Where are the Hulan green onions?
Hulan agriculture has a long history. Hulan scallion has been produced for hundreds of years, especially after 1958, chicken legs were planted, and the output reached 20,000-30,000 Jin. After 1974, sea onion was introduced, and it became a high-yield variety through local transformation and seed selection. It is characterized by high white leaves, tender leaves and thick and pure stems. Its output is as high as 765438+ ten thousand kilograms. Because of its unique black clay, it has many advantages, such as strong spicy taste, thick onion stalk and no fear of freezing. Named Hulan Onion, it has the reputation of "Hulan Onion, Acheng Garlic and Shuangcheng Mushroom Mother don't need to look at it" and has become one of the main products of Hulan vegetables.
territorial scope
Hulan District is located in the south of Heilongjiang Province, the north bank of Songhua River and the lower reaches of Hulan River. It is located at12611'-19' east longitude and 45 49'-46 25' north latitude. Songhua River in the south and Songhua River in the east. The geographical protection scope of Hulan Onion covers 48 villages under the jurisdiction of 7 towns (streets) in Hulan District, including Shuangjing Town, Mengjia Town, Changling Town, Pocket Street, Limin Street, Hulan Street and He Lan Street. The geographical protection area is 1 1896 hectares, and the current production area is 956 hectares, with an annual output of 42,675 tons.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Hulan District is located in the middle of Songnen Plain, with flat terrain, slightly higher in the northeast and slightly lower in the southwest. "One River and Four Rivers" formed a fertile accumulation and alluvial plain in Hulan. The relative contrast of various landforms is between 20 and 30 meters, which is a wavy plain. There are no complicated landforms such as mountains and hills, and the overall landform type is relatively simple, with the lowest elevation 1 13m, the highest elevation of Tuanshanzi 189.5m, generally1/50m, and 170m in the east. Songhua River and Hulan River flow through the west, middle and south of Hulan District.
Hulan District has a vast territory, fertile soil and rich resources, including eight kinds of soil, such as black soil, chernozem and meadow soil. The soil fertility is high, the organic matter content is about 3%, and the contents of available N, P and K are 100- 140_/_, 10-20_/_, 140-200_/_ respectively. Suitable for the growth of crops in dry land and paddy field.
(2) Hydrological situation: There are many rivers, lakes and ditches in Hulan District. There are "one river and four rivers" in the territory, belonging to the Songhua River system, which surrounds or flows through the territory, with a total length of 226 kilometers. The river water area is 35 1 1,000 mu. The water quality reaches the first-class standard of surface water environment GB3838 and the standard of drinking water GB5749 respectively. There are four reservoir irrigation areas in Hulan District, including Nihe, Baifang, Shaoling and Tuanshan, and seven water lifting projects, with an effective irrigation area of 2 1.000 mu, a sprinkler irrigation area of 0/.3000 mu and a storage capacity of 450 million cubic meters. The flood control dike in the whole region is 92 kilometers, the Songhua River dike reaches the 20-year flood control standard, and the Hulan River dike reaches the 30-year defense standard.
(3) Climate: Hulan is located in the mid-latitude zone and belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone in the north temperate zone. The climate features are obvious, windy and rainy in spring, warm and comfortable; The summer climate is hot and the rainfall is abundant; Autumn is crisp and the sky is crisp. Winter is long, cold and dry. The average annual temperature is 3.6 degrees Celsius. The annual maximum average temperature is 23℃, and the minimum average temperature is-19.1℃; The average annual precipitation is 500-550 mm, but the distribution of precipitation in four seasons is quite different. June-August is the time of concentrated rainfall, and the precipitation accounts for 69% of the annual average precipitation. The average sunshine in the whole year is 2732.2 hours, and the sunshine is concentrated in May-September, with high intensity and long time, which is beneficial to crop growth. The frost-free period is short, with the first frost on September 25th and the final frost on May 4th, about 143 days. The annual average wind speed is 3.5m/s, and the dominant wind direction is southwest wind in summer and northwest wind in winter. Although it is located in the cold climate zone of high latitude in China, the summer temperature is high, the rain and heat are in the same season, the sunshine is abundant, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the land is humid, which provides unique natural conditions for planting and production. In the construction of meteorological facilities, there are 10 anti-aircraft gun stations, 1 1 anti-aircraft guns in the whole region, and a rocket car to increase rainfall can protect farmland every year.
(4) Human history: Hulan agriculture has a long history. Hulan scallion has been produced for hundreds of years, especially after 1958, chicken legs were planted, and the output reached 20,000-30,000 Jin. After 1974, sea onion was introduced, and it became a high-yield variety through local transformation and seed selection. It is characterized by high white leaves and thick stems with pure taste. Its output is as high as 765438+ ten thousand kilograms. It is named Hulan Onion, which has the reputation of "Hulan Onion, Acheng Garlic, Shuangcheng Mushroom Girl" and has become one of the main products of Hulan vegetables.
Production technical requirements
(1) Selection of place of origin: The place of origin of Hulan onion is far from the pollution source, and the natural environment has not been destroyed. The place of origin should have the ability of sustainable production, that is, air, water (water source, water quality) and fertile soil, and black soil and chernozem plots should be used for planting.
(2) Variety selection: select high-quality and high-yield varieties that adapt to local ecological conditions and have strong resistance, and approve the promotion: Zhangqiu scallion, black oxleg, sea onion, etc. Before sowing, the seeds should be carefully selected, the purity and purity of the seeds should be not less than 98%, the germination rate should be not less than 85%, and the quality should reach the second grade of the seed grading standard.
(3) Production process management:
First, select stubble and soil preparation
Every 667m2 12000 -22000 plants, the row spacing is 60cm-80cm×5cm-7cm. Onion seedlings should be graded and planted according to large, medium and small seedlings. Dry insertion method. In the open onion ditch, insert the onion seedlings into the bottom of the ditch, and don't bury them to the depth of five branches, and then water them after compaction on both sides. You can also use the wet insertion method, that is, use water first and then insert onions. After planting seedlings slowly, the weather gradually entered the hot summer, and the plants were in a semi-dormant state. Generally do not water, intertillage to conserve moisture, remove weeds, and drain the accumulated water in the field in time after rain.
B, fertilizing
Soil preparation and fertilization: under the condition of medium fertility, combined with soil preparation, 4000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer (taking high-quality decomposed pig manure as an example), 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (6.5kg converted to urea), 5kg of phosphate fertilizer (42kg converted to calcium superphosphate) and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer (65440kg converted to potassium sulfate) were applied every 667m2. Sulfur-containing fertilizers are better. Before planting, ditch according to row spacing, with a depth of 30cm. Then the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied in the middle is collected in the ditch, the bottom of the ditch is loosened, and the fertilizer and the soil are mixed evenly. Watering: In August, green onions began to grow vigorously. To keep the soil moist, gradually increase the watering frequency and water quantity, and stop watering 7- 10d before harvest. Topdressing: topdressing varieties are mainly urea and ammonium sulfate; In beginning of autumn and Bailu solar terms, combined with watering, 4kg nitrogen fertilizer (8.7kg urea) was topdressing every 667m2. Top dressing with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times in the middle and late growth period.
C, sowing
Use 3kg-4kg seeds per 667m2. Seed treatment: soak seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 20-30 min, or soak seeds in 0.2% 1 solution for 20-30 min, take out, clean, dry and sow. Seedbed preparation: Choose a plot with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile soil and no onion and garlic vegetables planted in recent three years. Combined with soil preparation, 6000kg-8000kg decomposed organic fertilizer and 20kg diammonium phosphate were applied every 667m2. Shallow tillage and fine harrow, leveling and making beds. Sowing date: autumn sowing from mid-September to early October, and spring sowing from mid-March to early April. Water the soles of the feet, sow the seeds on the bed surface after water seepage, and cover with 0.8cm- 1.0cm fine soil.
D. Tian Tuan management
Water immediately after planting, and then water 1 times the slow seedlings within 3-5 days. For those planted before winter, water the frozen soil 1 time before freezing, and water it when it turns green the next year. At the peak of leaf growth, keep the soil dry and wet, and generally irrigate for 7 days-LOD 1 time. Increase the watering times during the bulb expansion period, generally watering every 6-8 days 1 time. Stop watering from 8 days to 10 before harvest.
(4) Harvest of products: Due to regional climate differences, the harvest time of green onions is early and late. Generally, 15d-20d is the suitable harvest period of Chinese onion before soil sealing in winter when the growth of outer leaves basically stops and leaves turn yellow-green.
(5) Production records: For the whole process of scallion production, it is necessary to establish a technical file of field production and make a comprehensive record for future reference.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: Among many varieties of green onions, only "Hulan Green Onion" is unique, with three words: name, specialty and excellent.
General plant height 1.5m, white length 0.6m, diameter 0.03-0.04m ... each plant weighs 0.5kg; High-yield plant weight can reach 1.5 kg, plant height is 2 meters, and white length is 0.8 meters. Therefore, people praised it as the "king of onions", with green leaves, crisp texture, sweet and juicy, silky and excellent quality.
(2) Internal quality index: The quality characteristics of Hulan Welsh onion can be summarized in four words, namely, high, long, crisp and sweet. Gao: It means that Hulan green onion is tall and powerful, and it is the best of all green onion varieties at home and abroad, and is known as the "king of green onions". Length: refers to the main product part of Hulan green onion-green onion is very long and straight. Generally 50-60 cm, the longest is about 80 cm, which is very popular among people. Crispy: refers to the crisp texture and delicious taste of Hulan green onions. Sweet: refers to Hulan's scaly white, sweet and delicious, with little spicy taste, which is most suitable for raw food and cooked food.
Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.
① Marking: The product name, product standard number, trademark, name of production unit, detailed address, grade, specification, net content and packaging date shall be marked on the packaging, and the handwriting on the marking shall be clear, complete and accurate.
② Packaging: The packaging materials should be non-toxic, harmless, pollution-free, firm, light-proof and moisture-proof. Plastic bags or composite film bags and cartons should be used, and sealing paper or packaging tape should be used at the box. According to the same variety.
Don't wrap it. The net content of each piece shall be consistent, and its error shall conform to the provisions of JJF 1070.
③ Transportation: After the green onions are harvested, they should be pruned on the spot and packed and transported in time. Lightly load and unload during transportation to prevent mechanical damage. The means of transport should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free.