Where does the water of Haihe River in Tianjin come from?
Haihe River is the mother river of Tianjin, so Tianjin people are called "children of Haihe River". I checked, Haihe River is a typical "fan-shaped water system", which originates from five tributaries of Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain, and the length is similar. Moreover, it is said that Haihe River is a typical tidal river. At high tide, seawater can reach Yangliuqing, Yangfen Port and Yangcun along the river, so there is a saying that "the tide is only three yang".
Since ancient times, there is no living thing without water. Water is the source of all things, and Haihe River is the mother of Tianjin people. As a "floating city", the significance of rivers to Tianjin is self-evident. Tianjin people regard Haihe River as their mother river. Some people think that the source of Haihe River is Tianjin. In fact, it can only be said that the main stream of Haihe River is in Tianjin, with a total length of 73 kilometers. Haihe culture, Bohai culture, canal culture, water transport culture and dock culture in Tianjin are all born of water.
In the past, Tianjin had other nicknames, such as Jingu, zhi gu, Dinggu and Jinmen. Judy, the prince of the Ming Dynasty, crossed the river here and took the world. There are different opinions about the source of Haihe River. I learned that the source of Haihe River is Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain. No matter what mode of transportation, it must be from the crossroads of north-south traffic. Legend has it that all nine sons of the dragon survived, and nine rivers first gathered in the Haihe River and then rushed into the sea, which gave birth to the theory that nine rivers in Tianjin were under the sea. Regarding the record of Sanchakou estuary, Qian Gang of Tianjin Literature and History Museum said that the History of Song Dynasty recorded that the Yellow River reached Sanchakou estuary in Duliuzhai, Qingzhou in 108 1 year. The main stream of the whole water system is very short, but there are many tributaries, including more than 300 rivers, the length of which exceeds 10 km. But no matter where the water in Tianjin comes from, it flows into the sea anyway.
Haihe River, also known as the ancient river, now named after people, is the largest water system in northern China.
Haihe River consists of five major water systems: Jiyun Canal-Chaobai-North Canal, Yongding River, Daqinghe River, Ziya River and Zhangwei-South Canal, which meet in Tianjin and its vicinity from different directions, flow eastward to Dagukou and pour into Bohai Sea.
Haihe River takes Weihe River as its source, with a total length of 1090 km; The main stream below the confluence is 76 kilometers long. The main stream of Haihe River refers to a section of river from Sancha River near Tianjin Jingang Bridge to Haihe Gate in Dagukou East.
Haihe river basin covers an area of 264,600 square kilometers, with an average annual discharge of 7 17m? /sec, with a total runoff of 22.6 billion meters? . The topography of the basin is high in the north, west and southwest, low in the northeast, and its tributaries meet in Tianjin from the north, northwest, west and southwest.
The five sources of Haihe River originate from Yanshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Hengshan Mountain and Loess Plateau respectively, and the water system is fan-shaped:
① Jiyun _ Chaobai River _ North Canal.
Jiyun Canal has two sources, namely Dongzhou River and Xiyuan River. The two rivers meet at Jiuwangzhuang, Baodi District, Tianjin, and are later called the Jiyun Canal. After receiving the Returning River at Jiangwakou, the downstream reaches the sea via Beitang and Yongding New River. The total length is 3 16 km.
Chaobai River originates from Baihe River in Guyuan County, Hebei Province and Chaohe River in Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, and is called Chaobai River after meeting in Miyun District of Beijing. The south flows to the east of Niulanshan and joins the Huaihe River, Zhaozhuang in Shunyi District to Jiang 'an River, and Tongzhou District to the North Canal. The total length is 467 kilometers, and the drainage area is 1956 square kilometers.
The North Canal originates from Wenyu River in Beijing and consists of Dongsha River, Beisha River and Nansha River. After the confluence of Shahe River in Changping District, the three rivers flow to Tongzhou District, which is called the North Canal. It flows to the southeast, accepts the Longfeng New River in wuqing district, Tianjin, and joins the Haihe River in Dahongqiao, Tianjin, all of which are excavated manually, with a total length of140km.
② Yongding River.
Yongding River is 68 1km long with a drainage area of 50,900 km2 (to Qujiadian Station). The upper reaches of Yongding River are composed of Yanghe River and Sanggan River. The two rivers meet in Zhuguantun, Huailai County, Hebei Province, and then enter Guanting Reservoir. After crossing Guanting Gorge, it is called Yongding River. Yongding River to Qujiadian in the northern suburb of Tianjin joins the North Canal and flows into Haihe River.
Yongding River has a large sediment concentration, second only to the Yellow River, so it is also called Hunhe River and Xiaohe River. Because of the large amount of sediment, sediment is deposited into an "overground river" and is often flooded.
③ Daqing River.
Daqing River, also known as Shangxi River, is about 483 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 32,700 square kilometers (to the industrial, agricultural and military gates). There are many tributaries of Daqing River, most of which originate from the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, and the source is short and urgent. The upper reaches are mainly composed of Juma River in the north and Zhaowang River in the south.
4. Ziya River.
Ziya River is composed of Hutuo River and Fuyang River, which is called Ziya River after the confluence of Zangjia Bridge in xian county. Ziya River flows through Xihe Gate to Huinan Canal in Tianjin, to the junction of Liubao and Daqing River, and then to the junction of Jingang Bridge and North Canal. The total length is 747 kilometers (to Haikou) and the drainage area is 46,000 square kilometers (to xian county). There are many tributaries in the upstream, and the downstream drainage is not smooth during flood season, which used to be flooded.
⑤ Zhangweihe _ South Canal.
The South Canal refers to the section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal from Shandong to Tianjin, and it is named because it is located in the south of Tianjin. The upper reaches consist of Zhanghe River and Weihe River, which meet in Guantao County, Hebei Province, and then reach Linqing City, Shandong Province, which is called Wei Canal.
The five sources of Haihe River originate from Yanshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Hengshan Mountain and Loess Plateau, with high sediment concentration, rising water at the same time in flood season and poor drainage in the downstream. Due to the disrepair of water conservancy, floods and droughts occurred frequently in history. According to records, during the 580 years from 1368 to 1948, there were 387 floods and 407 droughts in Haihe River. Each flood involves 100 counties. During this period, Tianjin was flooded more than 70 times.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Haihe River Basin was comprehensively managed. Control soil erosion in mountainous areas upstream of tributaries, and build reservoirs for flood control and water storage, such as Miyun and Guanting reservoirs; Dredge the middle reaches of the river and reinforce the dikes; A new river was built in the downstream plain area, and the flood water was introduced into the sea. In the middle and lower reaches, flood discharge channels such as Liu Du Jianhe River, Yongding New River, Ziya New River and Chaobai New River have been established, forming a seawater separation system. Dagukou has a tidal gate. Therefore, there is basically no flood in the whole Haihe River basin.
The pictures are all selected from the network.
Last year, there was a TV series "River God" which was very popular, and it was about Haihe River. Haihe River is one of the seven rivers in China (the other five rivers are Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Huaihe River, Songhua River and Liaohe River). Haihe River, like the Yellow River, has the Bohai Sea at its mouth. Historically, the Shanghai River was invaded by the Yellow River, but in the end it went its separate ways.
Where does the water of Haihe River come from? Of course, from its source, from its tributary. Haihe River has five main tributaries, namely North Canal, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River and South Canal. There are two canals. What is the reason? The canal is also a tributary. It turns out that the formation of Haihe River system has been influenced by human beings since ancient times, such as Cao Cao's artificial connection of several big rivers to unify the north, and the Yongji Canal built by Emperor Yang Di.
The five tributaries have their own tributaries. These rivers, large and small, extend to eight provinces such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, just like roots deeply rooted in the land. Among these secondary, tertiary or even lower tributaries, we are familiar with Sanggan River (The Sun Shines on Sanggan River written by Ding Ling), Zhanghe River, Weihe River and Qihe River (also often seen in the Book of Songs).
Tianjin people have deep feelings for Haihe River. The original name of Tianjin means "the ferry of the son of heaven"
Haihe River is the mother river of Tianjin people. In the past, people often said that the source of Haihe River was Tianjin. Geographically, the main stream of Haihe River passes through Tianjin, with a total length of only over 70 kilometers. According to the ancient book Cihai, the Haihe River originated in Weihe area of Henan Province, so it is estimated that the total length of Haihe River is about 1 100 km. According to scientific research, China Statistical Yearbook recognized and applied this viewpoint. However, according to the comprehensive planning of the Haihe River Basin, the Haihe River actually originated from the Zhanghe River in Shanxi Province, so it is estimated that the total length of the Haihe River is about 1000 km.
Haihe River is a water system, and its upstream includes five tributaries: Chaobai River, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River and South Canal, which is actually the largest water system in North China. Haihe River system borders Bohai Sea in the east, Yellow River in the south, Taihang Mountain in the west and Inner Mongolia Plateau in the north. It spans eight provinces and cities including Shanxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, with a total drainage area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers, supporting tens of millions of people. It is the well-deserved mother river of North China except the Yellow River.
Tianjin is known as the lower tip of Jiujiang! Almost all rivers in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei converge to Haihe River.
This is a geographical map of the Haihe River basin, but not all of this water flows to the Haihe River.
This is a detailed drawing, but the water entering the Haihe River, that is, the part below the Sancha estuary in Tianjin, is even less.
Historically, there have been many floods in the Shanghai river basin, and the Yellow River has also seized the Haihe waterway and entered the sea. The last flood was in the 1960s, and Mao Zedong specifically ordered that "Haihe River must be eradicated". Many canals and cofferdams have been built to draw water from the Haihe River.
At present, Haihe River mainly flows from Yongding River, Daqing River, Chaobai River and Ziya River, which were originally tributaries of Haihe River. After water conservancy construction, many people have their own direct estuaries. But it can also be manually deployed into the Haihe River.
Haihe River was originally a big river with the scale of Huanghuai, with tributaries all over Hebei, including Zhanghe River, Weihe River, Ziya River, Hutuo River and Daqing River, as small as Yongding River, Chaobai River and Fuyang River. Later, because of the dense river network, there was a developed water transport from the Han Dynasty, and it took a lot of effort to repair the canal in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Later, in the early Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River seized Yongji Canal (a section of Sui and Tang Canal) and entered the sea through Jixian County, resulting in frequent floods in Haihe River, which can be called a small flood for three years and a big flood for five years. After that, the Yellow River changed its course many times, which made the originally orderly Haihe, Huaihe and Jihe rivers into chaos and aggravated the already serious floods. The situation that Haihe River was a disaster for Hebei ended in the mid-1950s after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Chairman Mao advocated harnessing the Haihe River. With the unremitting efforts of the people of Hebei Province, Ziya New River and Zhangwei New River were built to divert the waterways of the tributaries in the upper reaches of the Haihe River, thus completely eliminating the floods in the Haihe River. However, because of this, the water level of Haihe River and its upstream tributaries dropped significantly, which indirectly led to the large-scale over-exploitation of groundwater in Hebei in the 1990 s, leading to land salinization. In 1950s and 1960s, under the large-scale human intervention that ignored the laws of nature, the Haihe River was no longer a scourge, but it was also greatly reduced in scale, laying a hidden danger for the increasing shortage of water resources caused by the rapid population growth and large-scale industrial development in Hebei.
Shanxi Province is a place short of water, but there is a county with hundreds of springs and 10 lakes! All the water here flows to Haihe River, Houwan Reservoir, the second largest reservoir in Shanxi Province, which is formed by the basin of this county! This county is Qinzhou-Qinxian, the northern water city of China! So Qin County is the first source of Haihe River!
Short answer: At present, the water of Haihe River is bought from Panjiakou Reservoir. It turned out that water was diverted from Luanhe River to Tianjin to solve the problem of domestic water use. Now, with the opening of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, most of the water that Tianjin people drink comes from Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the water from Panjiakou Reservoir becomes a backup water source, and part of it is used as landscape water. Water from Haihe River is now diverted from Luanhe River to Tianjin.
Among the numerous water systems in China, Haihe River is a very special one. All other rivers are a main stream, and all tributaries flow into it. However, Haihe River is a super fan-shaped water system. In the northern part of North China Plain, many rivers are classified as seawater system.
Of course, there is a river called Haihe River, the most famous of which is Haihe River in Tianjin. Haihe River in Tianjin belongs to Haihe River, and its upstream source comes from the eastern mountains of Inner Mongolia Plateau.
When it comes to Tianjin, we have to mention Haihe River, which is like Huangpu River to Shanghai, Qinhuai River to Nanjing and Qiantang River to Hangzhou. Haihe River is one of the seven major rivers in China and the largest river in northern China.
Generally speaking, there is more than one Haihe River system, which mainly includes five major rivers: Haihe River, Daqing River, Ziya River, South Canal and Yongding River. There are more than 300 tributary water systems, which are fan-shaped and flow into the Bohai Sea as a whole.
Haihe river basin is mainly composed of Haihe river system and Luanhe river system, covering an area of more than 365,438+0,000 square kilometers, more than half of which are mountainous plateaus. Although it is not large, there are nearly 1 100 million people living in the basin, and the cultivated land reaches 654.38+0.8 billion mu.
Due to the special shape of the Haihe River, Tianjin, located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River, was also called "the lower tip of nine rivers" in ancient times. The Haihe River formed a large number of ancient estuaries in Tianjin, and five major rivers merged into the Haihe River at the mouth of three branches in Tianjin.
In Gong Yu more than 2,000 years ago, the Haihe River was called the "reverse river" because it was often flooded by the tide. It was renamed the "ancient river" in the Sui Dynasty and the "He Jie" in the Northern Song Dynasty. The name of Haihe River did not appear until the Ming Dynasty.
In the past, there was a saying in Tianjin that "Nine Rivers are at the bottom of Tianjin, three pontoons and two passes", but there have been different opinions about what nine rivers are. Even in ancient times, "nine" is usually an imaginary number, which does not necessarily mean that it is really nine rivers.
Because there are many rivers in the Haihe River, there are many sources in the Haihe River system, and there have been many different views on the source of the Haihe River. Until now, this has been a controversial issue.
There are two mainstream theories. According to Ci Hai, the Weihe River is the source, and according to the Comprehensive Planning of Haihe River Basin, the Zhanghe River is the source. According to the principle of "only far from the source", it is considered that the source of Haihe River is the source of Weihe River, that is, Taihang Mountain in Duohuo Town, Lingchuan, Shanxi Province.
Haihe river basin belongs to the continental climate zone of warm temperate zone, with a lot of high temperature precipitation in summer and very cold and dry in winter. It often happens that the river surges after heavy rain, and drought and flood turn sharply.
Generally speaking, more than 80% of the water in Haihe River comes from precipitation, and groundwater recharge accounts for 10%. In some places, groundwater recharge accounts for over 40%. Tianjin, located at the mouth of the sea, almost all the rivers here come from precipitation.
Do you know where it is? Bird Town, Qin County, Shanxi Province, the source of Zhanghe River.