How did the names of the ancients come into being? Give examples to help the great gods.

Surname Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Volume 24, Women's Department: "Surname, born by people, from women, life, life is also loud." Ban Gu's "White Tiger with Tongde Theory" Volume 9 says: "Those who have surnames are born, and people are born because of the weather." "Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for eight years", "Emperor Jiande gave birth to a teacher". This shows that the original meaning of "surname" is "fate". Therefore, it is generally believed that the surname was originally a racial title representing blood, lineage and blood clan relationship, which is referred to as the family number for short. As a clan number, it is not the title of an individual or a family, but the title of the whole clan and tribe. According to documents, our ancestors originally used surnames for "other marriages", "Ming descent" and "other races". It came into being in the period of clan commune in primitive society. How did the surname come from? It is speculated that the origin of surnames is related to the totem worship of ancestors. In primitive times, all tribes and clans had their own totem worship objects, such as ears of wheat, bears and snakes, which used to be the totems of our ancestors, and this totem worship object became the symbol of our tribe. Later, it became the code name of all members of this tribe, that is, "surname". Because the number of ancient clan tribes is limited and countable after all, there are few surnames left in pure ancient times. According to the records in the Spring and Autumn Annals, the "ancient surnames" compiled by later generations are: Gui (now there is Guishui in Zhuolu, Hebei Province), Zi, Ji, Feng, Ying (Qin surname), Ji, Ren, Ji, Qian, Cao, Qi and Gui. Nearly half of these surnames have the word female next to them. Therefore, people speculate that surnames may be produced in matriarchal clan society. Zhang Taiyan and other scholars sorted out dozens of ancient surnames (about 59, 52 for Zhang Taiyan and 7 for others) from the older documents such as Shuowen, Shanhaijing, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, leaving only more than 80 surnames. It is conceivable that this is only a part of the actual surnames in ancient times, and there must be more than one original surname. Everyone else is missing. But one thing is certain: there were never so many surnames at that time as we say today. We can list several representatives of surnames from ancient times to the present. (1) After the Northern Song Dynasty, in feudal society, Hundred Family Names (edited by Qiantang, anonymous in the Northern Song Dynasty), which has long been used as a book for children's literacy, included 502 surnames (including 342 single surnames and 60 compound surnames). The beginning says: "Former Sun Zhaoli, Wu Zhou Zheng Wang, Chen Feng Chu Wei, Jiang Shen Han Yang ...") ② There are 1745 ancient surnames in Zheng Qiao's surnames in the Song Dynasty. (3) Wu Shen, editor of the Hanlin Academy in the Ming Dynasty, and others compiled Thousand Surnames of the Ming Empire, with the surname 1968, according to the household registration book collected by the Ministry at that time. (At the beginning, it says, "Zhu Feng is lucky, rich, spiritual, civil and military, Taoist Tang Tao ...") ④ Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty personally examined and approved "Hundreds of Surnames of the Royal Family", (At the beginning, it says, "Confucius is not in the party, Meng Xi is in Qiliang, the mountain is in Zhanyang, Zou Lu Rongchang, Zong Zheng, and you are in the summer ...") ⑤ Zhang Shu, A Qing. ⑥ After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), mainland scholars Yan Fuqing and others have edited and published The Complete Collection of Surnames in China, with a total of 5,730 surnames. Among them, there are 3470 single surnames, 2085 double surnames, three-character surnames 163, and four-character five-character surnames 12. Taiwan Province Province has also published 6,363 surnames of "China Surnames", but there are cases of repeated income in variant forms. ⑦ According to the sampling survey conducted by the Chinese Characters Department of China Language and Character Reform Commission in 1984 and the estimation of relevant experts, there are more than 3,000 surnames still in use today. (Meteorological Press 200 1 1 published "Contemporary Hundred Surnames" edited by Wang Daliang. According to the national census data of 1982, at present, there are about 400 commonly used surnames in China. According to the population statistics at that time, the top surnames of 100 were: Zhao Huang, Xu Zhu Heguo. Su Lu Jiang Yan, Yu Pandu Dai Xiajiang, Fan Liao Zhou Xiong Jin Lu, Hao Kongbai Cui Kang Wang Qiu Qin Jiangshi, Gu Houlang Meng Longwan Lei Qiantang, Yin Liyi Chang Wuqiao He Laigongwen. These 100 surnames account for more than 87% of the total population of China. Among them, the population of the three cities, namely, Shanghai, Shanghai and Shanghai, exceeds 300 million. Li 87 million, Wang 80 million, Zhang 8 million, Liu 60 million and Chen 50 million. The situation of the most popular surnames in cities across the country is also different. For example, the surnames of the former 10 people in Shanghai are: Chen Zhu Liu Shen. This figure is far from the so-called pure "surname" we mentioned earlier. In ancient times, the middle-aged and descendants of the same family of Shi were multiplied and divided into several branches, and each branch had a special title, which was Shi. Ji Kangzi, the doctor of Lu, was an important official at that time, and was called the son of Ji Jian in his will. The mechanic in "My Mechanic" only has the name of "Ding" without a surname, and the chef also; Dream in Liu Jingting is an actress named Meng. It can be seen that ancient aristocratic men called their surnames to distinguish them from others. At the same time, surnames can be used to seal the country and the city. For example, the original name in the Battle of Kans was changed to "first" because it was sealed in the original work; Another example is Biography of Qu Yuan, which says that Qu Yuan's surname is the same as Chu's, which means that Qu Yuan originally had the same surname as Chu's royal family, but was later sealed by his ancestors, so he took Qu as his surname. There are also people who take the official name as their surname and the place of residence as their surname. For example, there is an official in the off-page annotation of Wu Zhu, who is said to be the chief intensifier in ancient times, and later generations take this official as their surname. At the Battle of Kampf, there was Qin Jun commander Beremont Shi Ming, whose last name was this place name. Take technology as the surname or ancestors' words, and posthumous title as the surname. According to the Book of Rites, the name of the ancients should be a "baby name". Three months after the child was born, the father took the "first name", which was given by the elders when he was a child and called by your father and other venerable people. In the ancient Shang dynasty, it was often named after a certain birthday. One of the most popular customs at that time was to name people after cadres. After Zhou replaced Yin Shang, landlords and nobles even mystified people's birth. It is said that the etiquette that people should follow in naming is false. The so-called letter means that when Lu Gongzi was born, he had a tattoo on his hand similar to the word friend, so he became a friend. The so-called elephant, such as Confucius was born like a hill, so it was named Qiu. The so-called class means that children are similar to their biological fathers in some places, such as Prince Qi Huangong and Duke Huan, whose birthdays are the same and their children's names are the same. The so-called fake, for example, when Confucius' son was born, Lu Jun sent someone to send carp to congratulate him. During the Warring States period, people used the method of burning turtles to predict the signs. But there are also some special circumstances, such as men taking women's names. For details, please refer to the sixth volume of senior high school Chinese published by People's Education Press. "So the prince begged for the dagger of the world and got Mrs. Xu's dagger, Mrs. Xu's surname." In addition, there is an episode between the names, such as "the power of candles", "Meng Charity" and "Shen Buhai" mentioned in the textbook. It is not always an appendage between the surname and the first name. Every word is often an explanation and supplement of a name. Names and words have a certain connection: (! ) Names have the same meaning as words. Qu Ping, a Warring States poet, is synonymous with Yuan and Ping. In the Three Kingdoms period, the generals Zhou Yu, Yu Yu and Jin Du were beautiful jade. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties is also synonymous with Zi Gu, Gong and Gu. (2) Names and words have opposite meanings. The word "General", "Meng" and "Ming" in the Three Kingdoms period all had opposite meanings. Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, has the opposite meaning. (3) Names and words are semantically related. Li Yu, a drama theorist in the early Qing Dynasty, was named Li Hong, which means fisherman Dai Li. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, is known as Ju Peng, and Dapeng is ready to fly. (4) Names and characters are taken from classic books. Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms, the word Meng De, comes from Xunzi's book "Fu is called Moral Operation". In ancient times, a word "zi" was added before the word "zi" to show respect for men, such as Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty. Use commendatory words such as "Yuan, Gong, De, Wen" to express respect or good name for men. For example: Tao Yuanming, a bright figure; Zhou Yu, the word Gong Jin; Liu Bei, the word Xuande. "Your daughter" is often preceded by "surname". This number is also called a different number or a different word. The number is different from the word, which is taken by the elders of the guests when the adults hold the coronation ceremony to show their virtue, and has a certain connection with the name. Numbers are often improvised and not necessarily related to names. But Hao often uses some beautiful or elegant words, so Hao is also commonly known as the nickname. Such as Li Bai, since the number violet lay; Wang Anshi, a mid-level man. Posthumous title, an ancient scholar in China, gave an example: Mr. Wuliu, a violet Buddhist in Tao Jin, a Buddhist in Xiangshan in Tang Li Bai, a Buddhist in Dongpo in Tang Bai Juyi, a six-year-old Buddhist in Shi, a reclusive Buddhist in Song Ouyang Xiu, a native of Jiuhuashan in Song Zhu Shu Zhen, an old man in Mid-Levels in Tang Du Xunhe and a Taoist in the valley in Anshi, Wang Song. Shihu Buddhism-Song Fan Chengda Hushan Buddhism-Song Lushan Buddhism-Song Yi 'an Buddhism-Song Liqing Zhao Muslim Buddhism-Song Zhou Bangyan Hengshan Buddhism-Wenming Zhiming Buddhism-Yin Mingtang Wenling Buddhism-Li Ming Liu Zhiquan Buddhism (1) was praised by "Wenwu Zhaoxuan Society Yuanping Kangming"; (2) Criticize with the expression of "spirit and strength": Zhou Liwang was violent and suspicious in history, "defending the people's mouth is more important than defending Sichuan", so posthumous title is "strong"; (3) The king of Chu in Biographies of Qu Yuan was deceived by Zhang Yi and others many times and died in the State of Qin, expressing his pity by "comforting his grief". Poor thing, so posthumous title got pregnant. (4) After the death of some prestigious scholars, their relatives and friends were also posthumously awarded titles, which is called personal imprisonment. Note: Generally speaking, when posthumous title was buried, he got a posthumous gift some time after his death. For example, Zhou Shunchang in "Five Tomb Monuments" is "presented with beauty after death". When Zhou Shunchang died in Ming Xizong, posthumous title was posthumously granted by Emperor Chongzhen after he acceded to the throne. Temple number In the Han Dynasty, meritorious emperors also had temple numbers. The first emperor of each dynasty or generation is usually called "Taizu", "Gaozu" or "Shizu". Before the Tang Dynasty, the dead emperor was usually called posthumous title. After the Tang dynasty, it was called the temple number. The scholar's study is famous. Literati in China paid great attention to the naming of study, either by expressing their aspirations, encouraging them, expressing their feelings or expressing their wishes. Examples of the names of the scholar's study: Liu Yuxi —— Zhuge Liang in the humble room —— Yang Xiong in the thatched cottage —— Lu You in the Xuanting —— Pu Songling, an old scholar —— Zhang Pu in the serial studio —— Qi Zhuozhai Liu E —— Liang Qichao who helps the disabled and guards the poor —— Lu Xun in the ice room —— Wen Yiduo in the Greenwood Bookstore ——— Isn't Zhu Ziqing on the first floor ——— You Xian Game Zhai? Wei Jufeng Zikai-Yuan Yuantang Mei Lanfang-Meihua Poetry Club Feng Youban-Sansongtang Wang Li-Dragon Insect Carving Zhai Ruan Zhangjing-Bitter Noise Building Chen Heng-Li Gengtang