What is the opening time of ancient animal fossils in Jimsar?
Introduction of ancient animal fossil scenic spots in Jimsar;
Jimsar County is located in the southeastern margin of Junggar Basin, at the northern foot of East Tianshan Mountain, with a total area of 12743.9 square kilometers, 43.30-45.30 north latitude and 88.30-89.30 east longitude. The northern part of the county borders the Gurbantunggut Desert. It is bordered by Kalamaili Mountain in the north, Fuyun County and fukang city in the west, Qitai County in the east and Quanzijie Mountain in the south. The Bingdaban Basin is bounded by Turpan and urumqi county. There are abundant paleontological fossils in Permian, Triassic and Jurassic strata in the county, which is one of the famous fossil sites in Xinjiang and even the whole country. It is not only connected with Gobi and Qitai generals, but also comparable to each other in fossil resources. Several published and named paleontological fossils are briefly introduced as follows.
1. Santailong of Yuan: 1928 10 Professor Yuan Fuli, a geologist and a member of the Sino-Swiss Northwest Scientific Expedition, discovered the Early Triassic strata in Panjiataizi, Santai, Jimsar, hence the name. This is a squashed animal, only 7 cm long. It began to belong to a scaly species. Later, the famous German dinosaur expert Yang's doctoral supervisor, P. Vonhuene, and China paleontologist Habbstotter Yang and others studied it, and there were different opinions on its ownership. During the period of 1949, an overseas Chinese living in the United States, Godingbang, brought three individuals to the United States. After seeing them, Xu Nai thought that they were former blade lizards. Finally, it was identified by Yang as a water dragon, not a dinosaur. According to Xinhua News Agency1979, it was reported on April 28th that Ge Dingbang, an overseas Chinese living in the United States, recently presented Yuan's Sanlong specimens carefully collected 45 years ago to the motherland and brought them back to his hometown.
Second, Su Qiaolong: Unearthed in Jianshangou, Wucaiwan, Jimsar County, Middle Jurassic stratum. Jianshangou is a north-south ravine. In ancient times, it was a swamp with mild climate, abundant aquatic plants and dense forests, and it was also a natural paradise for dinosaurs and other reptiles. 1983, a batch of fossils were discovered here by vertebrate paleontology expedition team of Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences. One of them is a sauropod vegetarian dinosaur fossil, which is only 4.3 meters long and is a young individual. Because of its small and exquisite shape, it was named Su Qiaolong in memory of Mr. Su Youling, the late dinosaur repair and installation expert of the Institute. Then it was exhibited at Xinjiang Geology and Mineral Exhibition Hall in Urumqi on June 1987 and June 10. This is the first dinosaur fossil skeleton exhibited in Xinjiang after the founding of New China. It provides a good opportunity for the people of all ethnic groups and teenagers in the autonomous region to understand the dinosaur world in the late Mesozoic. After the visit, Chinese and foreign audiences were amazed. /kloc-0 was exhibited in Xinjiang petroleum geology exhibition hall of Karamay exploration and development research institute in April, 1992. In August of the same year, another replica returned to Jimsar's hometown and was exhibited in the county cultural center. It is reported that from 1998 to 65438+ 10 to 12 February, an exhibition on the origin of dinosaurs and birds was held in geological museum, with a total of 10 dinosaur bones, including Su's Qiaolong.
Third, the two-toothed beast: the two-toothed beast is an ancient reptile. It belongs to the toothless class of reptiles. Because the male beast has two big teeth in the upper jaw, it is named the two-toothed beast. It lives in swamps and feeds on plants. It was the most common reptile in the late Permian about 230 million years ago, and died in large numbers in Triassic. Three species of bidentate animals were found in Jimsar county.
1. Giemsa Beast. 1930, when Yuan Fuli, a geologist of Northwest Scientific Investigation Team, visited Longkou, Dong Xiao, Jimsar County, he found that the skull was slightly triangular, the snout was slightly sharp, the eyelets were upward, the nostrils were at the front end of the head, the parietal bone was long and narrow, the parietal bone deepened, the frontal bone extended forward, the nose bridge was short, the maxillary odontoid process was underdeveloped, and the teeth were small and extended downward. About 230 million years ago. At first, Yuan Fuli mistakenly thought it was a dinosaur fossil and named it Tianshan Dragon 1934. After studying the trimmed skull, paleontologist Yang realized that it was a two-toothed beast. 1963, Sun Ailing, a paleontologist, pointed out in his book Kenji Beast in China that it was more progressive than the general members of Achyranthes. Therefore, it is suggested to set up another subordinate, named Xinjiang Jimsar beast. 2. Steep Bow Beast. From 1964 to 1966, a large number of bidentate fossils were found in the gray-green siltstone at the top of Quanzijie Formation in Gongbangou, Jimsar County by vertebrate paleontology expedition team of Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences. Its skull and bones are not complete, but the front of the skull and mandible are intact. Experts identified it as a new genus of bidentate mammals. It is characterized by a high skull, long teeth and a short, wide and curved scapula. Named the Steep Bow Plate Beast. 3. Giant striped beast. 1964 to 1966, which was discovered at the top of wutonggou formation in dongxiaokou, jimsar county. It is characterized in that the skull of a large bidentate animal is more than 60 cm long, the occipital part is low, and the width is 56 cm. The scale bone expands to both sides, the temporal cavity is square, and the middle part of the temporal cavity is long and narrow. The large pineal foramen is located at the front end of the parietal bone and has obvious stripes, so it is named the giant-striped beast. The survival time is in the late Permian.
4. Polydactyly: Polydactyly is a reptile that lives in water like a mammal, hence the name Polydactyly. It is about 1 m long and looks like a dog, with short limbs and tail, high skull and an angle between the top of the head and the snout. The position of the nostril is very high, and there are no other teeth in the mouth except the two big teeth in the canine part of the upper jaw, which belongs to a bidentate animal.
The earliest sauropod fossils in the world were found in the beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin, which was first reported by Owen in 1860. The earliest Polypodiaceae fossil in China was discovered by Yuan Fuli et al. in the Early Triassic strata of Jimsar, Xinjiang, with the age of 65,438 0 and September, 928. In addition to the robust Polypodiaceae and wild Polypodiaceae found in Yuanzigou, Taoshu, there are 65,438 0,934,65,438 0,935 and 65,438 in Turpan, respectively.
1. Give a waterspout. It was named in memory of Canadian anatomist Booker Davidson, who once identified Peking Man fossils and was honorary director of the Cenozoic Fossil Laboratory. Discovered in 1934, Polypodiaceae is characterized by wide snout and oval tooth cross section. There are weak longitudinal grooves on the teeth, and the teeth extend forward parallel to the kiss. The top of the head is wide and short, and the lacrimal bone extends between the nasal bone and the frontal bone.
2. Hertz water dragon beast. It was named in memory of Swedish archaeologist Sven Heding Hederetz, who contributed to the archaeological work in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Found in 1935, the congenital monitor lizard is characterized by a wide snout, a large nostril and a backward position. The front of the parietal bone is round, forming the front, left and right edges of the pineal foramen. The tip of the anterior parietal bone is inserted between the frontal bones, and the frontal bones protrude to the orbit. The nasal bone is backward, there are three weak longitudinal protrusions on the snout surface, and the snout and teeth are slightly downward.
3. Wei's waterspout Named after WeidenreichFranz, a German-American anatomist and anthropologist who once identified Beijingers. Wexler, discovered in 1937, is characterized by a large individual, a strongly curved scapula, a particularly large distal part and a particularly low protuberance on the scapula. Compared with Hirschsprung's disease, the sternum is longer.
4. Yang's water dragon beast. It was named in memory of Yang, a famous paleontologist in China who once identified the fossils of Polypodiaceae. Yang's Polypodiaceae was discovered by the expedition of China Academy of Sciences in 1964. It is characterized by small body, curved frontal and nasal bones, little frontal bone development, smooth frontal bone surface without depression, large eye holes, but its upper edge is not higher than the back of skull, nostril position is forward, there is no obvious posterior nostril groove, and maxillary odontoid process is triangular. The above four kinds of Polypodiaceae fossils were all found in the early Triassic strata, about 225 million years ago.
The Polypodiaceae fossils unearthed in Jimsar have been exhibited in Xinjiang Petroleum Geology Exhibition Hall of Karamay Exploration and Development Research Institute since April 1992 after assembly and restoration. In addition, this group of replicas returned to their hometown on August 1992 and were exhibited in Jimsar County Cultural Center.
The ancient animal fossils of Jimsar assembled in Dalongkou section have been recognized by international geologists. Its profile is composed of Upper Permian and complete Triassic, with clear sequence and good exposure. Its northern wing strata are well developed. Sporopollen, Ostracoda and Ostracoda, which are rare in the world, can be observed in the Permian-Triassic biological and sedimentary transition layer and between the two systems. There are abundant vertebrate fossils, among which Jimsar, Xinjiang, was born in the late Late Permian, which is recognized by the world as a standardized water-eating dragon in the Early Triassic. 1At the 30th International Geological Congress held in Beijing in August, 1996, this section was recommended as an ideal location for the international non-marine Permian-Triassic boundary. The Geological Travel Committee has identified it as one of 75 travel routes observed by geologists from all over the world in Jimsar.
Professor Yang, a famous paleontologist in China, began to study reptile fossils from Jimsar's animal fossils. Page 153 of Memoirs records that after studying the fossils of Fuyuan (now Jimsar) in Xinjiang, I became more and more interested, sorted out the reptiles in China (most of which were found by Americans (China people) in Mongolia and other places), and published the book "Reptiles in China". The publication of this book has made some contributions to the study of reptiles, such as theropod, skunk, onion, crocodile and dinosaur.
The book also says on page 148: Because these fossils (referring to the well-preserved bone fossils of Fuyuan and Qitai) are of great significance, I am more and more interested in their research. Yuan Jun also submitted other materials one after another, which enabled me to publish many articles about the only waterspout group in Lower Triassic China. This is my most satisfying contribution to vertebrates.
Regarding the importance of ancient fauna discovered by Jimsar, Professor Yang wrote in his memoirs: In nature, Polypodiaceae and Achyranthis fauna in Xinjiang are very similar to those in South Africa, and there are no new genera, so they are undoubtedly closely related. From then on, the people had a new understanding of the migration of animals at that time and the relationship between them, as well as their views on the former Gondwana ancient continent. As for the integrity of its preserved materials, there are many well-preserved fossils, which are one of the most important fossil producing areas in China. If we can continue to dig and study, we will make more contributions.