What aspects must be observed in the identification of ancient jade?
The identification of ancient jade, its dark color, patina, vessel shape and decorative features are important basis for judging its age.
in the cultural period, there were white ashes and cinnabar oozes
As we all know, Chinese culture has different forms of expression in different historical periods and different regions, and this cultural difference will lead to great changes in the shapes and decorations of unearthed cultural relics. Different regions will lead to different regional differences in the Qin color of unearthed cultural relics. So we can explain the differences of unearthed cultural relics in different regions even in the same period. This difference is more prominent in the cultural period. Through the study of prehistoric unearthed cultural relics, we can find that the unearthed cultural relics in every region in the cultural period will have distinct regional cultural characteristics.
cicadas with different jade qualities in different periods and regions have different Qin colors.
Many good ancient people have such a knowledge that the beauty of ancient jade is precious in Qin. Therefore, we will inevitably talk about the deep color of jade. Although the study of Qin color has become a commonplace topic, we still have to talk about Qin color, because Qin color has a great influence on the identification of ancient jade.
There was a plain jade jade that was atomized and oozed in Qijia culture period
As far as the color of ancient jade is concerned, the color of ancient jade is a gift of nature and a witness of the passage of time. Between the depth, shallowness, size and depth of the surface of ancient jade, the images formed by the Qin color of ancient jade are always surprising; On the image of ancient jade, it seems that ancient jade is telling the grievances and enmities of its original owner thousands of years ago. In short, people who play ancient jade don't play Qin, just like there is no rainbow after the rain clears. Although it gives people freshness, it lacks beauty and surprise, which makes people feel sorry. At the same time, the author emphasizes once again that you should never take Qin jade as a sick jade. For a person who is good at ancient jade, it is really annoying that ancient jade is not Qin.
Colorful Shang and Zhou jades
After talking about my views on the Qin color of ancient jade, I think it is necessary to talk about the process of ancient jade receiving Qin, which is a dynamic development process. In this process, the environment, temperature, humidity and peripheral materials of ancient jade burial all change with time. Although ancient jade has not moved in this environment for a hundred years, 5 years and 1 years, it will not affect the surface of jade at all. The state of immersion is quite different. Here, I want to clarify that lime ooze is not just white. According to the observation of unearthed cultural relics, lime ooze jade can make the surface of jade appear yellow, flesh-colored, red, brown and black, and it can also make all colors converge. This series of lime ooze has a great relationship with the length of time, the density of jade, the small environment of jade's yin and yang, and the ancient cutting and grinding process.
Jade Ge in Shang and Zhou Dynasties
In the collection circle, the so-called "color is born, color is born, light is born, and gas is born." There is a scientific reason to follow. This sentence not only describes the process of ancient jade receiving Qin simply and vividly, but also briefly explains several aspects of jade identification. To sum up, the Qin of ancient jade is a collection of natural aura. With the brewing of time and the geomantic omen of crypts, it is born naturally, with vivid phosgene and humanistic infiltration. Its charm is very good. The surface layer is quaint and vicissitudes, and the place without Qin color is as warm as baby's skin. Therefore, all genuine ancient jade, because of the preservation conditions, the surface of jade can be without Qin color, but it can not be without warm phosgene, the infiltration of humanistic charm and the essence of heaven and earth. Today, although people can imitate the shape and pattern of ancient jade with old jade materials, it is difficult to imitate its Qin color; That is to say, the use of chemical chemicals to erode and the catalysis of high temperature and high pressure imitate the genuine essence, but it is difficult to unify phosgene and charm. Therefore, the identification of ancient jade can see the shape, jade material and work pattern, which is the basic skill of beginners; People who can read Qin color are enough to call them masters; And those appraisers who can identify phosgene and charm are the experts in ancient jade research and appraisal.
Yu Longpei in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
When talking about Qin color, he must mention "black lacquer ancient" or "mercury Qin". Here, the author would like to state that although Black Lacquer Ancient is very similar to Mercury Qin, there are also considerable boundaries, so Black Lacquer Ancient is not necessarily Mercury Qin. As we all know, mercury, as a liquid metal, is silvery white in color, which is easy to volatilize, and it has a great toxic effect on human body after being volatilized into gas. Because of the anti-theft consideration, the ancients spilled a lot of mercury in the tomb. The most typical use of this anti-theft method is the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang. In archaeological excavations, it was found that the owner's skeleton of a tomb sprinkled with mercury was black, which was a manifestation of mercury volatilization and attachment to the thigh sea.
Jade Gods in Shijiahe Culture Period
Of course, when mercury adheres to the surface of jade, because of the relatively high density of jade, mercury may not be able to blend with jade, and it is even more impossible to have a color change like human bone poisoning. According to archaeological excavations, many ancient tombs used mercury to guard against theft, but the jades with black lacquer are hard to see (and those jades with so-called black lacquer are usually the original leather of jade or the result of some chemical reaction), and the jades with mercury ooze are even more difficult to see. Therefore, black lacquer is mercury in ancient times, which needs to be verified.
The black spot on the white on the right side of the jade in Han Dynasty is suspected to be mercury ooze
After that, let's discuss the shape and ornamentation of the jade. One thing is very certain about the shape and ornamentation of jade articles, that is, they are products of the same era, except, of course, those "old materials and new works" jade articles. People who are fond of collecting understand this point, but in order to let everyone know more clearly the epochal nature of jade shapes and ornamentation, the author will give a very easy-to-understand example. In fact, the epochal nature of jade shapes and ornamentation is like that of big braid in robes and mandarin jackets 2 years ago, and there are few suits and ties. Even if there are suits and ties, they came back from studying abroad, which is an exception among all living beings, so the jade shapes and ornamentation are in the vast majority.
in the cultural period, there was a tattoo of a jade god in Zhushaqin
Jade Bird in Shang Dynasty
Secondly, the author explained some points about the rampant counterfeiting of cultural relics at present. Modern jade counterfeiting is almost always made with reference to the shapes and patterns in the catalogue. If you simply infer from the shape and ornamentation of vessels, it is very unconvincing, because modern carving tools can completely carve more exquisite ornamentation and ornamentation than ancient jade. If you don't understand the law of the burial characteristics of some ancient jade, the unique ornamentation caused by cultural factors in ancient times, and the trace characteristics of jade processing technology limited by productivity level, then taking medicine and drilling holes is also an inevitable result. Although the shape of vessels and ornamentation can play an important role in determining the age of ancient jade, it is still difficult to break through the curse of judging the old and new ancient jade. In other words, ornamentation and ornamentation can not determine the old and new jade, but only have some auxiliary functions.
Although modern jade carvings use moist Hetian jade, there is a thief's light
Therefore, we should not take some conclusions left by our ancestors as the law of "universally applicable" to identify ancient jade, such as mercury ooze is caused by mercury, red ooze is caused by blood or cinnabar, and so on. Because our ancestors had limited knowledge and cognitive ability in the study of ancient jade at that time, it was difficult for the ancients to explain some phenomena on jade by scientific means, so our ancestors left us a lot of empirical things, and we need to constantly verify whether these theories are established and correct in practice. We should "take the essence and discard the dross".
detailed map of ancient jade
Time and practice are the best criteria for testing truth. Whether it is for people or things, there is an old saying: "The horse power is known from a distance, and people will see it for a long time." Similarly, "touch a hundred pieces of ancient jade, and the truth is self-evident."
carve exquisite ancient jade.