How do you say happy birthday in ancient times?
How do you say happy birthday in ancient times?
Elders;
Male; Living in the East China Sea, living in Nanshan and living in rivers and mountains.
Female; Tianmu Changsheng Fuhai Shoushan Beitang Xuanmao
Peer;
Male; If the sun rises, it will live longer than the aging sea house of pine trees.
Female; Hua Canjin Jessica Hester Hsuan Hua Ting Xiuwusu Tenghui
The man said to the woman: Knock on Chen Fang from a distance.
Various customs of ancient people's birthdays.
Modern people mostly eat cakes, blow out candles and sing birthday songs on their birthdays, but in fact these customs are full of western shadows. There is a legend about eating cakes on birthdays. In Europe before BC, people believed that the soul would be invaded by evil spirits on their birthdays, so they invited relatives and friends to have dinner on this day and took out cakes to entertain guests. At that time, cake was still a luxury, which was relatively expensive. You can only enjoy it at such large parties, and most of them are royal aristocrats.
Lighting candles is also a legend that originated in ancient Greece. People believe in themis, the goddess of the moon. At her birthday celebration, people will put many honey cakes on the altar and light candles to represent the brilliance of the moon, creating a sacred atmosphere to show their respect for the goddess of the moon. And this custom gradually spread to birthday candles, giving children good wishes.
There is also a saying that candles of the same age are lit on the birthday cake, and then the birthday girl blows out the candles in one breath. It is said that this is because ancient Europeans believed that cigarettes could go to heaven and blew out candles in one breath after making a wish, so their wishes went to heaven with cigarettes, so their wishes could be realized.
As for the birthday song, it also comes from a piece of music that has nothing to do with birthday. There are two sisters, one is Madeleine? Hill, a kindergarten teacher in Louisville, is named Bertie? Hill is the headmaster of this school. The two sisters once wrote a song together called. Good morning everyone? . Because of its cheerful melody, the song quickly spread among children.
1893, the two sisters published a collection of songs called? The story of kindergarten? . 3 1 year later, a man named Robert? H. Coleman's man published this song without the permission of the sisters. To make matters worse, he added a familiar phrase after this song? Happy birthday to you? Mr. Coleman's addition of the second paragraph of lyrics made the song quickly popular. Finally, the first lyrics of the two sisters disappeared. ? Happy birthday to you? This unique birthday song completely replaced the original songs of the sisters.
19 16 After Madeleine died, Patty and another sister Jessica came forward to take Mr. Coleman to court. In the end, the song got royalties. It seems that the birthday etiquette we are promoting today is basically inseparable from the influence of the West. So, what are the customs of ancient Chinese people to celebrate longevity? I'm afraid few people know about it now.
In ancient China, birthdays were birthdays and birthdays, and the birthdays of the elderly were called Shoubirthday. In ancient times, boys hung a bow on the left side of the door, so the man's birthday was also called? Hanging arc day? 、? The moment of hanging arc? . There was no custom of celebrating birthdays before the Northern and Southern Dynasties. "Poetry? Xiaoya? Honey, what's in it? Mourn for my parents and give birth to me. ? Birthday, if you miss the hardships of parents' birth and care, you can't celebrate with joy.
However, in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, the custom of offering wine and money to people anytime and anywhere prevailed. There are many records about longevity in The Book of Songs. Like "Poetry? Daya？ Jianghan:? The tiger obeys the bow, and the son of heaven is always there. ? Poetry again? Xiaoya? Natural forest protection: Nanshan's life is long, so it will not collapse. ? "Poetry? July wind:? When you go to court, you are called a man and live forever. ? Here are the birthdays of the emperor, the aristocrat and the master.
During the Warring States Period, Prince Dan of Yan invited Jing Ke to drink in order to assassinate Qin Shihuang. As soon as the wine was drunk, the prince began to live? . At the hongmen banquet, Fan Zeng told Xiang Zhuang to assassinate liu bang? Life before death? . Birthdays are often accompanied by birthday presents. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhongzi asked Nie Zheng to assassinate Xia Lei. Nie Zheng's mother's birthday was celebrated with gold? . During the Warring States Period, Lu Zhonglian, a native of Qi, helped Zhao relieve the siege of Handan. What about Zhao? Take your daughter as Lu Lianshou? .
However, it should be noted that these are the customs of offering wine for birthdays at any time. Birthday, offering wine and giving money are meant to wish health and longevity, but not on the birthday, just to celebrate the birthday, not to celebrate.
Don't you celebrate your birthday? Not really, but it is usually given to children when they are young. Hanshu? The Biography of Lu Wan records that Lu Wan's father and Liu Bang's father lived in the same room and had a deep friendship. Their wives gave birth to Lv Wanhe Liu Bang on the same day, respectively, and the elders in the village prepared goat wine to congratulate them, saying that they fell in love with Gaozu (Liu Bang) Wanzhuang. Li Zhongjia fell in love with Jia, gave birth to a child on the same day, and celebrated mutton wine together. ? This? Congratulations? Time is also the birth anniversary of two children.
Jiangnan area in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and? Try it? Our custom should be regarded as the embryonic form of birthday. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Yan Zhitui's Yan Jiaxun? There is such a record in "Wind Art":
Jiangnan custom, the first stage of a child's birth, is used for making new clothes and bathing decorations. Men use bows, arrows, paper and pens, while women use knives, rulers, needles and threads, plus food and treasures to play with. Before putting them away, observe what they have taken to test greed, honesty and ignorance. It's called. Try it? . Get together with your relatives and enjoy the party.
In fact, we now call it. Grasp the week? . During the Tang and Song Dynasties, this kind? Try it? Customs spread to the north. When Cao Bin, a general in the early Northern Song Dynasty, was one year old, his parents put all kinds of toys, utensils, wars, bows and arrows, paper and pens in front of him and let him grab them himself. Cao Bin held the war in his left hand and a pea for sacrifice in his right. After a while, he took another official seal. The others didn't even look, and everyone present was surprised.
"Yanshi family precepts? After recording the one-year-old test child, Cao Feng went on to say: Since then. If both parents are here, there are often things like drinking and drinking every day. People without education, although lonely, are making excuses and singing loudly every day. I don't know if they are sad. When Liang was young, he celebrated his birthday on August 6th and fasted and lectured regularly. Since Ruan Xiurong's death, this incident is unique.
There were only two kinds of birthdays at that time. One is that my parents are alive and there is a wine celebration on my birthday. After my parents died, I didn't have a birthday. The other is the so-called. An uneducated person? In other words, people still have drinks and music to celebrate their birthdays after their parents die. Therefore, Gu's "Rizhilu" volume 13 tells:? Birthday gifts are unprecedented in ancient times. For Qi Liang, this is a gift. ?
Sui Shu? Gao Zuji records that Emperor Wendi of Sui wrote a letter:? June 13 is my birthday, so I should let Haihai kill Emperor Wu Yuan and Empress He Ming. ? Here? Emperor Wu Yuan? And then what? Empress Yuan Ming? Emperor Wendi's biological parents are Lu. On Emperor Wendi's birthday, in order to commemorate his parents, he called on the whole country to be vegetarian. It's a pity that Le Yan is impossible.
The custom of celebrating birthdays originated in the southern region, and the Central Plains, which is based on Confucianism, is quite exclusive to this custom. In addition, according to historical records, Emperor Taizong insisted on not celebrating his birthday. Sentimental? Reflection shows that even under the historical conditions of the unification of Sui and Tang Dynasties, although the custom and etiquette of birthday celebration have spread all over the country from the south of the Yangtze River, many people still keep the tradition and do not hold birthday celebrations.
However, the descendants of Emperor Taizong did not think so. According to the textual research of Qian Daxin's New Records of Ten Yang Zhai in Qing Dynasty (volume 19), in the middle of Tang Dynasty, the feudal emperors decided to hold a large-scale birthday celebration. In August, 729, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave a banquet to celebrate his birthday. After the banquet, the Prime Minister Zuo Shangshu and the Prime Minister led the officials to the table. Please take the fifth day of Xuanzong's birthday as the date? Qian Qiu Festival? .
Since then, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty not only celebrated their birthdays, but also took special names for their birthdays besides Tang Dezong. Like Tang Suzong's birthday? Natural Peace Festival? When is Tang Wuzong's birthday? Blue sheep festival? When is the birthday of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty? Shou Chang Festival? When is Tang Zhaozong's birthday? Jiahui Festival? Wait a minute.
Since Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, every emperor's birthday has been celebrated for three days in the whole country. Everyone in the ruling and opposition parties is happy? . In the capital, ministers celebrated the emperor's birthday and presented manna, wine and vinegar. Long live the birthday wine? . In order to win the favor of the emperor, our envoys presented many treasures for fun. Officials and people outside Beijing will also hold birthday parties to celebrate the emperor's birthday.
Due to the advocacy of feudal emperors, it has become a common trend for bureaucrats at all levels to make friends and make friends with dignitaries by sending birthday gifts. The biography of Li Xin in the Southern Song Dynasty recorded that when treacherous court official Qin Gui was in power,? All four political parties sent their birthday wishes. After that, the state and county governors received this gift, which was extremely extravagant. . So much so that in 1 156, in order to stop the extravagance and waste, Song Gaozong once wrote a letter forbidding on-the-job officials to accept birthday gifts. However, according to various documents, this ban has not played much role, and the wind of giving birthday presents is still prevalent.
In the Song Dynasty, besides giving gifts and possessions, there was also the custom of offering poems on birthdays: Su Shi's Complete Works of Dongpo, a great writer, contained many poems to celebrate birthdays, such as "Birthday Poems of Cousin Cheng Deru". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote a birthday poem "Shoumu" for his mother on her 60th birthday. Since then, folk birthday celebrations have become popular.
On the birthday, there will be a birthday hall, birthday couplets and birthday paintings, and a banquet to celebrate. Birthday couplets? Longevity is better than southern pine, and happiness is like flowing water in the East China Sea. Couplets like this. Birthday pictures include the birthdays of Shou Xingtu, the Queen Mother, the Eight Immortals and Magu. Magu is a legendary immortal.
Ge Hong's Fairy Biography in the Eastern Jin Dynasty said that she could refer to rice as a pearl and had seen the East China Sea turn into a mulberry field three times. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Gu surrendered to Cai Jing's family. At that time, he seemed to be eighteen or nineteen. She said that the seawater in Penglai has become shallower recently.
Soup cakes and peaches are indispensable at birthday parties. Soup cake is noodles, and birthday noodles are called longevity noodles. The custom of eating noodles on birthdays prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in "Poems for Scholars and Zhang Xi": Remembering my lonely day, as a guest of honor, I lifted my ribs to eat soup cakes and added Kirin to congratulate me. ? Wang Mingqing in the Southern Song Dynasty said in "The Record Before Swing", Birthday? You must eat soup cakes, which is called longevity noodles. ? So, who went to the birthday party in the Tang Dynasty still claimed to be? Soup cake customers? . Birthday soup cake means longevity, so birthdays are indispensable.
Peach is a legend among longevity fruits. It is said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a good way to live forever. The Queen Mother of the West gave him a flat peach that had been ripe for 3,000 years. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ate it, he wanted to keep the seeds. The Queen Mother of the West said: This peach has been planted for 3,000 years, and the land is thin and barren. ? The Queen Mother of the West also taught Liang Wudi the way to live forever and cultivate immortal calligraphy. In The Journey to the West, the Monkey King ate flat peaches secretly and the Queen Mother held a flat peach party, which strengthened people's attention to longevity peaches. Birthday peaches celebrated by the people are generally made of white flour, and the tips are dyed red.
Modern people listen to birthday celebrations, thinking that they are all for the elderly. In fact, in ancient times, celebrating a birthday was equivalent to celebrating a birthday. In some areas, the birthday of children 10 is decided by grandma. Aiko Shou? ; Young people's 20th birthday was made by their father-in-law's family. What else is there among the people? Do nine instead of ten? Say, it is to celebrate the birthday at ten o'clock sharp in the year when the nominal age is nine. Some places? Men don't do ten and women don't do nine? ,? Ten? 、? Nine? And the local dialect? Thief? 、? Dove? Homophonic, so don't do it. Don't do it at 40, because? Four? With what? Die? Homophonic.
Others do ghost longevity, also known as Yin longevity, which means that after the ancestors died, every ten days, future generations set up gods or gods in the class to salute them, set up altars to delay monks and recite scriptures to show filial piety. Ming Shou's relatives and friends sent paper and gold ingots, and some people went to church.
The ancients believed that doing good deeds can prolong life, help the poor and the weak, and build bridges and roads to accumulate virtue. But this is not easy to do, so there are symbolic behaviors that can accumulate and prolong life, such as chanting, burning incense and praying, giving in temples, releasing and copying scriptures.
In our country, the folk custom is to live to 100 years old, to 80 years old and to 60 years old. Since the age of 60, local customs hold birthday celebrations for the parties on Friday, Wednesday or Wednesday.
According to the old custom, everyone is not eligible for a birthday when he is born. Birthday is an extremely important and prudent thing, so it is more prudent to celebrate your birthday for the first time.
In many places, the first birthday is organized by mother-in-law. In western Sichuan, what is it called? Birthday ; In Fujian and Zhejiang, it is called? Son-in-law shou? . Generally speaking, on the first birthday of a son-in-law after marriage or when the son-in-law turns 30, the father-in-law and mother-in-law will go to the son-in-law's house to celebrate his birthday with gifts. The gifts are yellow croaker, 5 Jin of pork, 2 bottles of rice wine, 5 Jin of noodles, 2 sets of clothes, longan, dates and oranges.
If it's a centenary birthday, it's a big event in the neighborhood, and everyone will come to celebrate his birthday, no matter far or near. Everyone should set up a monument for the birthday girl, and the clan should record it in the genealogy.
Traditional birthday presents have a set of ceremonies. First of all, we should set up a birthday hall, set up a birthday candle, hang a birthday cake, set up the furnishings, decorate them with lanterns and decorations, and rearrange them. On the birthday, there is a birthday star in the center of Shoutang, and the master of ceremonies will preside over the ceremony, and relatives, friends and younger generations will come to celebrate the birthday. Different generations have different manners.
Colleagues often just bow, while sons and nephews worship four times. Some people don't hold birthday parties, but guests just go to Shoutang to worship, and children and grandchildren gather in front of the hall to return the gifts.
Of course, some ordinary people don't have a birthday hall, only a birthday box. In the past, when this happened in Beijing, most people went to the incense wax shop to ask for a woodcut watermark. The core monument of life extends life? Dear Shenma, put on a magic clip, put a peach and noodles on your head, light a pair of red wax, and pay a fee to worship a god.
Birthday party is an important part of birthday ceremony, and the host family often holds grand banquets to entertain guests. The delicious dishes at the banquet are nothing more than chicken, duck, fish and delicacies, but noodles are essential, commonly known as noodles? Longevity noodles? .
Visitors wishing to celebrate their birthdays should bring birthday gifts such as peaches, cakes, noodles, candles, screens, birthday cakes, birthday couplets, birthday paintings, birthday colors and an umbrella. Any of these gifts that can be decorated or stippled with patterns should generally have patterns that symbolize longevity.
Unfortunately, with the spread of western learning to the east in the late Qing Dynasty, the western custom of birthday cake and blowing out candles gradually merged into society. At first, only some upper-class open people would learn from the west when giving their children birthdays, and then it gradually became popular among the people. Today, although there are traces of traditional customs on some old people's birthdays, most people know little about it. In fact, although there are various forms of birthdays, even if we are used to eating cakes and blowing out candles on birthdays, it does not prevent us from understanding the culture of the ancients. After all, it is China people's own culture.