Which countries did the Ottoman Empire split into later?
The decline of the Ottoman Empire is a long process. Since 1830, when Greece gained its independence after nine years of bloody fighting, the old Ottoman Empire went into decline under the attack of internal ethnic contradictions and external European powers, and its territory was also lost in a large area until World War I nailed the last nail to this zombie country.
In its heyday, the territory of the former Ottoman Empire started from Morocco in the west, Iraq in the east, Crimea in the north and the Gulf of Aden in the south. It is the last great empire in the world that spans Europe, Asia and Africa. However, with the rise of modern European countries and the development of industrial revolution, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined because of its arrogance, extravagance and brutal rule, and became a piece of cake carved up by European countries.
Tsarist Russia won Crimea, Moldavia and Caucasus through ten wars with Turkey, and Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, once vassal States, also declared their independence one after another. Even the Austro-Hungarian Empire, known as the sick man of Europe, took Bosnia and Herzegovina into its pocket at1912-13 with little difficulty.
Most of the territory of the Ottoman Empire is in North Africa, which has become a carnival for European powers to carve up Africa. 1830, France incorporated the coastal areas of Algeria into France. 1884, after the European countries negotiated to carve up Africa, they successively got Tunisia and Morocco, while Spain annexed the Strait of Gibraltar. Italy fought an Italian-Turkish war at 19 1.
At this time, the Ottoman sultan can't even control himself. 1805, Muhammad Ali established the Ali dynasty in Egypt and began to expand. He annexed Sudan to the south, suppressed the Greek uprising to the north, entered the Arabian Peninsula to the east, and pocketed the Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus. Egypt once had a tendency to replace Osman as the new hegemon of the Islamic world.
Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. When Britain and Russia, two deadly enemies in the Great Game era, formed a temporary alliance, forcing Ali to sign a peace agreement in 1840 and give up all the territory he had expanded, Egypt declined, and Britain took Egypt and Sudan under its banner in no hurry after more than 40 years. At this point, the Ottoman Empire's territory in North Africa has been carved up, leaving only its land in Asia, and Hade's cynical behavior after the Turkish Youth Party revolution in 1908 has lost its territory in Asia.
The Ottoman Empire was the only Islamic force that could challenge the rising Christian countries in Europe from15th century to19th century. However, the Ottoman Empire could not resist the impact of modern European powers. At the beginning of the19th century, the Treaty of Karowitz was the main symbol of the decline, and finally it was defeated by the Allied forces in the First World War, so the Ottoman Empire split. After that, Kemal led the uprising, repelled the European forces and established the Republic of Turkey, thus ending the Ottoman Empire.