Can garden architecture, modern architecture and residential buildings be integrated?
1. The basic structure of Chinese Feng Shui:
Generally speaking, ancient Chinese architecture consists of three major theoretical systems, namely ancient Chinese Feng Shui, Chinese architectural construction and Chinese gardening. Among them, ancient Chinese Feng Shui is the most important part. It embodies the pursuit of life ideals deep in the soul of the Chinese people, and directly affects the rise and fall of dynasties, political affairs, family reproduction, regional changes, personal destiny, wealth and poverty. Therefore, Feng Shui masters have always had a mysterious influence on Chinese society. Those who speak are confident and those who listen are respectful. Although the beggar is happy when he hears the good words, the sincere prince is moved when he hears the dangerous words.
Chinese Feng Shui claims that its theoretical basis is Yi Li Yi Structure, which promotes the idea of the unity of nature and man. In summary, it is composed of form and theory, and all methods come back to their origin. The compass is the final symbol of this complex theoretical system. Therefore, those who do not know the compass do not know Feng Shui. People usually regard Feng Shui opinions without compass knowledge as gossip and do not take them too seriously.
To sort out the internal structure of ancient Feng Shui, its theoretical framework mainly deals with the three talents of heaven, earth and man. The law of heaven involves the laws of seasonal changes, changes in disasters, air flow and wind direction, thunder and lightning, the sun, moon, stars and directions, etc., which influence the human world.
At the geographical level, it mainly studies the direct and indirect impacts of mountains, rivers, trees, tides, topography, soil, etc. on human settlements.
At the life level, it mainly focuses on the changing periodicity and inherent laws of human birth, old age, illness and death.
Traditional Chinese thought believes that life is a sojourn and death is an eternal return. Being born in the world is a temporary journey. Therefore, the destination of death is sometimes more important than life. Therefore, Chinese Feng Shui can be divided into two categories: Yin House and Yang House. Moreover, Yin Zhai is often larger and more splendid than Yang Zhai. Such as the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, etc.
The complex Feng Shui theory adheres to the three classical principles of the unity of nature and man, the balance of yin and yang, and the five elements. Whether it is the classification of a thousand feet as a potential, a hundred feet as a shape, or the compass-oriented Luantou method: looking for dragons, observing sand, observing water, tapping acupoints, orientation, and seeking the overall introverted centripetal, enclosing and adjusting the field The theoretical basis for the pursuit can be clearly found, which is nothing more than the following set of traditional cultural theoretical tools:
Yin and Yang and five elements, mutual generation and mutual restraint, zodiac signs, four seasons and five directions, river map and Luoshu, Bagua and Jiugong, Qiyao Nine stars, four seasons, astrological divisions, the Big Dipper, the twenty-eight constellations, and original legends.
The method of regulating qi pursues the visual observation of the form, and the qi must be understood and used in harmony with the body; the talisman rules are divided into two categories, one is the direction talisman, and the other is the time talisman. The former is for unlucky places. Set up evil-proof objects to attract advantages and avoid disadvantages. The latter usually uses literal characters to avoid specific days and specific behaviors (such as ground-breaking day and travel day).
We found that Feng Shui’s inherent value pursuit, which emphasizes hiding wind and collecting water and integrating nature and man, can be summarized in today’s fashionable language as:
The pursuit of cultural landscape Harmony and unity with the natural landscape;
Pursue the harmony and unity between the artificial environment and the natural landscape;
Pursue the natural coordination between man and heaven and earth, vibrating at the same frequency.
For example, if you want to pursue the ideal of a residence, you must first check the entrance and exit of the residence. There should be a natural wind outlet, and the light and shade should be appropriate. It is best for the water outlet to be winding and sentimental; the terrain should be low in the front and high in the back; The orientation of the house should be with the mountain behind it, facing the water, and facing the sun.
Residents should choose a place to build a house based on their divination. The land should be solid and thick, with no winds from all sides, especially no underground winds. The terrain should be high and dry, and the water should circulate but not soak. This is the basic meaning of Feng Shui.
In addition, we must pursue the harmony of the overall building, and use various metaphors and symbols unique to Feng Shui in the building's layout, space division, orientation adjustment, color application, and pattern selection to achieve harmony between body and mind.
The internal structure of ancient Chinese Feng Shui can be simply summarized as the following pursuit in the sense of Chinese philosophy and its direct application in residences and architecture:
(1) The harmonious coexistence between man and nature;
(2) The adoption and reversal of the same world;
(3) Life is short, so life should come first;
(4) Keep your body and mind at peace while walking.
But unfortunately, this pursuit has lost its clear guidance and shape because it has been covered in the dust of history for thousands of years and influenced by various mysterious sayings. This cannot but be said to be a great regret for Chinese culture. If Feng Shui had a clear framework spanning all dynasties, China's current cottage fields would not be so messy. The confusion of reality is the concrete manifestation of the confusion of theory.
2. Modern exploration of Feng Shui theory - the ideal architectural landscape should not become construction waste
Feng Shui has declined in today's scientific era. The general public does not regard it as a serious knowledge. However, now people are beginning to study it from a new perspective, which is entirely the result of the influence of contemporary Western social trends. After the industrial revolution, Europe and the United States began to examine the relationship between man and nature from a unique perspective.
The three P problems in modern life, namely poverty, population and environmental problems (Poverty/Pollution/Population), have made Western wise men realize that houses are not just machines filled with various wires and equipment. The building itself is spiritual and alive.
Driven by this idea, scholars have discovered that there is indeed a "housing disease", that is, more than 30 diseases of the human body are directly related to housing.
Urban planning scholars have also discovered that the thermal, photoacoustic treatment and greening, water bodies, wind direction, and gathering environment and leisure environment design in the city profoundly affect people's lives and even the rise and fall of the city.
Therefore, China’s serious architectural scholars also began to seriously study the issues of Chinese Feng Shui, and gradually formed the results of research on ideal landscapes. This is also a response to the changes in today’s society.
Comparative research has found that Western architecture emphasizes unobstructed sightlines and has a preference for commanding heights and visual control points, while Chinese Feng Shui architecture emphasizes hidden and shielding spatial structures.
For example, good Feng Shui described in traditional language is: green dragon on the left, white tiger on the right, red bird on the front, and Xuanwu on the back - it is required that Xuanwu bows his head, red bird dances, green dragon meanders, and white tiger tamely bows. In modern language, it can be translated as: The acupuncture point is located at the end of the mountain range, backed by the rolling peaks, and adjacent to the plain Mingtang. The clear flow around the acupoint is curved and affectionate, surrounded by mountains on both sides, facing the mountain in front of you, and the mountains are arching to welcome each other. For example, the Ming Tombs in Beijing were chosen by Liao Junqing, a famous Feng Shui master from Jiangxi Province, who spent two years deciding on the location of the imperial tombs, which was based on this ideological principle.
Good Feng Shui is actually about finding coordination among several factors: enclosure and shielding, boundary and dependence, isolation and fetal breath, paying attention to gaps and corridors, and using sketches and symbols to adjust. For example, pavilions, bridges, pavilions, tower doors and Feng Shui forests are used to achieve a kind of psychological satisfaction. Therefore, some scholars summarize the ideal landscape in Chinese Feng Shui as an image metaphor: a gourd in the mountain or on the side of the mountain. For example, the Kunlun Mountain model: an isolated island on a high mountain; the Penglai model: a fairy island on the sea; the Hutian model: a small mouth-like entrance and a large pot cavity; Tao Yuanming model: a winding corridor with a gap and a basin inside; And the inner camp of hills and valleys in the style of landscape painting. This ideal model implies several meanings of shelter, territorial defense, isolation, and spatial identification.
For example, Feng Shui pavilions and towers are statements about territory, doors, archways, and screen walls can ward off evil and evil, Feng Shui forests can gather wind and store energy, and courtyards emphasize creating an ideal living environment.
It should be said that the study of this ideal landscape is a great progress in traditional Feng Shui. However, compared with the content of classical Feng Shui, there are also obvious shortcomings, that is, the level and scope involved are much smaller and shallower than traditional Feng Shui. In particular, it cannot fully reflect the philosophical level and outlook on life of traditional Feng Shui. The pursuit of reality is also unclear in its guidance.
In any case, as a good start, this study created the modern research direction of Feng Shui.
3. Modern guiding principles of Feng Shui wisdom: unity and harmony of heaven, man, and things
——Due to my work, I have been to more than a dozen countries and regions in the world; The most profound feeling is in the mountainous areas of Europe, and the strongest feeling is in the church buildings. As the center and highest point of the community, it perfectly fulfills the role of outlining the contract and guiding the entire community, thereby becoming the soul of the entire community. When the church bells rang, the community was enveloped in a peaceful sound of care and comfort.
Beyond the level of religious belief, church buildings have profound meaning as the soul of a community: a building community without a centripetal point and core is just a piece of loose sand.
However, it is currently impossible to build church-style buildings in Chinese-style community buildings. So, how does this kind of community cohesion manifest itself in Chinese communities? This question prompted a rethinking of ancient Chinese ideas about Feng Shui.
Only by summarizing the profound thinking in classical Chinese Feng Shui in a clear and coherent manner, stripping off those mysterious cloaks, and rationally developing principles useful to modern life can it truly have a guiding role in real life. The best policy.
Ultimately, the pursuit of environment and residence in the East and West is actually the embodiment of an ultimate philosophy of life. It uses the material form of houses as the carrier and the idea of selecting and planning communities as the warp and weft. What is finally presented to the world is the pursuit of the ideal life in this world.
The disorganized community is showing the poverty of the spiritual pursuit of its residents. When immediate and shallow satisfaction becomes the glimmer of people's pursuit, the pursuit of sacred tranquility and feeling is denounced as nihility and waste. , thus encountering abandonment. The price of excessive pursuit of material desires is the destruction of the agreement and ultimate harmony between man and nature.
How do we shape the center and cohesion of our communities when we have lost all religious beliefs? Nowadays, architecture no longer seems to care about the kowtow to the eternal world. As a result of the Bauhaus movement, houses, buildings and even cities have become perishable consumer goods, produced on production lines like Western fast food, and can be torn down and started over at any time. Paris , Romanesque eternal capitals and architecture have become obsolete. Although the debate between science and religion has not stopped, people's questioning of life is more urgent and more confusing than ever.
Therefore, how to create a centripetal force and a sense of security for the community?
In fact, this is a question without an answer, but if we can realize this, maybe our architecture and planning will be slightly better.
While meditating in the mountains of Germany and Austria, through the comparison of Eastern and Western cultures, I discovered that when it comes to dealing with the relationship between man and nature, both the East and the West share the same core principles of man and nature:
—— Be obedient to what is taken and given to what is contrary, seek evil and avoid harm, rely appropriately, and have peace of mind and body.
Based on this, we have the following basic judgments about the modern ideal Feng Shui environment:
The house has something to lean on, the eyes have something to look at, and the closure has a degree
Movement and stillness are appropriate, the home is well-supported, and the heart is at home.
According to the characteristics of modern people’s living environment, modern Feng Shui should start from simple rules that can be grasped and applied by the general public. In this era, even Einstein’s theory of relativity and Hawking’s research on time and space can be popularized. In this era, this is the path that a science that sees the light of day should take.
Following nature should be the basic starting point and principle for Feng Shui to judge landscapes. In the observation of specific scenes, "distinguish seven directions and one scene" should be used as the starting point, that is: Distinguish seven directions: mountain direction, water direction, wind direction, sound direction, light direction, and road direction. A scene: refers to the surrounding landscape and environment. According to the principle of yin and yang, when the seven directions are clear, the main aspects of the natural environment that affect people have been included.
So, if the idea of adapting classical Feng Shui ideas to modern life can be summarized, it can be expressed in the following principles:
Light is the sun, sound is the harmony, and the mountain is the guard. , water is Zhiyuan.
The wind removes turbidity, and the trees gather energy. Every household has its own beauty and is well-proportioned.
Scattered and orderly, clear and turbid are differentiated, rising and falling have a way, movement and stillness have a degree.
The most important thing is that the heart of the community and the aspirations of the whole people should not be careless.
Thinking in the mouth, always in the eyes, people and spirits can be distinguished, etiquette and laws are regulated.
Both the divine world and the human world have their own homes, where they can calm their nerves and nourish their bodies, and maintain their health forever.