What was ancient Wenzhou like? (Wenzhou, Zhejiang)
It is said that there is a qingtian county in Yongjia, not far from qingtian county, and there is also a muxi Wild where a pair of white cranes give birth to young cranes every year. Unfortunately, I couldn't stay. When I grew up, I flew away. In such a vast stream wilderness, in the end, only the parents of white cranes. However, they are slender, white and lovely. After many years, their appearance has not changed. The locals said that this is probably a crane raised by the gods. It is also said that a fairy wrote the Xianghe Jing, which specifically recorded a Qingtian white crane, saying it was rare.
Last time I talked to my friend, he said, qingtian county? It won't be that qingtian county in Zhejiang, will it? Near Wenzhou.
When I checked the information, it was really in the west of Wenzhou, next to Yongjia County. Only then did I know that the original Yongjia was Wenzhou.
Qingtian county is called Qingtian, which is very interesting.
According to the story of Yongjia County, there is a kind of grass growing in the local area. Its leaves are shaped like bamboo, with wide upper part and sharp lower part. Pick a handful, soak it in water, add some lime to ferment, and it becomes blue, named "Bamboo Green", which can be used to dye clothes. This kind of dyed grass is everywhere and thrives. People simply call this place Qingtian.
1300 years later, in the Qing dynasty, the origin of Qingtian was much more advanced. Qingtian County Chronicle during the reign of Kangxi wrote that Qingtian was called Qingtian because there was a mountain and there was a field under it. Ganoderma lucidum grew in the field-Ganoderma lucidum is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine, which can improve eyesight and nourish liver qi. Probably because the treatment effect is so good, many ancient prescriptions and books have said that if Qingzhi is eaten for a long time, it can make the body lighter, prolong life, make money and treasure, and live forever. Emperor Qing, the immortal in charge of the East, usually eats green cheese.
Whether longevity is true or not depends on fate. I don't know the way, I can only talk and listen. But in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, everyone believed it, especially Yongjia, where there were white cranes said to be raised by immortals, so many people came to ask immortals to live in seclusion.
For example, there is a Zhang Geng whose name is Wen Jun. He is an alchemist at the foot of Baiheshan, which is Danxia Mountain in Yueqing County, Wenzhou. There is a crane pavilion on the mountain now. Zhang Geng not only made an alchemist, but also planted dozens of hectares of bamboo at home. 1 hectare is more than 30,000 square meters, dozens of hectares, which is really enviable!
Another advantage of living in a big place is that people who don't want to see can visit and live in seclusion at any time. No matter how you look, you can't find it. Zhang Gao became famous in Yongjia, and Wang Xizhi wanted to visit him when he was a county magistrate in Yongjia. Zhang Gao, a monk, didn't want to associate with the world, so he fled to the bamboo forest. Wang Xizhi came over, lush, but could not see the man, so he had to go back with a sigh.
Although he didn't see Zhang Gao, Wang Xizhi had a good time in Yongjia.
The Bailifang in the city and the waterway 50 kilometers to Pingyang Island are all lotus flowers, which are white and have quality. Pengpeng's dense leaves float on the clear water, large and small, comfortable and curly; The golden orange fish swims around in it, sometimes hitting the ship's rail and making a slight movement. Wang Xizhi often passes by boat. In hot summer, his body and mind are cool.
Autumn is another scene. Lotus leaf withered, half withered, thin branches grew out of the water and drooped slightly. Although the lotus leaf is full of lotus seeds, the color is somewhat depressed after all. But at this time, it became lively, and the heavy red oranges lined up and were eliminated. Just ask, when can I eat!
And Chinese milk vetch. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people wanted to eat Wushi powder, saying that it could strengthen the body and prolong life. One of the ingredients is milk vetch. Yongjia happens to have a pottery village. Purple should be produced on the mountain in the village. Angular, bright and pure color, small and light, is the top grade. Wang Xizhi picked a lot because he got the moon first by being near the water.
Wang Xizhi also likes the inkstone on Huayan Mountain, and wrote a passage in Fa Tie, "It is very close to Huayan inkstone, which is quite good". Stone is used as inkstone, and ink is washed in the pool. Wang Xizhi found a small pool in the southeast of Yongjia County. The water here is very clear and good, so he often washes inkstones and pens there. Later people called this pool Mo Chi, saying that on the first day of the first month, there were ink spots on the water, like tadpoles; But when the water is scooped up, it is clear: this is the aura of Wang Xizhi's ink painting here-but I always feel that those small ink spots are really just tadpoles?
This idea is so disappointing. Fortunately, Yongjia has beautiful scenery, which is beyond the reach of a layman like me. For example, Xie Lingyun praised Yongjia.
Xie Lingyun, the originator of landscape poetry, is famous for his wild and unconstrained style. Liu Sannian (AD 422) went to Yongjia as a satrap, reaching Yandang Mountain in Yueqing County in the north, Lingmen Mountain in Pingyang in the south and Shimen Cave in Qingtian in the west ... He traveled everywhere and was impressed by the beautiful scenery of Yongjia and wrote many poems.
For example, "Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows turn into songbirds", which is not surprising at first glance. Of course, there should be grass growing in the pond, and it is normal to have birds on the willow branches. But such "spring grass" has changed with the sight. In the colorless pond, there is a little more light green gradually. This light green gradually expanded and spread along the pond. Wow, the scenery of spring is everywhere, and birds are singing in my ears. Where are the birds? I only saw the fluffy catkins soft, and then looked intently, the birds were hidden in the depths of the tree! This is such a change.
There are other poems, such as "clouds and the sun set each other off, and the empty water is fresh." Clouds and the sun are hanging in the sky, shining brightly, making the sky and streams clearer and fresher. It is also a very common scene, but who would have thought that clouds could reflect the sky and water? Who would have thought that heaven and water could be described as "fresh"?
This brushwork is really good. No wonder later, great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Lu You were all bewitched by Xie Lingyun, thinking that "the mountains and rivers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were called Yongjia" and admired Yongjia.
Yongjia has not only good scenery, but also rich products.
There is honey. Every July and August, many bees fly to Yongjia in droves, and people who want to keep bees put honey in vats. Bees smell it, come and hover a few times, and then fly away to call other companions; The 3344, look again, is the hum of a group of bees coming to settle down, which is extremely cautious.
Sweet things include sugar cane and pears.
I don't know why sugar cane is called "hippopotamus chef", or is it because the tufted tall stems look like hippopotamus chef? But this is really good sugarcane.
Pears are ok. The most famous one in Qingtian is called "Official Pear", which can grow to five inches in circumference. There are two ancient sayings: one is the length of thumb and forefinger; One is to put your arms together. No matter what kind, pears are big! Big and delicious, juicy and sweet. The best official pear is a tribute to the emperor, whose name is changed to Yongru, and it will always be guarded by the government for fear that someone will steal it. So the locals don't know what it tastes like, except that when it falls to the ground, the juice will melt immediately.
And sericulture. There is a large mulberry field in Yongjia suburb, where silkworms can cocoon eight times a year-Xian Zhen silkworm (March), Zhejiang silkworm (early April), Mi silkworm (late April), Ai Zhen (May), Ai Zhen (late June), Han Zhen silkworm (late July) and Si silkworm (late July).
Due to its proximity to the Oujiang River, Yongjia is rich in seafood. There are sweet snails, clams, catfish, crucian carp and oysters. If you can't finish eating the fish, you can marinate it with salt, make it into fish, and eat turtle feet and window shells.
Water is good, seafood is good. There is a Sanyuan Pavilion in Lecheng County, and there is an inlet called Sanyuan Bay next to the pavilion. One day, a catfish died in Sanyuan Bay, and its beard was five or six times as big. Everyone rushed in, and the meat alone made more than 300 kilograms of fish. This shows that this fish is really big. It is also very big that such a big fish died in Sanyuan Bay. So the locals joked: basking in the sun is delicious!
-Wow, that's bullshit! What is its edible value?
-The abdomen is like Sanyuan Bay, and it can do anything!
This is bragging.
Mountain treasures, Yongjia has seafood as well as mountain treasures: bamboo shoots, Polygonatum sibiricum, asarum, Mount Hengshan, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Coptidis, auricularia auricula, auricularia auricula ... There are many minerals, besides Ziyingshi and inkstone excavated by Wang Xizhi, there are also Bai Shiying, halloysitum rubrum and stalactite. ...
Ceramics are also very famous, called "Ou Porcelain". The fetal bones are delicate, gray-white and blue-gray, painted with black glaze, blue glaze and sea blue glaze. The color is blue, elegant and plain, and the bones are distinct, so it is also called "light porcelain". There are also many shapes. In addition to the common containers, utensils, pen holders, inkstones, water bowls, candlesticks and lamps, there are many funerary utensils, such as barns, stoves, chicken coops and dog kennels ... which can be seen in some museums.
There are also new ways of pouring steel, shipbuilding and traveling ... it is very lively to think about it. When Wenzhou is mentioned now, the first impression is that the business is developed. In fact, as early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty around 300 AD, Wenzhou, also known as Yongjia, had developed well. There is a saying called "fertile soil in the southeast, a big meeting."
But Yongjia before the Eastern Jin Dynasty was not so developed. Because it is located in wuyue, it is a barbarian land, and it has developed, but it is not as good as the Central Plains. In addition, in the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 10), Liang Wudi wiped out Fujian and Vietnam in one fell swoop, and the Yongjia royal family moved to Jianghuai twice with the people. With fewer people, the economy is gradually declining. History books say that there are few people here, the fields are filthy, and there are wasteland that nobody wants everywhere.
Until the Yongjia Rebellion in the late Western Jin Dynasty (AD 311)-it was also Yongjia! Luoyang, the capital, was attacked by the northern Hu people, and the royal family, aristocratic families and many people moved to the south of the Yangtze River. Yongjia has gradually developed, and there are many more people in the city.
With more people, the old city will be useless, so we should build another one. Ancient people paid attention to feng shui, so they didn't do it easily. In the first year of Taining in East Jin Mingdi (A.D. 323), the court asked Feng Shui master Guo Pu to visit first, hoping to choose a good place.
Guo Pu originally wanted to choose Xianzai Township (now Oubei Town, Yongjia County) on the north side of Oujiang River, but after field investigation, he found that the soil was too light-that is, the water content of sand was too high, the bearing capacity was low and unstable, so he lived in Jiang Lai. He saw seven peaks in the northwest, standing like the Big Dipper. For modern people, the Big Dipper is a guide that can lead the way in the suburbs, but the north of China was revered in ancient times. It is said in Historical Records that "war is the emperor's car". The Big Dipper is the monarch's car sitting in the sky, which is very noble, so the terrain with the Big Dipper is very auspicious.
So Guo Pu put five mountains, Songtai, Guo Gong, Haitan, Gai Hua and Ji Gu, into the city, and gave birth to five elements of water. He put turtles in the east, Sichuan silk in the west, Yantang in the south, waves in the north and kettles in the middle. It is said that because of good feng shui, there was a white deer when the city was built, and it slowly passed through the city with flowers in its mouth, so Yongjia was also called "Lucheng", and now there is Lucheng District of Wenzhou.
This kind of thing, Feng Shui, is a bit mysterious to many people. More realistically, if a city is built on a mountain, the city has a solid foundation and is easy to defend but difficult to attack, so that peace can be maintained for a long time. More than 300 years later, in the seventh year of Tang Wude (AD 624), there was a rebellion in Yongjia, and the imperial army built fortifications in Gaihua Mountain to repel the rebels. During the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.1165438-09-125), Fang La rose to fight Yongjia, but after more than a month's attack, he still could not break the city, so he had to retreat bitterly-Guo Pu was a good place!
References:
Jin Shu, Zi Tongzhi Jian and Yongjia Ji
Textual research on the deeds of Yuanjia Sanjie Qian Yongjia County
Planning Thought of Yongjia County in Ding Junqing and Its Academic Significance
Tongshan's Viewing Dong 'ou Capital from the Evolution of Counties and Counties
Historical facts of Bucheng, Yongjia County, Guo Pu —— Discussion with Mr. Hou