Can posthumous title of the ancients be the same? Posthumous title, such as Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, are both Wen Zhong.

After the death of ancient emperors, governors, great officials and ministers, the imperial court gave them a title to praise and criticize good and evil according to their life and behavior, which was called Shi or posthumous title. The emperor's posthumous title is generally discussed by the ceremonial officials; Posthumous title was given by the imperial court. Generally, posthumous title, a bachelor of letters or a hermit, is added by his relatives, friends, students or old collectors, which is called private settlement, which is different from that awarded by the imperial court.

"those who make mistakes are also traces of their actions; No, the work of the table is also; Car clothes, the chapter of the position is also. Therefore, the big line is famous, and the small line is named. If you do it for yourself, you will be born in people. "

In ancient posthumous title, people used more than one word, such as Zhou Pingwang (Ping), Qin Mugong (Mu) and Wei An Wang (An); There are also two words, such as Zhao Huiwen Wang (Huiwen) and so on. Posthumous title, the emperor of later generations, used more than one word, such as Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (Wu, Wei Qiang Rui De Yue Wu) and Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty (Yang, Hao Nei Yuan Li Yue Yang); Others (referring to non-emperors) mostly use two words, such as Wenzhong Gong (Wenzhong, Ouyang Xiu) and Loyal Gong (Shi Kefa).

In ancient posthumous title, there were certain institutional rules.

Civil officials eulogized Wen

Military officials eulogized Wu

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the content of eulogy was basically the same. First, the number of posthumous title words of people at all levels is fixed.

there are 17 words for the Ming emperor, 1 word for the prince and 2 words for the minister. For example,

posthumous title, a Ming emperor, is: The day after tomorrow, Hongdao, Gaoming, Zhaoyun, Shengwu, Shengong, Chunren and Xiaowen.

There are 21 or 23 words for the Qing emperor, 1 word for the prince and 2 words for the minister. For example,

Emperor Kangxi's posthumous title is: He Tianhong, a civil servant, a wise man, a diligent and frugal man, and an emperor with great integrity and merits;

Emperor Xianfeng's posthumous title is: Xie Tianyi, a master of transportation, hangs down Mo Mao, Zhen Wu Sheng, Xiao Yuan, a respectful and generous emperor;

Emperor Qianlong's posthumous title is: Fa Tian, Long Yun, a sincere and enlightened body, Li Ji, Wen Fen, Wu Qinming, filial piety, a sacred and pure emperor < p Officials below grade one will not be awarded posthumously unless specially instructed. Only those who have been admitted to the Hanlin Academy or have been awarded a bachelor's degree will use the word "Wen" in posthumous title. Among the posthumous title with the word "Wen", "Wen Zheng" is the most rare; Only by special decree, not by the ministers; Only eight people (such as Zeng Guofan) were awarded "Wen Zheng" in the Qing Dynasty for more than 2 years. There are posthumous title below Wenzheng: Wenzhong (such as Li Hongzhang), only about ten people in the Qing Dynasty won this posthumous title; Then there are "Wen Xiang" (only those who are successful in martial arts, such as Zuo Zongtang), Wen Gong, Wen Cheng and so on.

In the history of China, after the Song Dynasty, there was a very strange phenomenon. After becoming an official, the literati dreamed of getting a posthumous title-Wen Zheng. As the ruler of the emperor, it is not easy to give this posthumous title to people. In history, most people who can get Wen Zheng, the posthumous title, were admired by the literati at that time.

from the aspect of divination, the word "Wen" doesn't have a fixed matching word. For example, Zhang Zhao, Si Mazhao, Yu Wentai and others all used the word "Wen". Wang Dao and posthumous title in the Eastern Jin Dynasty are documents. Throughout the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was the only one who buried documents.

In the Tang Dynasty, people from Wei Zhi, Lu Xiangxian and Song Jing got Wen Zhen's posthumous title. In the Tang Dynasty, whether Zhang was posthumously named Wen Zhen or the emperor personally wrote a letter ended the debate among courtiers about whether Zhang should posthumously choose Wen Zhen's posthumous title.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the custom of inheriting the Tang Dynasty. In the early years, several ministers, such as Li Yun and Wang Dan, were all canonized as Wen Zhen. When I arrived in Song Renzong, because Song Renzong's name was Zhao Zhen, Wen Zhen was changed to Wen Zheng in order to avoid it.

When Xia Song was drafted to be praised as a literary version, Sima Guang put forward for the first time: "The literary version is extremely beautiful, which is hard to see." Sima Guang believes that literature is a moral erudition, which is the position of Jing * *, and it is the acme of literati morality. After his propaganda, Wen Zheng was regarded as the most beautiful posthumous title among people and ministers. The emperor refused to give it to others easily.

During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, Li Dongyang, a great scholar, was going to die. Yang Yiqing, a great scholar, came to see him. When he saw that Li Dongyang was worried about posthumous title, Yang Yiqing told him that he would give him an upright posthumous title after his death. Dying Li Dongyang kowtowed to Yang Yiqing in bed. Because Li Yang and his wife had a close personal relationship, someone wrote a poem sarcastically saying, "Wen Zheng has never criticized Wang Fan, but now Wen Zheng is difficult. When the wind blows to the buttonwood, others say it's short. "

For more than 2 years in the Qing Dynasty, only eight people, namely Tang Bin, Liu Tongxun, Zhu Gui, Cao Zhenyong, Du Shoutian, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzao and Sun Jianai, got the posthumous title of Wen Zheng.