What should we pay attention to in foggy weather?
Beginning on December 18, 2004, heavy foggy weather in northern India led to many traffic accidents, killing at least 17 people. Local police said that in the northeastern Indian state of Bihar, a bus full of Indian pilgrims returning from the Hajj in Nepal accidentally fell from a bridge due to low visibility caused by heavy fog on the evening of the 18th, killing at least 14 people. , 25 people were injured. Heavy fog also made rescue efforts difficult. On the same day, heavy fog also caused two other traffic accidents in Bihar. Two cars collided with two moving trains, killing three people. In addition, heavy fog also affected local air and rail transportation. In New Delhi, the capital of India, many international and domestic flights were forced to postpone their departures due to heavy fog, and on-time train operations were also affected.
The formation of fog is similar to the formation process of clouds. They are both caused by a drop in temperature. Therefore, fog can also be said to be a cloud close to the ground. If the ground loses heat, the temperature drops, and the air is quite humid, then when it cools to a certain level, part of the water vapor in the air will condense out and turn into many small water droplets, suspended in the air layer near the ground, forming Fog. Heavy fog often causes highway closures, shipping disruptions, airport closures, flight delays, and even major traffic accidents, as the above examples are clear evidence. Our country's flights, roads, subways, buses, railways and long-distance passenger transport have also been greatly affected by fog. Taking Beijing as an example, on December 1, 2008, more than 700 planes were planned to take off at the Capital Airport, and almost all of them were delayed. In addition, , none of the planes that were scheduled to land at other airports returned to Beijing.
In foggy weather, people should increase their awareness of self-protection and change their activity plans according to weather conditions. For example, it is not suitable for physical exercise in foggy weather. Some people are very determined to exercise and never stop no matter what the weather is. In fact, perseverance is a good thing, but persisting every day may not be correct. For example, exercising in foggy weather may not be worth the gain. On foggy days, pollutants combine with water vapor in the air and become difficult to diffuse and settle, causing most pollutants to accumulate at heights where people frequently move. Moreover, some harmful substances will become more toxic when combined with water vapor, such as sulfur dioxide becoming sulfuric acid or sulfite, chlorine hydrolyzing into hydrogen chloride or hypochlorous acid, and fluoride hydrolyzing into hydrogen fluoride. Therefore, the air pollution in foggy days is much more serious than usual. There is another reason that needs to be emphasized, that is, the particles that make up the fog core are easily inhaled by people and are easily retained in the human body. When exercising, the amount of air inhaled is much larger than usual. Exercise in foggy days inhales particles. There will be a lot, which further aggravates the damage of harmful substances to the human body. If you stay in this environment for a long time, the human body will inhale harmful substances, consume nutrients, cause internal damage, and easily induce or aggravate diseases. In particular, some people with environmentally sensitive diseases, such as bronchial asthma, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, will have normal blood circulation blocked, leading to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.
In foggy weather, people should reduce their outdoor activity time, wear scarves and masks when outdoors, and protect their skin, throat, joints and other parts. Middle-aged and elderly people, children, and people with weak health should pay more attention to protection. In foggy weather, patients with relevant respiratory history should not go out in the morning and evening to minimize the chance of going to public places. If heavy fog lasts for 3 to 4 days, it will burden patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma and other diseases. For ordinary people, we should avoid overexertion and eat less spicy food. You can eat more shrimp skin, milk, and tofu appropriately, and supplement vitamin D at the same time. Pay attention to preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections, colds, acute trachea, bronchitis and other diseases.
In addition, people driving in foggy days should be extra careful. Specifically, they should do the following:
(1) Strictly abide by traffic rules. Poor visibility when driving in foggy weather is the main cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, when driving in foggy weather, the first thing to do is to keep a sufficient safe distance from the vehicle in front, and do not follow too closely, let alone overtake casually.
(2) Control vehicle speed. Try to drive in the middle of the road and do not drive along the roadside to prevent accidentally falling into the drainage ditch on the side of the road or colliding with a temporarily parked car on the side of the road. Observe the regulations on the use of lights, turn on the front and rear fog lights, tail lights, width lights and low beam lights, and use lights to improve visibility. Do not use high-beam headlights when driving in foggy weather, because the light emitted by high-beam headlights is easily diffusely reflected by the fog, forming a vast white field in front of the car, and the driver cannot see anything. In foggy weather when visibility is poor, honking the horn frequently can serve as a warning to other vehicles. When you hear the horn of other cars, you should immediately honk your horn in response to indicate your driving position.
(3) Follow instructions. You must obey the instructions of the highway law enforcement officers. When waiting at the toll station, you should abide by the traffic rules and do not fight for the lane. When releasing vehicles in formation, you must keep a distance between vehicles. It is strictly forbidden to overtake the vehicle in front until you leave the foggy road section.