellations such as Han Dynasty, ***, Han nationality, Chinese language, and Chinese culture have been passed down to this day. Hanzhong is bounded by the Qinling Mountains to the north and Daba Mountain to the south.

The Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "whoever wins the Central Plains will win the world." Henan has also been the long-term political, economic and cultural center of China from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the Northern Song Dynasty. There were more than 20 dynasties in this land successively, including Xia, Shang, Western Zhou (formed into Zhou Luoyi), Eastern Zhou, Western Han (early period), Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang (including Wu Zhou), Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin. Make the capital.

However, in ancient times, Guanzhong, Hanzhong and Central Plains generally referred to the places where the Han people lived together.

Question 6: Where does Guanzhong refer to? Guanzhong refers to the Guanzhong Plain, the area near present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province

The Weihe Plain, also known as the Guanzhong Plain or the Weihe Basin, is a graben-type structural plain. It is between the Qinling Mountains and the Weibei Mountains (Laolong Mountain, Saga Mountain, Yaowang Mountain, Yao Mountain, Huanglong Mountain, etc.). It starts from Baoji in the west and ends at Tongguan in the east, with an altitude of about 323 to 800 meters, a length of about 350 kilometers from east to west, and an area of ​​about 36,000 square kilometers. Because it is between Hangu Pass (later also known as Tongguan) and Dashan Pass (some say it is between Hangu Pass, Dashan Pass, Wuguan and Xiaoguan), it was called "Guanzhong" in ancient times, and also elegantly called "Qinzhong" " said. It was the hometown of the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, including the five cities of Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and the Yangling Demonstration Zone. It is about 350 kilometers long from east to west, with an average altitude of about 500 meters. It is narrow in the west and wide in the east. It is known as the "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan".

The Weihe Plain is a fault subsidence area, that is, a graben, which was later alluvially formed by the Weihe River and its tributaries, such as the Jinghe River and the Luohe River. It is a key part of the Weihe River Fault Depression Basin. Irrigation has been developed here since ancient times and it is rich in wheat, cotton, etc. It is an important commodity grain-producing area in China. It is the first place in China known as "The Golden City Thousand Miles, the Land of Abundance".

There are natural terrain barriers on all sides, which are easy to defend and difficult to attack. Since the Warring States Period, there has been a saying of "a country with four fortresses". Therefore, Zhang Liang of the Han Dynasty used "Golden City Thousand Miles" to summarize the advantages of Guanzhong to persuade Liu Bang. The capital was Guanzhong. During the Warring States Period, Su Qin presented the plan of "Lian Heng" to King Hui of Qin, and praised Guanzhong for its "fertile fields, prosperous people, thousands of chariots, vigorous attacks on hundreds of trades, thousands of miles of fertile fields, and abundant reserves" and said, "This The so-called Tianfu means the most powerful country in the world. This was more than half a century before the Chengdu Plain received the title of "Land of Abundance". This is because after the construction of the Zhengguo Canal in the Warring States Period, Guanzhong became a geomantic treasure land rich in products and where emperors established their capitals.

Question 7: Central Plains. What does Guanzhong refer to? Central Plains, in a broad sense, refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River centered on the Heluo area and the north of the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. Including present-day Henan Province, southeastern Shanxi Province, southern Hebei Province, western Shandong Province, northwest Jiangsu Province, northern Anhui Province and other vast areas. In a narrow sense, the Central Plains refers to present-day Henan Province.

The Central Plains, originally meaning "the wilderness in the middle of the world", is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cradle of the Chinese nation, the ancestral home of the Han nation, and is regarded by the Chinese nation as the center of the world. The Central Plains is also known as China, Zhongtu, and Zhongxia. The Central Plains region spread with the great integration of the Chinese nationalities and the expansion of the Central Plains civilization. The more advanced Chinese people called themselves Zhonghua, different from the Siyi people. Some areas that were still part of the Siyi people during the Xia and Shang dynasties, with the spread of the Central Plains culture, also Be included in the Central Plains Cultural Zone.

Guanzhong Plain is a graben-type structural plain. It is between the Qinling Mountains and the Northern Mountains of Weibei (Laolong Mountain, Saga Mountain, Yaowang Mountain, Yao Mountain, etc.). It starts from Baoji in the west and ends at Tongguan in the east, with an altitude of about 325 to 800 meters and a length of about 300 kilometers from east to west. It covers an area of ​​approximately 34,000 square kilometers. Because it is between Hangu Pass and Dashan Pass (some say it is between Hangu Pass, Dashan Pass, Wuguan and Xiaoguan), it was called "Guanzhong" in ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the hometown of the Qin State, including the five cities of Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and Yangling District. It is 300 kilometers long from east to west, with an average altitude of about 500 meters. It is narrow in the west and wide in the east. It is known as the "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan".

The Weihe Plain is a fault subsidence area, that is, a graben, which was later formed by alluvial deposits from the Weihe River and its tributaries, such as the Jinghe River and the Luohe River. Irrigation has been developed here since ancient times and it is rich in wheat, cotton, etc. It is an important commercial grain-producing area in my country. It is the first place in China known as "The Golden City Thousand Miles, the Land of Abundance".

There are natural terrain barriers on all sides, which are easy to defend and difficult to attack. Since the Warring States Period, there has been a saying of "a country with four fortresses". Therefore, Zhang Liang of the Han Dynasty used "Golden City Thousand Miles" to summarize the advantages of Guanzhong to persuade Liu Bang. The capital was Guanzhong.

During the Warring States Period, Su Qin presented the plan of "Lian Heng" to King Hui of Qin, and praised Guanzhong for its "fertile fields, prosperous people, thousands of chariots, vigorous attacks on hundreds of trades, thousands of miles of fertile fields, and abundant reserves" and said, "This The so-called Tianfu means the most powerful country in the world. This was more than half a century before the Chengdu Plain received the title of "Land of Abundance". This is because after the construction of the Zhengguo Canal in the Warring States Period, Guanzhong became a geomantic treasure land rich in products and where emperors established their capitals.

Question 8: Where did Guanzhong and the Three Qins refer to in ancient times? Guanzhong, or Guanzhong Plain, refers to the alluvial plain of the Weihe River at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, China, with an average altitude of about 500 meters. It is also called the Guanzhong Basin. To the north is the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, and to the south are the mountains of southern Shaanxi and the Qinba Mountains, which are Shaanxi's It has developed industry and agriculture, a densely populated area, and a prosperous land, known as the Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan. The name Guanzhong began during the Warring States Period. It is generally believed that there are Sanguan Pass (Dashanguan Pass) in the west, Hangu Pass in the east, Wuguan Pass in the south, and Xiaoguan Pass in the north. It means among the four passes (later Tongguan Pass and Tongguan Pass in the east were added). Two golden locks in the north). The passes on all sides, coupled with the two natural barriers of the Northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, have made Guanzhong a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Guanzhong has fertile land, crisscrossed rivers and a mild climate. The "Historical Records" calls it "the golden city thousands of miles away", "the land of abundance" and "the land of four fortresses". Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, 12 dynasties have established their capitals here, which lasted for more than 1,100 years. In addition, the cradle of Chinese civilization is in the Yellow River Basin, and the cradle of Yellow River Civilization is in the Weihe River Basin (Guanzhong). Judging from myths, legends and archaeological excavations, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang from western China are recognized as the earliest sage kings and "first ancestors of humanities". The clan residences and tombs of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are both in the Guanzhong area. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that Guanzhong is one of the most important and concentrated birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. Here is the culture of the Lantian and Dali people hundreds of thousands of years ago, as well as the Banpo culture, a typical representative of the Yangshao culture. Places such as Xi'an Banpo Lintong Jiangzhai and Baoji Cockfighting Terrace are the earliest birthplaces of primitive agriculture in my country. They formed the earliest production technologies such as farming, house construction, weaving, and pottery making, and even created the earliest writing. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Xi'an are a series of evidence of my country's earliest culture, such as the earliest agricultural and fishing tools from Banpo, the earliest pottery kiln, the earliest pottery inscriptions, the earliest civil architecture, the earliest bone sculpture of a human head from Hejiawan, etc. wait. The Guanzhong Plain is the well-deserved cradle of Chinese civilization and one of the most important places of human origin and prehistoric cultural centers in Asia.

Sanqin refers to Shanxi. Reason: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shaanxi was governed by the Qin State, so later generations referred to Shaanxi as "Qin"; the main mountain range across central Shaanxi was called "Qinling"; the Weihe Plain was called " Qinchuan", Shaanxi is also called "Three Qin".