The Cultural Spirit of Wei Longwu
The columns, beams, fang and doors in the paddock are all carved with vivid landscapes, flowers and birds, birds and animals, and painted with bright and dazzling paint, which looks resplendent, antique and spectacular. Generally speaking, there is a close family living in a dragon enclosure, living in harmony, respecting the old and loving the young. On holidays, men, women and children gather in the main house to worship their ancestors, dance dragons and lions, beat gongs and drums, and it is a happy and peaceful scene.
Second, the style of Hakka Dragon House is the inheritance of the original residential style. Archaeological data show that Banpo clan and Longshan clan in the middle and late primitive society of the Yellow River basin lived in an area composed of dozens of square and round rammed earth houses. This shows that the Hakka people's concept of living subconsciously contains the recovery and reference of some of their ancestors' living experiences.
Thirdly, the architectural features of the Dragon House are also the projection of ancient Yin and Yang thoughts.
Reflected in the harmony between architectural objects and natural terrain, it conforms to the philosophical principle of "harmony between man and nature". If the terrain is not ideal, the seating direction can be adjusted by adding a half-moon flower terrace or pond or building half door to achieve the balance of yin and yang and adapt to the environment. This thought of yin and yang was later mixed with a lot of witchcraft culture that pays attention to "feng shui staying in the field", such as the old saying: "Feng Shui is indispensable for the world, and it depends on yin and yang."
Fourth, it embodies the traditional clan concept. On the one hand, it shows the habit of Hakkas living in groups. Because, whether in a long journey or in a new place, the Hakkas all have insurmountable difficulties, and they all have to live together by their own surnames; On the other hand, the residents in the house are assigned rooms according to their generations and grades, and the ancestral tablet is placed in the center of the building for future generations to worship, which reflects the traditional Hakka family ethics to some extent.
When building a new house, Hakkas usually hold the custom of "moving to a new house", which is called "showing evil spirits". It will be safe and auspicious to ask Mr. Feng Shui to drive away the "three evils". On the day of moving, there was a grand banquet and a sacrifice to the gods.
Value embodiment
There are more than 20,000 Hakka Dragon Houses in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, which are distributed in counties (cities, districts) of Meizhou City, and generally have a history of 200 to 300 years or even 500 to 600 years. Hakka dragon enclosure houses and quadrangles in Beijing, caves in Shaanxi, shoulder poles in Guangxi and seals in Yunnan are praised by Chinese and foreign architectural circles as the five characteristics of China residential buildings, which are of great historical and cultural value. There are more than 20,000 Hakka dragon houses in Meizhou. Among them, the most valuable and largest Hakka dragon enclosure houses are mainly distributed in Meixian District, Meijiang District, dapu county and xingning city, such as Renhou Wengong Temple and Wanqiu Building in Meixian District, Chengde Building in Meijiang District, Zhang Bishi's former residence in dapu county and He Ziyuan's former residence in Xinhai Site with xingning city characteristics. The Hakka culture connotation of Weilongwu is very rich. From architectural style to folk customs, Hakka culture and history are displayed everywhere. It is an important symbol of Hakka culture, and is praised by many experts at home and abroad as the Oriental Pearl, the wonderful work of the world residential architecture and an endless encyclopedia. According to the evaluation standard of world cultural heritage, only one of the six conditions can be approved, and Meizhou Hakka Dragon House meets four of them by comparison, which fully meets the conditions of "applying for heritage".
Meizhou decided to officially start the work of applying for the World Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as "applying for the World Heritage") in the Hakka paddock Longwu. The "application for heritage" of Hakka Dragon House is of great practical and far-reaching historical significance for improving Meizhou's popularity and influence and enhancing Meizhou's cultural soft power. We will set a goal and go all out to make Hakka Longwu, the main representative of Hakka architectural culture in Meizhou, a world-class cultural tourism brand through the work of "applying for heritage".
Long ago, in order to resist foreign enemies and wild animals, most Hakkas chose to live in groups, so they built Longwei. The main structure of Hakka Dragon House is "one entrance, three halls, two compartments and one enclosure". Ordinary dragon house covers an area of about 8 mu, and Dalong house covers an area of more than 30 mu. The dragon fence is like a huge castle. There are many bedrooms, kitchens, large and small halls, wells, pigsty, henhouse and other facilities in the house, forming a self-sufficient and enjoyable place.
At present, Hakka dragon enclosure houses are juxtaposed with quadrangles in Beijing, caves in Shaanxi, "shoulder pole" in Guangxi and "one seal" in Yunnan, and are called five characteristic residential buildings in China by Chinese and foreign architects. Today, Hakka people have stepped out of the closed Longwei and are becoming a historical relic and a unique landscape.
Represents the double-walled dragon house.
Double-walled Dragon House helps residents avoid the disaster of war, with a history of 20 1 year, and the walls are well preserved so far.
The "Four Corners Building" is surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped tall fence, and there is a small pond in front of the main entrance of the "Four Corners Building". The organic combination of the two makes the whole building complex oval in layout, which is very eye-catching from a distance. This is an ancient house group that the reporter recently saw in Baihua Town, Huidong County. According to the descendants of the ancient house group, the building group was built by Lian's ancestors, and the locals used to call it "Lianzhai". "Lianwu" was founded in the 12th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1807), with a history of 20 1 year.
Historic double walls stop floods and save residents.
After the ancestors built the "four-corner building", they first built a wall outside. Because the fence is short, nearby residents often climb over the fence to steal things, so Lian's ancestors built a higher fence, forming today's double fence structure. The wall of "Lianwu" is nearly 300 meters long. Seen from a lower place, the walls on both sides hover like the majestic momentum of the Great Wall. According to the measurement, the outer wall is nearly 6 meters high; The interior wall is about 3m high and 0.3m wide. The two fences are about half a meter apart, and a Liang Shi is embedded in the middle every 2 meters, which plays the role of mutual traction and reinforcement. There is a leak in the outer wall every 2 meters.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/940, nearly a thousand Japanese invaders landed in Xia Yong, Huiyang, and went straight to Baihua Market. Local residents and nearby people quickly sneaked into the double-decker wall to hide. After the Japanese invaders broke into the "training center", they saw no one and dared not rashly search. They became angry from embarrassment and set fire to the Long family. Fortunately, only a part of the Dragon House was burned in those years. After the maintenance of later generations, it has been basically restored. In that year, more than 100 people escaped the disaster with the help of the fence.
1979, a flood broke out in the local area, and many houses around the "practice room" collapsed, but the double-layer fence of the "practice room" was extremely strong, which made the "practice room" survive the flood safely.
At the peak of "Lianwu", there were more than 80 households with more than 700 people. Now only 10 households live here.
The structure hall has a three-way structure.
In the center of the "training room" is a square hall. There is a great peace in front of the main hall, which is used to bask in the valley and enjoy the cool. Both sides of Heping Road are open to the east and west. Walking into the "training room" from the east gate, you are greeted by this rectangular peace of nearly 200 square meters, with a stone mast on each side of the peace. Peace is an important part of Hakka dragon enclosure. Every harvest season, Hakkas will play rice and dry grain here, commonly known as peace. In front of peace is a half moon lake with an area of nearly 200 square meters. According to relevant data, no matter how big or small the Hakka dragon enclosure is, there must be a paddy field and a pond in front of it, which is not only decorative, but also practical. Pond is not only a natural fertilizer warehouse, but also a natural sewage purification pool, which has the functions of watering vegetable fields, storing water to prevent drought and fire. Half-moon Lake and half-moon buildings form an ellipse, which not only makes the paddock houses beautiful as a whole, but also places people's good wishes of "family reunion and all the best".
The main hall is the most important part of Longwei, and there are turrets at its four corners, so it is called "Four Corners Building". The four-corner building of the "training institute" is a two-story building, and the roof is a triangular eaves paved with blue tiles. It is about 8 meters high from the eaves to the ground. The interior of the "four-corner building" is a "three-entrance" structure with upper, middle and lower entrances, which are connected by patios and separated by wooden screens. The main hall is divided into two compartments, commonly known as the horizontal house. At the end of the horizontal house, more than a dozen houses with walls were built to enclose the dragon in the main house. The innermost part of the "three golds" is a purlin. The middle end of the purlin is a beautifully carved pavilion. In the center of Lingge, the ranking of Lian's ancestors is enshrined. On the top of the pavilion, the word "Wendetang" is engraved, and there is a pair of couplets on the left and right, which reads "Follow the instructions of ancestors, say thrift, and teach children and grandchildren to study and farm." This couplet is their ancestral motto, which means to educate future generations to be frugal. Only by concentrating on reading and working hard is the best way to buy a house and support your family.
Legend has it that building a house is because "five ghosts send silver"
The "Guangdong Wengong" enshrined by Wendetang is the founder of the "training room", Lian Yangjun. "Lianwu" was founded in the 12th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1807), with a history of 20 1 year. According to Lian's Genealogy, Lian Yangjun, a native of Guangdong, was a Chinese scholar. He moved from Moling Village, Xianbaihua Town to build this house.
There is a legend about why Lian Yangjun had so much money to build this Longwei at that time: "Five ghosts send silver": Lian Yangjun made a living by beating oil and squeezing sugar. One day, five salt transporters suddenly came to the village, carrying 10 loads of white salt to find a place to temporarily store it. They searched door to door, and only the kind Lian Yangjun agreed to the salt carrier's request and vacated his house to store salt for the salt carrier. After a long time, even Yang Jun didn't see the salt carrier come back to get the salt, so he went to check the salt storage situation. Who knows that 10 bears white salt and becomes 10 bears silver. Later, Lian Yangjun used this windfall to build this "practice room". However, "five ghosts send silver" is just a legend after all. The ancestors of the yogi built this ancestral home by hard work and frugality. Trainers had many carpenters in their early years. At the peak, nearly 100 carpenters lived in this training room. Before liberation, there were four or five timber factories in Jia Lian, specializing in the production of furniture, waterwheels and farm tools, as well as oil mills, sugar factories, cloth shops and tofu factories, which flourished for a while. The scale of the "training room" today is also the result of continuous maintenance by future generations.
Lian Zhifeng said that after the completion of the "Four Corners Building" in Guangzhou dialect, Lian's ancestors lived here. With the continuous growth of population, Lian's ancestors also built nearly 60 scattered houses on both sides of the "Four Corners Building", which are still well preserved. In this way, together with the original "four-corner building", the whole "training room" covers an area of nearly 100 acres.