What are the basic elements of urban park landscape design? What are the main contents of park planning and design?
City park is a recreational space with beautiful environment in the city. It is an oasis in the city. It is an important place for urban residents to have cultural rest and other activities. It plays an important role in beautifying the city, balancing the urban ecological environment, regulating the climate, and It has a positive effect on purifying the air. The urban park system is a composite ecosystem. When we develop resources and construct, we need to first consider how to incorporate landscape ecological theory, enhance the stability of the park ecosystem, and improve the quality of the landscape. However, there is a misunderstanding in the current ecological landscape construction of urban parks that emphasizes ecology rather than ecology. The function of urban parks to balance the environment cannot be fully exerted. Although it has attracted the attention of knowledgeable people, this article will not focus on the ecological landscape planning of urban parks. Let’s talk about some elements.
1. Follow nature and reveal nature
Modern urban residents are getting further and further away from nature, and natural elements and natural processes are becoming increasingly invisible. The skyline of distant mountains, the horizon and the horizontal line underfoot , has almost become an abstract noun. How to reveal natural elements and natural processes in the planning and construction of urban parks to guide people to experience nature? The planning of parks should not only start from a single purpose of tourism economy, but should integrate the ecological system In order to meet the needs of the purpose, follow nature and reveal nature, the scenery composition should focus on the creation of artistic conception, focusing on natural beauty, supplemented by artificial beauty, making full use of the beauty of rocks, water bodies, plants, animals, and celestial phenomena to shape the natural landscape and integrate artificial facilities and carving traces are integrated into the natural scenery, thereby maximizing ecological value. For example, Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing borrows the beauty of the Purple Mountain and incorporates fresh lake water and emerald green islands (continents) with minimal artificial facilities and tourist attractions to form an oxygen bar for the city and a place for people to rest; Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou The park takes advantage of the topography of Yuexiu Mountain to create undulating hills and varied landscapes. It does not require much planning and is already stunningly beautiful.
2. Environmental correlation
There are environmental correlations both externally and internally. The ancient Chinese not only created the concept of "harmony between man and nature", but also created ideas related to Feng Shui. Outside the city, there are large environmental landscape backgrounds such as natural mountains, rivers and lakes, forests, and wetlands. Inside the city, there are different site conditions and enclosed space forms. When ecological planning and construction of urban parks, we must seize the characteristics of the large environmental landscape and the park environmental landscape characteristics. , write articles related to the environment. For example, West Lake Park and Hangzhou City form a landscape form dominated by lakes. The most important thing in the environmental correlation of urban park ecological landscape construction is to find out the dominant factors of the park and the environmental characteristics of the urban environment.
3. Suitable for the site
In the ecological landscape planning of urban parks, it is also a very key element to adapt to local conditions, give full play to the advantages of the original terrain and vegetation, combine with nature, and shape nature. The appropriateness of the park should be reflected in the entire process of park planning and layout, functional zoning, and attraction creation. For example, in terms of park layout, Changfeng Park in Shanghai combines lowlands and river bends, and manages water and mountains. The water is mainly concentrated and supplemented by division. The mountains are divided into main peaks and secondary peaks, which are scattered high and low. They look at each other and imitate nature. The appropriate layout of the park should be based on the size of the park and the surrounding environment. Different planning and layout methods should be adopted. Large parks can be divided into multiple scenic spots and multiple "gardens within gardens", while small parks can appropriately use the method of borrowing scenery from various sources to open up space. limitation. For example, Guilin Fubo Park covers an area of only 1.1 hectares. It is far away from the Li River and uses mountains to separate scenic spots. It has diverse contents and integrates nature. In terms of the park's function and landscaping, the park should be suitable for the land. The landscaping should be characterized by natural beauty, and the functions should balance the urban ecological environment and be people-oriented. For example, Mochou Lake Park in Nanjing is located in the bustling urban area of Nanjing. The clear lake water and dense forests have effectively adjusted the environment of the area. Cultural monuments such as the Legend of Mochou Girl have added to the cultural context of the park and become a unique recreational attraction in Nanjing. place.
4. Give full play to the landscaping function of plants
The plants in the park have natural growth posture, shape, color and taste. They not only have different phases within a day, The light and shade, light and shadow become larger, and there are more changes in the scenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The seasonal changes of green in spring, dense shade in summer, red leaves in autumn and green pines in winter bring a clear sense of the four seasons to people. , allowing people to feel the breath of nature most directly, the large-area plant community landscape is spectacular and fresh, the beautiful canopy line, charming forest phase and forest layer. Therefore, at the same time, some plants are also endowed with personified characters or unique symbolic meanings, such as the "Four Gentlemen" of plum, orchid, bamboo, and chrysanthemum, the "Three Friends of Suihan" with pine, bamboo, and plum, and the "Yutang" of magnolia, crabapple, peony, and osmanthus. "Wealth and honor", etc., improve the cultural connotation of the plant landscape. Plant landscaping, especially the construction of artificial plant community landscapes, should be listed at the top of the landscape composition elements from the ecological perspective, economic value, artistic effect and functional significance, and become the core of the ecological landscape construction of urban parks.
5. Handle the relationship between style and ecology
Landscape is the carrier of natural and cultural systems. Scientific planning and construction of ecological landscapes in urban parks is an effective combination of ecology and style. Process, ecological construction and cultural construction always run through the entire process of scenic spot planning and construction. No aspect, any combination of corridors, nodes, and patch mosaics cannot be ignored or emphasized. The natural environment of urban parks is closely related to the cultural environment (such as historical sites). Planning and constructing a good ecological park requires skillful use of nature and good combination of historical sites, so as to interpret the cultural monuments passed down through the ages in the natural habitat. Famous buildings and ancient pavilions are built in Among the green waves of Cangshan Mountain.