Why can't the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom capture Changsha?
Due to the long bearing period, Changsha city wall has not been repaired for many years, and 1839 flood caused many collapses. ? The grass tide gate has no door, the cave can't get on the city gate, and there is no battlements? . At the same time, Changsha is also in the gap period of personnel changes. The new governor Zhang has not yet arrived, and Luo, who has been transferred, is still in Changsha, but it is inconvenient to ask more about military affairs. As the risk of invasion by Taiping Army increased sharply, Luo Raodian, the former governor of Hubei Province, who was temporarily transferred from his hometown in Hunan Province in the Qing Dynasty, assisted Hunan military affairs. However, Luo Raodian is new here and has many concerns.
For example, Luo Raodian found that there are many high-rise houses outside the south gate, which are the natural cover of the siege party and must be demolished. However, because the owners of high-rise residential buildings are either rich or expensive, they dare not go around the norms under their strong opposition? Forced demolition? . Changsha's urban defense facilities were dilapidated, and Luo Raodian dared not rely entirely on the city wall, so he tried to establish a peripheral defense line. However, the strength of Changsha at that time was only? Soldiers 3000, brave 3000? Extending the defense depth is easier said than done. The gutter capsizes, you miss the first chance, good things don't go out, and bad things spread thousands of miles.
Changsha rotten city, a break? The brothers of Hunan Heaven and Earth Society told Hong Xiuquan the news. Hong Xiuquan, who is at the gate of Guilin, shines at the moment and decides to attack Changsha. 1May, 852, after the Taiping Army captured Quanzhou, it took the waterway, went north along Xiangjiang River and went straight to Hunan. It was summer, the water was rising, and the ship was very fast. From Quanzhou to the north along the river, Yongzhou, Hengzhou and Changsha along the way are all weak in defense. The former Taiping Army? Run? Will arrive in Changsha quickly, and Changsha is hard to resist for a while. However, the confident Taiping Army stepped out of the house a few steps before the gutter capsized.
After the coir, Jiang Zhongyuan ambushed and defeated the Taiping Army. Taiping Army suffered heavy losses: Feng Yunshan was killed and Taiping Army was beaten? Less than ten thousand soldiers? Lost all the ships. In fact, there are only 1,000 people in Jiang Zhongyuan's ambush. Why did you cross here with hemp fiber? A sharp turn? This terrain is very obvious ambush terrain. With the strength of Taiping Army and Yang's combat capability, it is not impossible to avoid such setbacks if Taiping Army is more cautious. When the sewer capsized, the Taiping Army had to temporarily give up the idea of taking Changsha and turn from land to southern Hunan for further development.
In this way, the Qing army won valuable time and was able to seize the time to repair the city wall and mobilize the army. After the basic correct but flawed division of troops entered southern Hunan, the Taiping Army developed well. Hong Xiuquan once again confirmed the news that Changsha's defense was weak, and the Heaven and Earth Society in Chenzhou volunteered to be a guide, so Hong Xiuquan decided to attack Changsha again.
Hong Xiuquan and Yang stayed in Chenzhou and continued to preside over the expansion of the army. The 3000 elite troops headed by Xiao Chaogui attacked Changsha. At that time, the masses in Chenzhou actively joined the army, and the situation of Taiping Army's expansion was very good. Moreover, miners in Chenzhou and Guangxi are good at tunnels and blasting, which are very scarce engineering resources. At the same time, although Changsha's city defense is still very weak, it has a trend of continuous strengthening. If Taiping Army wants to take Changsha, it must do it as soon as possible. Therefore, it is basically reasonable to divide the troops and take care of the needs of expanding the army and attacking Changsha at the same time. However, there are quite a few problems in the allocation of short radius.
Since the Taiping army is going to attack Changsha, of course, it is necessary to fight for it! Changsha city defense is broken again. After all, it is also Changsha, with 3,000 people. Can you break it at one go? Xiao Chaogui's attack: wonderful+empty net, missed the second chance. Xiao Chaogui, you almost did it! On the third day after the Taiping Army captured Chenzhou, Xiao Chaogui led an expedition. Xiao Chaogui showed outstanding military, political and organizational abilities.
In just 20 days, the Taiping Army, namely, Lianke Yongxing, Anren, Youxian and Liling, completed a 600-mile long-distance attack from Chenzhou to Changsha. Moreover, Xiao Chaogui did not forget to develop his own team in the rush army. He obtained a large number of red medicine (gunpowder) and food crops from Suoke area, and absorbed the armed forces such as the Heaven and Earth Society, and his strength increased to nearly 10,000 people. Xiao Chaogui's performance is not over yet! Remember the three lines of defense set by Luo Raodian? Xiao Chaogui's speed is too fast. The first line of defense of the Qing army in the vault has not been completed, and Xiao Chaogui has already broken through! Luo Raodian's second line of defense, in Shimapu? Jinpenling
The Shaanxi army stationed here has no experience in fighting the Taiping Army, neither repairing the defense nor making full preparations. Xiao Chaogui lured the enemy with light troops, and wiped out the Qing army outside the city with a quick victory of annihilation! Xiao Chaogui's lightning attack soon ushered in one for himself? Open an empty door? Opportunity! Due to the lack of preparation of the Qing army, when the Taiping Army attacked, the south gate was not closed and Daimon Masaru opened! It's a pity that the soldiers of Taiping Army have mistaken the door. They thought that a tall building was a city gate and ran into it, which delayed the time. After a while, the door closed. Without an empty net, Xiao Chaogui had to regroup and turn to the defensive.
Soon, Xiao Chaogui was shot and the siege war fell into a trough. Lack of experience in soil attack, missed the third chance. After Xiao Chaogui's death, Hong Xiuquan and Yang came to the battlefield with an army. Similarly, the peripheral Qing army followed closely. And Zhang, the newly appointed governor of the Qing Dynasty, has finally arrived. He and his staff, Zuo, and others went to the city. At this time, inside and outside Changsha, there were about 30,000 Taiping troops and 50,000 Qing troops (mostly outside the city), and the Taiping army besieged Changsha with the weaker side. The situation is already very unfavorable.
At the same time, perhaps because of the chaos brought by Xiao Chaogui's sudden death to the command system of the vanguard troops, the main force of Taiping Army did not get sufficient guidance after arriving and did not seize the grave of Cai Gong. Due to the failure to capture Cai Gong's grave, the Taiping Army could only be confined to the south of the city, and its strength was not easy to expand, which adversely affected the siege. However, Hong Xiuquan and Yang did not panic. They used the unused fortifications of Luorao store to resist the peripheral Qing army. At the same time, with a wave of coquettish movements, Shi Dakai took control of Orange Island and other places, crossed the Xiangjiang River, and gained hay and retreat for the Taiping Army. Later, they pinned their hopes on the tunnel!
The engineers of Taiping Army are really not built. Soon, they organized three tunnel offensives in succession. They blasted the hole and gave the Taiping Army an excellent opportunity to break the city. However, at this time, although the Taiping Army had an engineering team, it lacked experience in soil attack organization. After the completion of blasting and blasting, they often just rushed into the narrow breakthrough and did not attack in other directions. In this way, the Qing army was able to concentrate its forces on the narrow incision to fight against the Taiping Army and repel the Taiping Army. At the same time, the left-right strategy also played a key role.
1, Zuo has a good knowledge of geomantic omen and Yin and Yang geography. He placed water tanks in all directions and called the blind in the city (with good hearing). Listen. Tunnel, in order to judge in advance, destroys the tunnel of Taiping Army and reduces the efficiency of Taiping Army's digging.
2. Quick thinking. When the Taiping Army succeeded in blasting, Zuo issued an order: As long as citizens throw a brick at the door, they will be rewarded whether they hit anyone or not? ! Therefore, the Taiping rebels who broke through were often attacked by the Qing army, which was hard to come by. In this way, the Taiping Army failed in all three soil attacks! transfer
It was difficult to build a city before, and then the Qing army was strengthened one after another, and the Taiping Army was forced to move. The Taiping Army lied about surrendering, pretending that the Taiping Army had dug a tunnel leading to Tianxin Pavilion, which caused the Qing army to be nervous. Later, just as the generals of the Qing army focused on investigating the roads in the city, the Taiping Army moved smoothly. It was not until a few days after the Taiping army moved that the Qing army suddenly realized! So, in the final stage, the Taiping Army successfully passed the customs under the eyes of tens of thousands of Qing troops with their excellent strategy? Disappear? Yes Generally speaking, the battle of Changsha has many bright spots. Yang, Xiao Chaogui and Shi Dakai all showed outstanding military and political talents and strategies.
From less than 10,000 troops when entering Hunan to 8 1 besieging Changsha, it itself showed the vitality of the Taiping Army at that time. However, there are still many immature places in the strategy and tactics of Taiping Army. It is understandable to divide our troops to attack Changsha, but we only divide our troops by 3 thousand, which is quite suspected of underestimating our enemy. The wizard uses an imperfect system. This made the Taiping Army fail to seize the opportunity that the south gate was not closed to break the city, and then failed to seize the Cai cemetery, limiting the siege. Lack of experience in soil attack. This enabled the Taiping Army to complete three explosions, but failed to break the city. Later, the Taiping Army learned some lessons.
An Yang arranged a perfect and meticulous guidance system, and the Taiping Army's soil attack tactics were constantly summarized and further matured in the study, which achieved outstanding results in the subsequent Wuchang and Nanjing operations. Similarly, the Changsha garrison on the other side also showed a unique domineering temperament; Zuo and others also began to step onto the historical stage because of their strategies and responsibilities. The Qing army and the Taiping army stationed in Hunan began a long fight!