The sun is an expository article, which introduces the knowledge about the sun from three aspects: what, what and what, and explains the sun and human beings.
1, (1) originally meant to hang a sign indicating the name of the store in front of the store, which refers to signs that may appear in various weather. (2) signs of early exposure. 2, (1) vivid description (2) plain description (3) vivid description (3), C4, (1) analogy (2) quotation, explanation (4) imitation (5), (1) ontology. Vehicles: signboards; Similarities: both of them have symbolic functions ⑵Ontology: cirrus clouds; Metaphor: feathers and silk thread; Similarities: color and dynamics; When using metaphors in expository texts, we should pay attention to the fact that vehicles can accurately explain the characteristics or reasons of things. 6. In the fourth sentence, the language is vivid and other languages are dull. 7. (1) A person must have rich knowledge when he stands on his own feet. Or: if a person has no knowledge, he will be like an empty pocket with nothing and cannot stand on his own feet. (2) Omitted, can meet the requirements. 8. Explain that clouds are closely related to the weather, and you can know the weather by looking at the clouds. 9, total-points-total 10, metaphor, parallelism, contrast 1 1, vivid, accurate and specific. 12, which accurately, concretely and vividly illustrates various forms of cloud. 13, C 14, red; Purple 15, rainy weather is coming; The weather has been fine in recent days 16, symptoms, precursors 17, B 18, examples, explanations, quotations 19, A20, slightly 2 1, decoration, casting, sterilization, disaster prevention and eating. 22.① A few milligrams of silver in hundreds of billions can purify 1 kg of water; ② Ordinary antibiotics can only kill 6 different pathogens, while silver-containing antibiotics can kill more than 650 pathogens. 23. The surface of silver will soon turn black when it meets toxic substances such as sulfide and arsenic. 24. Compare, give examples, list data and quote. 25. Soldiers' tableware does not have sterilization ability. 26. Silver is a metal, which can be eaten by human beings and some living things; Sample support. 27. (1) the atmosphere is the gas around the earth; (2) Aurora is a luminous phenomenon caused by the violent collision of electron flow from the sun and thin gas molecules in the ionosphere. 28.① The higher the air, the thinner it is (or the lower the air concentration); ② Air flows horizontally. 29. Diffusion layer; Space (or "from near to far", "from high to low" and "from thick to thin") 30. (1) the troposphere temperature rises and falls, and air convection becomes wind; (2) There are a lot of water vapor, dust and other particles in the troposphere, which turn into clouds, fog, rain and electricity when they are cold. 3 1, ① adjust the temperature difference between day and night of the earth to make it suitable for human survival; (2) Protect the earth from the attack of meteorites, cosmic rays and ultraviolet rays.
Look at the weather from the clouds
The first part:
1. Explain the meaning of the words in the following sentences: (4 points)
(1) Clouds are like "signs" of weather. What kind of weather will happen when there are clouds hanging in the sky?
"signboard":
Those low and thick clouds are usually signs of rain and snow.
Omen:
2. Point out the following statements, which are vivid and which are plain. (3 points)
(1) The lightest and tallest cloud is called cirrus. ()
Thin clouds in the sky are usually a symbol of good weather. ()
(3) Cumulus is a group of oblate clouds, which are arranged evenly. There is a blue sky between the clouds, which looks like snow-white sheep on the grassland from a distance. ()
3. The last paragraph of the article points out: "The weather changes are extremely complicated, and it is limited to know the weather from the clouds." Do you agree with the meaning of this sentence? () (3 points)
A, this sentence is denying the role of "knowing the weather from the clouds".
B, this sentence means that the scope of "knowing the weather from the clouds" is limited.
C, this sentence means that the role of "knowing the weather from the clouds" is limited.
D, this sentence is to clarify that it is unscientific to know the weather from the clouds.
4. Point out the explanation methods of the following sentences: (4 points)
(1) In summer, after the rain clears, a colorful arc is often hung on the cloud curtain opposite the sun. This is a rainbow. ()
(2) Cirrus clouds are constantly floating, sometimes like a white feather, sometimes like a white silk thread. ()
(3) People often say that "the east rainbow thunders and the west rainbow rains". It means that the rainbow is in the east, it doesn't rain when it thunders, but it will rain heavily in the west. ()
(4) Cumulonimbus clouds will become cumulonimbus clouds if they quickly uplift upward and form a tall Yunshan, and the peaks will compete with each other and go straight into the sky. ()
5. Explain the ontologies, metaphors and similarities of the following figurative sentences, and point out the problems that should be paid attention to when using metaphors in expository texts. (4 points)
(1) Clouds are like "signboards" of weather. What kind of weather will happen when there are clouds hanging in the sky?
Ontology:
Metaphor:
Similarities:
(2) Cirrus clouds are constantly floating, sometimes like a white feather, sometimes like a white silk thread.
Ontology:
Metaphor:
Similarities:
Attention should be paid to the use of metaphor in expository writing;
6. Which of the following four sentences is different in language style, briefly explain. (3 points)
(1) The color arrangement of "Hua" is purplish red, which is just the opposite of halo. The equator of the earth is not a perfect circle, but similar to an ellipse. (3) Around the sun and the moon, sometimes beautiful colored apertures are produced. The lightest and tallest clouds are called cirrus clouds.
7. Franklin, an American scientist, famously said, "An empty bag is hard to stand upright." (4 points)
This famous saying not only illustrates a life phenomenon, but also contains profound truth. Please tell the truth.
Please cite a fact that is consistent with this famous saying.
Part II: Reading Analysis
( 1)
(1) The clouds in the sky are varied and varied: some are like feathers, floating gently in the air; Some are like fish scales, neatly arranged one by one; Some come and go like sheep; Some are like a big cotton wool, covering the sky all over the ground; Others are like mountains, rivers, lions and galloping horses ... sometimes they decorate the sky beautifully, and sometimes they cast a shadow over it. Just now, it was white clouds and the sun was shining; In a blink of an eye, it was cloudy and it rained cats and dogs. Clouds are like signs of weather. What kind of weather will happen when there are clouds hanging in the sky?
……
(2) We can also look at the brilliance on the clouds, (1) the weather. Around the sun and the moon, sometimes beautiful colored apertures appear, the inner layer is (②) and the outer layer is (③). This aperture is called halo. Solar and lunar halos often appear on the cirrostratus. When there are large high-level clouds and nimbostratus behind cirrostratus, it is a sign of heavy rain. Therefore, there is a saying that "the sun is dizzy and rainy in the middle of the night, and the moon is dizzy at noon". When cirrostratus is accompanied by dizziness, the weather will get worse. There is also a color halo smaller than halo, called Hua. The arrangement of colors is purple and red, just the opposite of halo. Rihua and Yuehua mostly appear at the edge of cumulus clouds. The central part will grow from small to large, and the weather will tend to be fine. The central region of China is getting smaller from big to small, and the weather may turn rainy. In summer, after the rain clears, a colorful arc is often hung on the cloud curtain opposite the sun. This is a rainbow. People often say, "the east rainbow thunders and the west rainbow rains." If the rainbow is in the east, it will thunder and not rain; The rainbow is in the west and there will be heavy rain. There is also a cloud color, which often appears in the early morning or evening. The sun shone all over the sky and dyed the clouds red. This cloud is called Xia Xia. Sunglow appears, indicating ④; Sunset appears, indicating ⑤. Therefore, there is a proverb "Don't go out at sunrise, but go to Wan Li Road at sunset".
8. What is the central meaning of the first paragraph? Please summarize it in concise language. (3 points)
9. The structure of the first paragraph is. (3 points)
10, the rhetorical devices used in the first paragraph are. (3 points)
What are the characteristics of the description language in the first paragraph? (3 points)
12. In order to illustrate various forms of cloud, several metaphors are used continuously. What are the functions of these metaphors? (3 points)
13, the word (1) in the second paragraph should be () (3 points).
A, infer B, infer C, infer D, guess
14, the color of the second paragraph ② is, and the color of ③ is. (2 points)
15, the weather conditions at ④ and ⑤ in the second section are. (4 points)
16, "... is a sign of a big storm" means "sign". (3 points)
17, the function of the first sentence in the second paragraph is () (3 points)
A, the transitional sentence B, the central sentence of this paragraph.
18, and the second paragraph is interpreted. (3 points)
19, the structural feature of the second paragraph is () (2 points)
A, total points b, total points c, total points
20. There are many proverbs about the weather in the article "Seeing the weather from the clouds". Please write two proverbs about the weather that you have accumulated. (3 points)
(2)
The magical use of silver
Man has discovered and used silver for at least two thousand years. In recent years, archaeologists in China discovered "gold, silver and copper" embedded in the surface of vessels from bronzes unearthed in the Spring and Autumn Period. The silverware unearthed in the tombs of the Han Dynasty is very exquisite. In ancient times, the biggest use of silver was as the medium price of commodity exchange-currency.
Silver has a strong bactericidal ability. In more than 300 BC, Emperor Alexander of the Kingdom of Greece was infected with tropical dysentery when he led an army to the East. Most soldiers died of illness, and the crusade was forced to end. But emperors and officials seldom get sick, and this mystery was not solved until modern times. It turned out that the tableware beside the emperor and officers was made of silver, while the tableware of soldiers was made of tin.
Silver can decompose a very small amount of silver ions in water, and can adsorb microorganisms in water, so that the enzymes on which microorganisms breathe fail and kill microorganisms. The bactericidal ability of silver ions is amazing. A few milligrams of silver per billion can purify 1 kg of water.
Ordinary antibiotics can only kill six different pathogens, while silver-containing antibiotics can kill more than 650 pathogens. So two thousand years ago, human beings knew that silver tablets were a good medicine for surgery and silver boiled water was used to treat diseases. When silver meets sulfide, arsenic and other toxic substances, the surface will turn black quickly. In ancient China, forensic doctors knew how to use "silver needle autopsy" to determine whether a patient was poisoned, which helped solve many murders.
If we use this property of silver, we can prevent some natural disasters, such as: before volcanic eruption and some major earthquakes, sulfur-containing gas may seep out of the ground, which will make the surface of silverware turn black quickly, thus showing some signs that the volcano is about to erupt and a major earthquake is coming.
Silver is also an edible metal for human beings. It is recorded in China and India that food and pills are wrapped in silver foil. At the same time, silver is also food for some creatures. According to the ancient book History of Tianxianglou in China, in ancient times, a woman hid 150 private silver. One day, she opened the box to check the hidden silver, but the silver was gone. The woman was shocked and suspected that it had been stolen, which made the whole family panic for a while. Later, when she opened the box to look for it, I saw many termites gathering together and eating the remaining silver particles. In a rage, the woman threw termites into the stove to relieve her hatred. "Burning ants to bring back the dead" is only 150.
2 1. What are the wonderful uses of silver? (3 points)
22. The two sentences that best reflect the strong bactericidal ability of silver are: (3 points)
23. "This feature" added in the article refers to: (3 points)
24. What interpretation methods are used in this paper? (3 points)
25. Find out the real reason why Greek soldiers died in the article. (4 points)
26. Write the central sentence of the last paragraph and explain the supporting way of this paragraph. (3 points)
(3)
The Earth's Coat-Atmosphere
The earth is surrounded by a thick layer of air. This layer of air is like the coat of the earth, which is scientifically called the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is thick and dense near the sea surface. The higher, the thinner. At an altitude of 6 to 7 kilometers, the density of air is reduced by half. At an altitude of 500 kilometers, the atmosphere is already very thin.
The atmosphere can be divided into several layers. Each floor has different characteristics.
The layer near the ground is called the troposphere, which is about 1 1 km. This layer has the highest air density, and its total weight accounts for more than three-quarters of the total weight of the atmosphere. On this floor, the higher the temperature from the ground, the lower the temperature. For every kilometer increase, the temperature difference will drop by 6.5 degrees Celsius, and the lower the heat, the higher the hot air will be. When it is cold at high altitude, the cold air drops and forms convection, so this layer of air is called troposphere.
Air convection forms wind. In addition, there are a lot of small particles such as steam and dust in the troposphere, which will form clouds, fog, rain and snow. Wind and rain are common phenomena in the troposphere.
Above the troposphere is the stratosphere. The top of this floor is about 80 kilometers above the ground. In the stratosphere, the atmospheric temperature of the upper and lower layers is almost unchanged, almost MINUS 56 degrees Celsius, so there is no convection in the upper and lower directions, so it is called the stratosphere. Because there is little water vapor in the stratosphere, there is no cloud and rain, so it is suitable for aircraft flight.
From the stratosphere up to a height of 800 to 1000 km, it is the ionosphere. The air here is strongly irradiated by cosmic rays and ultraviolet rays from the sun, and molecules are ionized into charged ions, so it is called the ionosphere. The ionosphere can reflect radio waves and bring benefits to radio communication. Radio waves can only travel 100 km along the ground and can travel 2000 km after being reflected by the ionosphere. That's why we can hear the radio broadcast in the distance at night.
The ionosphere will also produce a beautiful natural phenomenon, that is, aurora. Aurora is a luminous phenomenon caused by the violent collision between the electron flow from the sun and the thin gas molecules in the ionosphere. Influenced by the earth's magnetic field, the electron flow is always biased towards the north and south poles of the earth, so the auroras all occur in the polar regions.
Above the ionosphere is the spreading layer. Because it is far away from the earth, the gravity of the earth is very small, and air molecules often escape and disperse into interstellar space, so it is called the extension layer. The expansion layer has no obvious edge and extends for almost 3000 kilometers, from which it gradually transits into space.
The atmosphere is really the ideal coat of the earth. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provides nutrients for plants.
With this coat, the earth will not be too hot during the day and too cold after sunset at night, creating a good environment suitable for human survival. This coat is also like an armor, which can resist the attack of meteorites, cosmic rays and ultraviolet rays and protect our safety. The atmosphere is really a treasure!
27. What is "atmosphere"? What is "Aurora"? Please define them according to the content of the article. (4 points)
(1) The atmosphere is
② Aurora is
28. Briefly describe the main features of the atmosphere and stratosphere in the atmosphere. (4 points)
The main features of the atmosphere are (no more than 10).
② The main features of the stratosphere are (no more than 10).
29. The atmosphere is roughly divided into four layers, and the name of the last layer is. These four layers are explained in order. (2 points)
30. It is common that there is wind and rain in the troposphere for the following reasons: (4 points)
①
②
3 1. Besides "carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provides nutrients for plants", the atmosphere has two functions, namely: ①; ②3. 1 (each statement is no more than 20 words) (4 points)