Summer solar term book
The earth's orbit around the sun was named "ecliptic" by the ancients, also known as "solar ecliptic". The ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts, separated by 15, forming 24 solar terms.
The 24 solar terms are actually 24 solar terms, 2 per month. Twenty-four solar terms take the earth's revolution around the sun as a cycle, which basically summarizes the different positions of the sun on the ecliptic at different times of the year, the exact time of cold coming and summer going, the laws of natural phenomena such as rainfall and snowfall, and the time of recording some phenological phenomena in nature.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people in China had the concepts of Solstice in the South and Solstice in the North. Subsequently, people divided the year into 24 equal parts according to the natural phenomena such as the running position of the sun and the moon at the beginning and middle of the month, the weather and the growth of animals and plants. And give each equal part a proper noun, that is, twenty-four solar terms.
By the end of the Warring States Period, solar terms had eight names: beginning of spring, Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms.
These eight solar terms mark the change of seasons and clearly divide the four seasons of the year. Later, when the book Huai Nan Zi was published, the names of the 24 solar terms were exactly the same as those of the modern ones. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.
Extended data:
Twenty-four solar term song:
In ancient China, agricultural irrigation depended on rivers, and agriculture was mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. Twenty-four solar terms Song is more suitable for agricultural guidance in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Until now, farmers in these areas are still engaged in agricultural production according to solar terms, temperature and precipitation.
The spring rain shakes the spring and clears the valley, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.
Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter.
The two festivals remain unchanged every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.
The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23.
Beginning of spring: beginning of spring is standing, and beginning of spring is beginning of spring.
Rain: It began to rain and gradually increased.
Sting: Sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil.
Equinox: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided.
Qingming: sunny and lush.
Grain Rain: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.
Long summer: the beginning of summer.
Xiaoman: Summer crops such as wheat are full of seeds.
Miscanthus species: Miscanthus crops such as wheat are mature.
Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.
Summer heat: Summer heat means heat. Slight summer heat refers to when the climate begins to get hot.
Big institutions: the hottest time of the year.
Beginning of autumn: The beginning of autumn.
Summer heat: place means stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer.
White dew: The weather turns cold and the dew condenses into white.
Autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night.
Cold dew: Dew is cold and will freeze.
First frost: it's getting colder and colder, frosty.
Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.
Xiaoxue: It's starting to snow.
Heavy snow: the snowfall is increasing, and there may be snow on the ground.
Solstice of winter: the cold winter is coming.
Slight cold: The climate began to get cold.
Great cold: the coldest time of the year.
Beginning of spring is divided from astronomy, but in nature and people's minds, spring is warm and flowers are fragrant. Spring is growth, cultivation and sowing. It has been thousands of years since beginning of spring ushered in spring. "The dividing line between beginning of spring and China in winter and spring (when the average daily temperature reaches 10 degrees Celsius for five consecutive days, it is counted as spring), from Guilin, Guangxi to Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
In the area south of this line, beginning of spring sometimes smells of spring, but 93% of the land in China is still winter, while in Heilongjiang, spring usually comes in Grain Rain during the long summer. Speaking of beginning of spring, people obviously feel that the days are getting longer and the sun is getting warmer. Temperature, sunshine and rainfall are often at the turning point of the year and tend to rise or increase.
The growth of crops in early spring is accelerated, and the water consumption for bolting rape and jointing wheat is increased. Irrigation and topdressing should be done in time to promote growth. "spring hits six or nine heads." Agricultural proverbs remind people: "When it begins to rain in spring, get up early and go to bed late." Da Chun also began to prepare for farming. Although "spring" has been established, frost will still appear in most areas of the basin. In a few years, there will be a scene of "snow can't reach spring, so it flies through trees".
These climatic characteristics should be taken into account when arranging agricultural production. Where is the information that people often look for in spring? The buds protruding from the wicker are "softer than gold and softer than silk"; The eager grass in the soil is waiting for "they grow taller in the spring breeze"; In order to win a new harvest, people who work hard in the fields are creating real spring with their hands.
One of the 24 solar terms. Since the slight cold, every additional Yang Jing 15 is another solar term. There are slight cold, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter and Daxue. The above is called the twelve solar terms.
Second, the floorboard of the twenty-four solar terms. Solar terms are generally calculated according to the solar calendar.
The earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days at 6: 09 and 10 second (exactly) and rotates once every 24 hours. Because the orbital plane of the earth's rotation is not the same as the equatorial plane, but maintains a certain inclination angle, the position of direct sunlight on the earth is different all year round.
In the northern hemisphere, the sun is almost directly on the tropic of cancer (23 26' north latitude, which is called summer solstice in astronomy). When the sun is almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn (23 26' south latitude), it is called the winter solstice. The solstice in summer and the solstice in winter mean that it is halfway between summer and winter. Twice a year, when the sun shines directly on the equator, it is the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, in the middle of spring and autumn. The day is as long as the night.
The solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons are: beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. Among them, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are collectively called "Sili", which means the beginning of the four seasons. There are five solar terms reflecting temperature changes: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and severe cold.
There are seven solar terms reflecting weather phenomena: rain, Grain Rain, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow and heavy snow. There are four solar terms reflecting phenological phenomena: Jing Zhe, Qing Ming, Xiaoman and Mang Zi. Solar terms refer to the moment, that is, when the longitude of the sun is equal to 15 degrees, it is Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Baidu encyclopedia-24 solar terms
Baidu Encyclopedia-24 solar term song