Layout of Chang 'an City in Tang Dou (Record)
covers the layout of neighborhoods in Chang 'an City, Tang Dou. The biggest architectural feature of Chang 'an City is that the streets in the city are all east-west, or north-south, with upright arrangement and correct direction. free from worry is spacious, just like a chessboard with clear rules. When you think about it carefully, the dotted palaces and neighborhoods are listed like stars in the sky and distributed like chess, which is simply an endless game of Go. There are thirteen gates in Chang 'an, including three gates in the east, west and south, and four gates in the north wall. There are thirteen months in a leap year in the lunar calendar, so thirteen city gates symbolize a leap year; The northern end is where Miyagi is, where the emperor lives and works. Is this an extra one? Leap? The door is placed on the north wall, symbolizing royalty? Leap gas? . There are many ways to divide yin and yang in human body, one of which is: Yin is static, representing human skin, and Yang is dynamic, representing flowing blood. The city wall is the surface, which is quite human skin; Streets are internal, which is equivalent to human blood. This theory of yin and yang has been more widely used in the architectural layout of Chang 'an, Tang Dou. Not only are the city walls and palace walls open around squares, but the squares separated by streets are also surrounded by rammed earth, with doors open on all sides and streets on all sides. There are eleven north-south streets and fourteen east-west streets in the city. Among them, six main streets running through three gates in the south and six gates in the east and west are the main roads. Sixth street? . The three north-south streets are Qixiamen Street, Suzaku Street and Anhuamen Street, all of which are more than 1 meters wide. Among them, Suzaku Street is 15 meters wide, which is the widest street in the city. The name of Suzaku Street comes from Suzaku Gate in the Imperial City. It is connected with Suzaku Gate and Nanda Mingde Gate, which runs through the north and south of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty and is the main axis of the city. Among them, the northern section from Zhuquemen to Chengtianmen, the main entrance of Miyagi, is located in the imperial city. Tianjie? . To the south of the Imperial City, the street connecting Chunmingmen and Jinguangmen is the east-west main street, which crosses Suzaku Street and connects the whole process, making the whole Imperial City and Miyagi look more majestic and tall. Twenty-five streets criss-crossing the east and west and north and south in Chang 'an City divide the whole city into two cities and 18 squares. Among them, Zhuque Street divides the urban area into two parts: the eastern part belongs to Wannian County, which should have 55 squares, and Qujiang Scenic Area in the southeast corner of the city occupies the land of two squares, so < P > it actually leads 53 squares; The west belongs to Chang 'an County, with one city and 55 squares. The symbolic meaning of the arrangement of 18 squares: 18 squares just correspond to 18 stars that symbolize 18 gods (such as 18 generals in Water Margin); Thirteen squares are arranged in the north and south, symbolizing a leap in a year; South of the imperial city, there are four squares in the east and west, symbolizing the four seasons of the year; To the south of the imperial city, there are nine squares in the north and south, symbolizing the so-called "Zhou Li" recorded in the book? Five cities and nine kui? . Judging from the size of each square, the square area on the east and west sides of the imperial city and Miyagi is larger, and the square area south of the imperial city is smaller. The rise and fall of each square also rose and fell with the change of the Tang Dynasty's struggle for wisdom. For example, when Taiji Palace was used as the palace in the early Tang Dynasty, the squares on the east and west sides of the imperial city were relatively prosperous; From Gaozong to Ruizong, Daming Palace was the center, and its southern squares became prosperous areas. When Xuanzong was in power, he moved to Xingqing Palace, and the squares near Xingqing Palace flourished again. Although the squares in Chang 'an City are not suitable in size and have different prosperity, their structures are basically the same. Square 36-151, south of the Imperial City, is close to the Imperial Palace and has only east and west streets, so it only opens east and west doors, not north and south doors. It is said that this arrangement is to prevent leakage? Wang qi? , destroyed the geomantic omen, the interior of the Fang, and divided the Fang into four parts by a small street with a width of 15 meters, which was divided layer by layer to form 16 communities, not afraid of being very neat. The streets and lanes of Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty are not afraid, which can be described as ingenious. Its uniform structure makes the whole imperial city look natural and graceful, and its rank is orderly. Looking back thousands of years ago, the Tang Empire, which was a great power in the world, showed its great power style with its gloomy capital style. No wonder today, places where Chinese people live in concentrated communities all over the world are still called? Chinatown? . Second, the layout of the palace is to imitate nature, and it is also the embodiment of the concept of geomantic omen. Traditional geomantic omen advocates the meridian direction in architecture, that is, sitting north facing south, which has been respected by emperors in past dynasties. The original palace buildings in Chang 'an, Tang Dou all sat in the meridian direction facing south. The seat of the ancient emperor of our country is in the north and faces the south. Because the emperor is a long time, just like above, so the emperor sits in the north, and the north is? Go? And the ministers sitting in the south are humble, and the south will become? Next? Yes. Outside, the south gate of Miyagi was named? Suzaku Gate? And named the north gate of Taiji Palace in Miyagi as Xuanwu Gate, which is all from traditional geomantic omen? Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger, former Suzaku, and later Xuanwu? Said. There must be a truth in the name. Since the north gate of Taiji Palace is named Xuanwu Gate, it must have a corresponding one? Kan? The symbolic meaning of the hexagrams (the obstacles in the eight diagrams symbolize the trap). The Xuanwumen Incident, a court battle that took place around the succession to the throne in the early Tang Dynasty, happened here, which just happened to coincide with each other. From this point of view, the naming of urban streets and buildings is very particular Also, there are two instrument halls in the north of Taiji Palace. Two instruments? The title is also from Zhouyi. Therefore, it is easy to have Tai Chi, that is, two instruments are born, two instruments are born to four elephants, and four elephants are born to gossip. ? It can be seen that Zhouyi has a wide influence on traditional architecture. On the internal structure, Chang 'an City in Tang Dou consists of outer castle, imperial city, Miyagi, Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace. The northern end of Suzaku Street, the central axis, is the center of state power-the imperial city, the northernmost part of the imperial city, and there is another small town across the street, which is Miyagi. Miyagi is rectangular with an area of .7 square kilometers. Its east and west walls are an extension of the imperial wall to the north, while the north wall directly coincides with the north wall of Guocheng. Miyagi * * * consists of three parts, namely Yeting Palace and East Palace, with Tai Chi Palace in the middle. Both the East Palace and Yeting Palace are smaller than < P >, and each occupies only a small part of Miyagi. The East Palace is the place where the Crown Prince lives and works; Yeting Palace has a special function. It is mainly used to accommodate the children of criminal bureaucrats so that they can work and learn skills in the palace. Its essence is now? Juvenile reeducation through labor? . The main building of 152 Miyagi is Taiji Palace, which was rebuilt from Daxing Palace in Sui Dynasty and located at the northernmost part of the central axis of Chang 'an, symbolizing the emperor? Supreme, the south is king? . Taiji Palace was the political center in the early Tang Dynasty, and it was mainly used here during the reign of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan and Taizong Li Shimin. Taiji Palace has two doors, north and south, and the south gate is the main entrance, also called Chengtianmen. It is opposite to Tianjie and Suzaku Street, the central axis of Chang 'an. Between the gate and the Imperial City is a square with a width of 44 meters, where most of the major outward activities of the Tang Dynasty were held, such as the Yuan Dynasty, the Grand Palace, the New Year's Day and the Winter Solstice, as well as military parades and prisoners. At this time, the emperor boarded Chengtianmen, and the civil and military officials gathered in the square. The scene was very spectacular. There are sixteen halls in Taiji Palace, among which Taiji Hall, Liangyi Hall, Ganlu Hall and Yanjia Hall are called the four halls. In addition, there are important buildings such as Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province, Sheren Hospital, Hongwen Pavilion, Ningyin Pavilion and Wangyun Pavilion. Taiji
Hall is the front hall of Taiji Palace and the main building of Taiji Palace. It is said that the name of Taiji Palace comes from Taiji Hall. Is the Taiji Hall held in the palace? China and North Korea? The place. On the second day of the new moon every month, the emperor meets his ministers here to deal with government affairs. At that time, civil servants and military commanders will be seated in different classes, and the emperor will sit in front of them and discuss state affairs. There are two halls of ceremonies in the north of Taiji Hall, where the so-called "inner court" is held. Inner dynasty is a ceremony in which the emperor and a small range of ministers discuss state affairs, and usually only a few decision-making ministers, that is, the emperor's cronies, are eligible to participate. Therefore, the ceremony is relatively simple and very casual. However, the inner dynasty played an important role in influencing the decision-making of the dynasty. Therefore, when there are important national affairs, it is often necessary to discuss and decide in this hall now, and then razor the hall. China and North Korea? Discuss with the ministers. In Chang 'an City of Tang Dynasty, there are three palace groups, except Taiji Palace, Daming Palace in the forbidden garden outside the north wall of the city, and Xingqing Palace in Qin Long Square in the east of the city. The three Miyagi, which declined and prospered, each occupied an important place in the impassable stage of Tang Dynasty history. Daming Palace, formerly known as Yong 'an Palace, was a summer palace built by Li Shimin for his father Emperor Tang gaozu in the eighth year of Zhenguan. After Li Yuan's death, Yong 'an Palace was renamed Daming Palace, which has been uninhabited and became a detached palace. When Li Zhishi arrived in Tang Gaozong, he was depressed with rheumatism and hated the humidity in Taiji Palace, so he moved to Daming Palace, which is located in Longshouyuan, with high terrain and dry ground. The rebuilt Daming Palace has eleven palace gates, the most important of which is the Danfeng Gate in the south. Danfeng Chaoyang? The meaning of) and the Xuanwu gate in the north (take? Northern Xuanwu? The theory of feng shui). Taiji Palace and Daming Palace are basically similar in layout, but Nannei Xingqing Palace is very different from the former two. The overall layout of the latter is characterized by being unconventional, adapting to local conditions and diverse styles. For example, the main palace gate is open to the west, which is unique. Compared with the first two, it is more lively, bold and unrestrained, majestic and luxurious, which invisibly leads to a big mystery of Chang 'an Imperial Palace, that is, why did Xingqing Palace rebel against the first 153 rules and do something unconventional? To solve this mystery, Applied easy to learn? (Feng Shui is only one of all the knowledge that uses Zhouyi as practical guidance) This key must be possessed. The theory of Yin and Yang embodied in the architecture of the imperial city in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Perhaps the concept of Yin and Yang started from the sun's back, with the sun facing Yang and the sun facing Yin. Later, the connotation of yin and yang gradually enriched and expanded, and all positive things belonged to yang, so? Yang? Symbolizes the sky, the circle, the sun, the day, the rigidity, the health, the male, the gentleman, the husband, the big, the many, the upward, the progressive, the dynamic, the upright and so on; All negative things belong to yin, so? Yin? Symbolically, square, moon, night, soft, smooth, female, minister, wife, little, down, back, quiet, negative and so on. First, the inner city and the outer city are in the south, which is Yang; The inner city is in the north, which is cloudy. The outer city is oblate and slightly wider; The inner city is square and slightly narrow; The outer city is the barrier of the inner city. This is a sign of harmony between yin and yang. 2. There are seven gates outside the city gate, namely: Yongdingmen, Zuo 'anmen, You 'anmen, Guangqumen, Guang 'anmen, Dongbianmen and Xibianmen. Seven is the number of shaoyang. Nine gates in the inner city: the south gate is Zhongzhangyang (commonly known as? Front door? ) door, left Chongwenmen, right Xuanwu; The north gate is Dongan Dingmen and Xideshengmen; East gate 2. South Chaoyangmen and North Dongzhimen; The west gate is Nanfuchengmen and Beixizhimen. Nine is the number of Lao Yang. Tianziju? Ninth five-year plan? The position, so the internal master from the outside, internal use of nine, external use of seven The gates of the inner city are equipped with corpses, with three gates in the south and odd numbers in the south, which are Yang; There are two doors in the north, and the north is even and cloudy. Zhengyangmen, the main gate of the inner city, is nine feet nine inches high, which is the embodiment of the number of Lao Yang. Taihe Gate is the gateway to the first palace, which is located in front of the inlet river. There are nine colonnades at the main entrance, and nine symbolizes longevity. The entire palace complex is decorated with auspicious colors and patterns. Dragons (the symbol of Yang), pearls (the symbol of Yin), quadrupeds and flowers are carved on roofs and walls. They are all symbols of good fortune and brilliance. Iii. The Forbidden City, like palaces of past dynasties, can be divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the later bedroom. The former is the south, which is dominated by the yang, so it is used as a place for governance
; After that, it is the north, which is hidden by the yin, so it is used for living, eating and sleeping. The three halls outside the Forbidden City belong to Yang, while the imperial palace belongs to Yin. Therefore, the layout of the main hall of the outer court is odd, which is called? Three dynasties and five doors? System; The imperial palace uses even numbers, which is commonly said? Two palaces and six bedrooms? . There are five altars, namely the Temple of Heaven, the Ditan, the Ritan, the Moon Altar and the Social Altar. The Temple of Heaven is a place where the Emperor worships heaven. It is located at the southern end of Beijing and the inner side of the outer city. The building shape is round, which embodies the idea that the south is heaven, dry and sunny. Ditan is the place where the Emperor worships the earth. Its location is in the north, outside the inner city, and the building shape is square. It embodies the idea that the north is the land, the Kun and the Yin. The altar is in the east; The moon altar is in the west; They are all outside the inner city; The country altar is in the center of the inner city; The altar, like the moon altar and the country altar, is square. It can be seen that the matching and design of the five altars is a concrete embodiment of the theory of heaven and earth based on the concept of yin and yang.