What is the ancient criminal law, such as clamping sticks and nailing fingers?
The earliest way is to kill people and then chop them into meat paste, which is called "qi" People who were punished by this kind of punishment remembered Boycott, the eldest son of Luz and Zhou Wenwang. Later, it was developed more carefully, with the aim of making prisoners suffer the greatest pain. Therefore, not only should the prisoner be punished when he is alive, but also how many knives he has to suffer before he dies.
It is said that at the end of each year, two people perform, starting from their feet, and a total of 1000 knives are cut, that is, 1000 pieces of meat are cut, before prisoners are allowed to die. It is said that if the prisoner dies before cutting a thousand knives, the executor will also be punished. The art of developing into the death penalty
The most famous person who was punished in this way was Liu Jin, the great eunuch. It is said that it took him three days to die. ...
And the worst is the late Ming dynasty anti-qing star Yuan Chonghuan. Because Emperor Chongzhen was tricked into collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country, he was sentenced to death that year. Before the execution, he wrapped himself in a fishing net (to make his muscles stand out under the knife) and paraded in the street. He was rushed forward by ignorant people in Beijing and bit off his meat piece by piece ... I'm afraid the psychological pain is far higher than the physical pain.
peel
When peeling, cut the back skin in half with a knife, slowly separate the skin from the muscle with a knife, and tear it like a butterfly spreading its wings ... The hardest thing is the fat man, because there is still a pile of oil between the skin and the muscle, which is not easy to separate.
There is also a stripping method, I don't know how credible it is. The method is to bury people in the soil, exposing only one head, making a cross on the top of the head with a knife, pulling the scalp away and filling it with silver. Because of the heavy proportion of mercury, muscles will be pulled away from the skin, and people buried in the soil will writhe painfully and cannot break free. Finally, the body will jump out of the mouth, leaving only a skin in the soil. ...
After peeling off the skin, make two drums and hang them at the entrance of the yamen as a warning. The earliest skinning was after death, and later it developed to live skinning.
saw
Saw a person alive with an iron saw, and its horror seems to be equivalent to year-end and peeling. No wonder there is torture of sawing people alive in hell torture. However, people who see life and death not only exist in the legendary hell, but also exist in the world. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, during the Three Kingdoms period, the concubine of Sun Hao, the emperor of the State of Wu, ordered his attendants to rob people of their property in the market. Chen Sheng, the corps commander in charge of fair trade, is a favorite of Sun Hao. He caught the robbers and brought them to justice. My concubine told Sun Hao that Sun Hao was furious, arrested Cynthia on the pretext of other incidents, sawed off Cynthia's head with a red-hot saw and threw his body under the stage.
execute sb by cutting him in two at the waist
Because the waist chop is to chop people from the middle, and the main organ is in the upper body, the prisoner will not die at once, but will be sober after the chop, and it will take a long time to die.
Ming Chengzu cut his waist and killed Fang Xiaoru. It is said that after a knife was cut off, Fang Xiaoru crawled on his elbow and wrote the word "usurp" with his bloody hands. He wrote 12.5 times before he died.
Automobile crack
That is, dismembering the victim with five horses means putting a rope around his head and limbs, and five fast horses pull him in five directions and tear him into six pieces. I remember Shang Yang was dismembered by five horses.
It takes a lot of effort to cut off a person's head and limbs, not to mention pulling them. The pain of the prisoner can be imagined. Speaking of tearing, I'm afraid the victim won't feel pain any more. The pain is when you are pulling.
All five punishments
Beheading, gouging out eyes, chopping hands, gouging out eyes, and cutting ears into one, that is, "cutting eight pieces", is generally to cut off a person's head, hands and feet after killing him, and then cut his trunk into three sections.
After the death of Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou caught his favorite concubine, Lady Ruyi, chopped off her hands and feet, cut off her nose, ears and tongue, gouged out her eyes and fed them in a pigsty. As a result, Lv Hou's own son was scared to death. ...
Cook
That is, "please enter the urn." It was the Tang Dynasty. When Wu Zetian was emperor, there was a cruel official named Lai Junchen in the DPRK, who advocated severe punishment and severe punishment, and often tortured prisoners who refused to confess. The solution is to find a big urn, put people in it, and then heat it with firewood below. The temperature is getting higher and higher, and the prisoners are getting more and more unbearable. If they refuse to confess, they are often burned in an urn ... Later, when Wu Zetian heard about it, she called Lai Junchen and asked him what to do if the prisoner refused to confess. Lai Junchen proudly said this method, and Wu Zetian simply said, "Then please go to the urn" and burn Lai Junchen to death. ...
castration (as a punishment)
Sima Qian didn't write the Historical Records until he was in prison, and he also wrote the sentence "I am a boudoir minister" in the Letter to Ren. China's castration is exquisite. First, tie up the little brother with a rope (including the child's bag), let the blood not circulate and die naturally, and then cut it off with a sharp knife (all! Not just a little brother). After cutting, cover it with incense ash to stop bleeding, and put a goose feather in the urethra. In a few days, take off the goose feathers. If you can pee, castration will be successful. If you can't urinate, even if that person is useless, he is likely to die of uremia in the end. So if you want to castrate the eunuch, you'd better castrate him while he is still young, and it will be much more dangerous when he is old.
This punishment is often offset by the death penalty of the nobles. Relatively women are claustrophobic.
Chisel punishment
There are different opinions about the punishment of strangulation. Some people say that it is to cut off all below the knee, while others say that it is to cut off the kneecap. The latter is more credible. In short, strangulation is a kind of torture similar to amputation.
During the Warring States Period, Sun Bin was framed by his brother and fined. I heard that his original name was Sun Bin, but he was changed to Sun Bin after being punished. If the kneecap is cut off and there is no protection between the thigh and calf, the person may not even stand up. Therefore, according to unofficial history's records, after Sun Bin was punished, he couldn't even ride a horse on the battlefield, so he had to take a bus (carriage or rickshaw).
Inserting needle
Stick a needle in your fingernail. Often used for female prisoners.
Be buried alive
Burying alive is a common means in war. Because it's labor-saving and fast.
All prisoners of war buried alive in the war were told to dig their own holes. Sometimes the prisoners are killed first and then pushed down, but when time is not enough (or bullets need to be saved), they are pushed down directly and covered in the back. Torture in China has existed since ancient times. But I haven't heard of any celebrity who has been punished like this. Even more ruthless, people will be buried upright in the soil, only one head will be exposed, and then abuse will begin. ..
Stick punishment
That is, stake punishment. What I'm talking about here is stick punishment, not hitting people with sticks. The stick punishment mentioned here is to take a stick and insert it directly into a person's mouth or anus. The whole stick sank into the stomach, which made people die miserably.
There is no record of this kind of punishment in the official history, but it is mentioned in Jin Yong's novel "Chivalrous Man", and he nicknamed this kind of torture "Laughter".
Spinal fracture
When a person hates another person, he often thinks of breaking his spine. Breaking the spine is really a Japanese behavior, because if a person's spine is broken, he will die. In the history of China, spinal fracture is also a very important torture. According to the story. There are clear rewards and punishments. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ji Chonger planned to make the criminal law explicit so that all the people in China would abide by the law, so he consulted with the doctors. Dian Jie, the famous minister of Ji Chonger, arrived late. Some people think that Dianjie is guilty and should be punished. Therefore, Ji Chonger approved the execution of the broken vertebra. The scholar-officials in the state of Jin were very afraid. They said: "Chu Jian went into exile with Ji Chonger in other countries 19 years, and made great contributions. Now we are punished so severely occasionally, not to mention us. "From then on, everyone was afraid of punishment and obeyed the law.
Lead irrigation
In the Buddhist story about Yamaraja, Yamaraja said that Bai Xiang was the Lord of hell, and there were orders from hundreds of officials and beautiful women around him. In the dark period, that is, two hours a day, I was subjected to copper enema. Similarly, human beings are tortured by pouring tin or lead. The melting point of tin is 232 degrees Celsius and that of lead is 327.4 degrees Celsius. Whether tin or lead is poured, people can be burned to death. Moreover, molten tin or lead will solidify into lumps as soon as it enters the stomach, and the falling force of this heavy metal can also cause death.
Yangcheng, the queen of Liu Qu, the king of Changchuan in Han Dynasty, was jealous and overbearing. Liu Qu dotes on another Maggie named Rong Ai and drinks with her many times. She was so jealous that she said to Liu Qu, "Rong Ai looks at people a little abnormal, probably because she is having an affair with someone." Liu Quxin believed it. Seeing Rong Ai embroidering the pattern on the collar, she grabbed the clothes in a rage and threw them into the fire to burn. Rong Ai was very scared to see Liu Qu angry. She threw herself into the well. Liu Qu ordered someone to fish her out, but unfortunately she didn't die. Liu Quzhang blamed Rong Ai. \ * \ * She confessed the affair and Rong Ai was punished. However, she just said that she had an affair with the doctor. Liu Qu became more and more angry, so she tied Rong Ai to a post, gouged out her eyes with a red-hot sharp knife, cut off the meat on her thighs, and finally poured molten lead into her mouth, thus destroying Rong Ai.
Comb washing
Refers to the use of iron brush to catch the meat off people's bodies and comb it off until the meat is exposed and finally dies. The real inventor of the punishment of grooming is Zhu Yuanzhang. According to Shen Wen's "Politics of the Sages", when the punishment of persuasion was carried out, the executioner stripped the prisoner naked, put him naked on the iron bed, poured boiling water on him several times, and then brushed off his flesh with an iron brush. It's like folk killing pigs after scalding with boiling water until the skin is brushed and the bones are exposed, and the punished person dies before it's over. The punishment of modification has the same effect as the punishment of 2008. According to "Biography of Huan in the Old Tang Dynasty", Wu Sansi once sent Zhou Lizhen to catch Huan, dragged him around on a bamboo raft, and then killed him with a stick.
call out
In the early days of ancient China, hanging was carried out with bowstring ... that is, the bow was put around the prisoner's neck, the bowstring went forward, and the executioner began to spin the bow at the back. The tighter the bow was pulled, the less angry the prisoner became, and finally he died. ...
That's how Yue Fei and his son died in the Fengbo Pavilion (because he was a hero, he couldn't be beheaded, so he had to get away with it), and so did Wang Gui, who was exiled in the late Ming Dynasty. He was strangled by Wu Sangui himself. ...
Silver poison
Poisoning may be the only more humane form of torture ... The most famous poison in ancient China was "pigeon", from which the idiom "Drink poison to quench thirst" came. Often used in situations of death.
The torture of "Ling Chi", also called "Ling Chi", refers to the gradual decline of the slope of the mountain, which means slow, which is also commonly known as "cutting". Because its provisions are above a thousand knives, the "Year of the Month" can also be commonly known as "a thousand knives". There was no "year of the year" in the Tang Dynasty, which was specially set in the Five Dynasties. Ma Duanlin's General Examination of Literature said that "Lingchi" was used in the middle and late Song Dynasty, but it was not commonly used. When Zhang Dun was in Yuezhou, he used terrible punishments, including "stabbing to death", "nailing hands and feet", "peeling", "cutting neck" and "pulling out tongue", but he didn't see "Nian". The criminal code of the Yuan Dynasty contains the "year number", but the specific implementation is less.
It was only in the Ming Dynasty that the word "Lingchi" became more frequent. Typical examples are the Chronicle of Yan Ruigong and the Final Edition of Yuqiao Dialect, in which the detailed description of "Lingchi" makes people see its specific steps-
A shed was set up in "Nian", and a thick wooden pole with a fork was erected in front of the shed. The executioner took an iron hook and a sharp knife that sharpened quickly, fired three shots and began. The rule is 3357 knives, and stop every ten knives. When shouting, the muscles are cut like big nails, piece by piece, like a hedgehog. There was too little blood when the knife was first used, and there was no blood when it was used again. Mainly because the victim was frightened, the blood flowed into the lower abdomen and calf, and after the incision, the blood flowed out from here. After the "year number", the prisoner's five internal organs, body and head were hung on poles for public display, and the prison officer danced the red flag, galloped his horse, galloped the palace and reported the number of knives to the emperor. ...
Taking such a severe "annual sentence" for prisoners is because Zhu Yuanzhang was very strict in execution at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, officials actually dyed clothes with the blood of pigeons, and as long as they were caught, they sucked them to death to avoid being tortured. According to He Lu, the criminal law at that time did everything it could:
Zhu Youxi is good at eating people. Zhu Xian forced women to rape or burn them in coffins, or cut out their arms and ears with knives. Others buried their heads alive and let them die slowly, or let prisoners eat their son's cut nose and tongue. Zhu Guozhen's Sketch of Architecture said that Han Guan, the commander-in-chief of Guangdong and Guangxi, killed people like hemp, taking human skin as a mattress and eating people's eyes. According to the documents handed down from ancient times in Xia Dynasty, a warlock named Xu was arrested for scolding Wei Zhongxian. His hands and feet were nailed to the door panel and his whole body was poured with asphalt. He knocked on his spine and then took off. His skin is human. ...
fall
The relevant records in Zhu Yunming's unofficial history are even more horrible:
The evil and stubborn citizens of Emperor Gao hurried off, gathered dozens of lawbreakers, dug their heads in mud, tied 15 of them, and exposed their shirts. He cut off several heads with a big axe, which is called "shovel head meeting". After the restoration at the beginning of the year, in addition to the execution of Ling Chi, there were also "scrubbing", bare iron beds, cooking soup, and brushing off the flesh with an iron brush. There is an "owl order", which is hung on the back with a hook. There is a kind of "balance beam", which is tied to the other end and called by hanging stones. There is also a kind of "gut pumping", which is also hung on a shelf and hooked into Gu Dao to hook out the intestines, but the stone on the other side is put in and the body rises out of the intestines.
Even the general criminal law is very cruel to implement. For example, The Zhao Prison Tragedy describes five kinds of instruments of torture commonly used in the Ming Dynasty: First, the "machinery". Made of solid wood, it is one foot five inches long and more than four inches wide, with two slits in the middle. Even if it is tortured, it will not take off. It is the most convenient way to kill people. One is "shackles". Iron, also known as "thunderbolt". It is five or six feet long, because the right foot is not convenient to be tortured.
One is "great". Made of poplar and elm wood, it is five feet long and bent like a dagger. The place where it is held is as big as the little finger, and the diameter of the meat can be eight or nine points. Tie his waist with each stick and a rope, and two people step on both ends of the rope, so that the prisoner can't lean sideways. He tied his feet with a rope and carried it by himself, so that he couldn't stretch out.
One is "I". Made of poplar, more than a foot long and four or five minutes in diameter. Every time the two rowed, they lifted the victim up, knelt on the rope, tied the two ends of the wood, and then knocked it left and right with a stick, making the victim more miserable.
One is "clamping stick". It is made of poplars, more than three feet long and more than five inches above the ground. It's made of iron bars, each of which is tied with three pairs. Anyone who holds a person, straightens the stick, and a person helps him, puts his feet on it, tightens the rope urgently, and still uses the stick, hands to the left, so that the victim cannot move. He hit his foot from the right with a big stick six or seven feet long and more than four inches in circumference, which made his foot bleed all over the floor. ...
These instruments of torture are the most basic instruments of torture in China's ancient criminal law. They seem simple, but they are extremely bitter to use. As the Ming people said, "A stick hurts the spleen and flies over every time it hits the bone!" Ke Yan's documentary "The Unity of Heaven and Man" tells that Yang Lian and Wei Dazhong's "Six Gentlemen" were "clubbed" in prison, and they were beaten 30 times. The flesh had rotted and had to be wrapped in silk in a hurry. In particular, "exhausted punishment", that is, machinery, shackles, sticks, shackles, clips and other instruments of torture, is called "five poisons, roar boiling, flesh and blood festering."
Even in the Ming Dynasty, many foreigners who came to China were deeply impressed by this kind of instruments of torture and torture: Ali Akbar's "A Journey to China" said that China prisoners were in prison:
He was fixed to an iron stake with fetters and chains, and his hair was tied to an iron nail. Even this can't make them comfortable. Their feet are stuck on boards, and chains and torture devices of 100 yards are wrapped around their backs and chests, which may break their ribs. When a prisoner in chains was forcibly pushed into a narrow triangular cage with only one arm high, "in order to close the cage, his head was pushed down and squeezed with his limbs, as if the cage was stuffed with a pile of boneless meat." After opening the cage, when the man was pulled up by chains and chains, we were scared out of our wits. "
Klaus's Chronicle of China said: The prisoner "put his finger into the stick, and then pulled the rope hard to make the bones rattle". "The punishment is very severe and painful. The instrument of torture is two square pieces of wood about four feet long, which are hinged together. They tied the rope to the other side with their ankles in the middle. They hit the wooden head with a mallet. "
LADA's Remembering Daming's China Affairs records:
As soon as the official shouted, five or six executioners jumped on the poor prisoner, immediately pushed him to the ground and pulled off his pants. He crawled face down like this. One executioner pressed his feet tightly, another pressed his head, and another held high the bamboo board or stick mentioned above and hit the meat behind his thigh until he was told to stop. Turn around and hit each other every five times. At this time, another executioner knelt down and loudly reported the number of beatings, which was simply barbaric. He was born to die, a man who was beaten sixty times.
What these three foreigners saw was only the most common criminal law in the Ming Dynasty, but it really made people feel the cruelty of their punishment! Generally speaking, these tortures are mainly directed at low-level officials and civilians, especially those who "commit the crime of rebellion". In the eighth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1803), Chen De, a kitchen servant of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, was caught red-handed for stabbing Jiaqing to death. During the trial, he was already asking questions all night, twisting his ears and kneeling, clapping his hands and blaming him, and was hit with a stick ... After Jiaqing's personal trial, Chen De was sentenced to "being late". According to the old man in Yanbei, The Secret History of the Palace of the Thirteen Dynasties in Qing Dynasty:
During the execution, it was cut from Chen De's ears, nose and breasts, and cut into fish scales on his left and right arms. Then the right arm, then the chest and back. At first, there was blood, and after a while, it flowed out, only yellow water. When he finished cutting his upper body, Chen De suddenly opened his eyes and shouted, "Hurry up." However, the jailer said, "There is a decree on it that Doldo will suffer some crimes." Still slowly breaking through Chen De!
Jiaqing, who prides himself on benevolence and righteousness, is never soft on "disobedient" people. His "year-end" to Chen De fully exposes the extreme revenge measures that rulers can take against rebels. However, it is biased to generalize all torture as "class struggle and oppression". Because like Jin Linggong, he bounced people off the stage and watched them avoid the pill nest; Wang Yuanji shoots in the street, watching people avoid arrows; Da ji set up a basin to watch its Chu poison for fun; After the state of Qi bathed scorpions, people stripped off their clothes, but when they cried, they were overjoyed ... These cruel punishments had no direct criminal reason, not the influence of class and politics, but the expression of a barbaric cultural concept. The punishment of drinking and fighting ink by the sadist in the Northern Qi Dynasty recorded in the General Code can explain this problem very well.
The novel Romance of the Gods in the Ming Dynasty describes the so-called "burning": "It is about two feet high and eight feet round. The upper, middle and lower doors are made of copper, like copper columns, and the inside is burned with charcoal." People are stripped naked, "iron chains are wrapped around copper columns, only burning limbs and bones, and smoke is exhausted." But this kind of torture is not used against rebellious civilians, but against civil servants. Xu Zhouchao Dianhui said that during the Jiajing period, Zhu Guan's erotic drama was excessive, and men and women often bathed naked in groups, and there was no gift for returning people. " Some people talk about yin and care about sex, so he added a "brand". This shows a cruel cultural mentality. Lin Dong party member Zuo Guangdou was also branded. Gu Gongxie's Excerpts from Summer Leisure said that his denomination was "unclear, and all the bones and muscles below his left knee fell off". This is caused by the struggle between different political factions within the class.
Therefore, extorting a confession by torture should be analyzed in detail. Besides, torture is not only to destroy flesh and blood. The main purpose of torture is to warn and show the law.
Yu Lu, a Grass Tree, describes Zhu Yuanzhang as strict with bureaucracy. "Anyone who obeys orders and is greedy for coolness will go to Beijing to complain. Those who steal more than sixty taels will be beheaded for public display, but they will still peel the grass. On the left side of Fuzhou County's official residence, there is a unique temple, named Pichang Temple, which worships land as land stripping. Next to the official position, a bag of peeled grass is hung, which is shocking. "
This inhuman torture is essentially a projection of the rulers' consciousness of trying to enslave their subordinates by cruel means, but it falls into the orbit of the legal system without losing dignity, which objectively has a great deterrent effect on corrupt and bribery officials. As historians have analyzed, the good official management in the early Ming Dynasty is also related to Zhu Yuanzhang's frequent use of torture. In order to make more people submit, the ancient rulers set the main target of torture on ordinary people, which was particularly prominent in the Qing Dynasty. Zhang's Notes on Guanhai in Daoxian County truly describes the torture in Sichuan during Daoguang's reign: some prisoners in the prison were locked in cages and died in a day, while others were cooked in a pot, which is "unspeakable". If you catch a rebel "bandit", don't ask whether it's true or not, first hit 400 small boards, and then hit two or three thousand small boards again to confess. If you don't decide the crime, you will be beaten to death in the hall, and your brain will crack and break ... because of torture, even people who are wrongly arrested in prison are often beaten to confess. In Liu Shengsan's Collection of Case-solving Novels in the Qing Dynasty, there is a double grievance, which describes the situation that the male and female cousins Wang He and Wei Youren were forced to confess under torture:
Nail bamboo sticks, spray blood with ten fingers, and bring slaves back from the dead. If you don't confess, your grandfather's criminal law is cruel, and it's embarrassing to recruit him in. ..... I have to admit that my confession ... hurts like shit. If you don't want to recruit your wife, you must plead guilty. Unless you ask cousin Yan Jun about adultery and conspiracy to poison, my master will approve my quick release.
Officials in the Qing dynasty also tried their best to "bring forth the old and bring forth the new" in the instruments of torture. Li Boyuan's "Hell on Earth" typically reflects the cruel scene caused by the harshness of instruments of torture: for example, "a pair of iron shoes, which burn red in the fire and touch your feet, is called' Hong Xiuxie'". In fact, this is a continuation of the "Hong Xiuxie" invented by Wei Zhongxian's adopted son Xu Xianchun at the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty. There is also "Crossing the Mountain Dragon", "That is, ask the blacksmith to make a bent pipe, straighten it for more than two feet, strip the prisoner naked, use a pipe to go up and down, and remove the heart and the lower part. Open a big mouth at the top of the tin tube and a small mouth at the bottom. If you pour boiling water from this end, it will flow all over your body and drip out from that end. This boiling water is uninterrupted. "
This is the same as the "tin snake" that Fujian officials put on the prisoner's waist during the Wanli period in Xie's Wen Hai Pi Sha. When interrogating prisoners, boiling water was poured into the empty heart of the "tin snake", and the prisoners were so hot that they had to act rashly ... In contrast, the "mountain dragon" in the Qing Dynasty was more cruel than the "tin snake" in the Ming Dynasty, which is a general trend.
Another example is the most commonly used board in execution. There have been iron plates in "Hell on Earth", hitting people with iron plates. "If you hit a dozen boards, the meat on your thighs will fly one by one, and even the meat will fly around with blood. By the time it was more than ten times, the meat had flown out and the bones were exposed. At this time, he told the executioner not to flatten the board, but to knock it sideways on his thigh, thus cracking the bone. Some will open bones, and the bone marrow will be marked a few feet away ... "
Through beating the board, the most common punishment in ancient times, people saw cruelty! This is also the original intention of Li Boyuan's creation of "Hell on Earth", which aims to expose the yamen of the Qing Dynasty as hell. ...
References:
Transferred from China Net Culture Channel.
Responder: maggot frozen child-trainee magician level 2-119:15.