Who were on the list of kings in the Qin Dynasty?
1. Qin Feizi
Qin Feizi (9-846 BC), who won the surname Zhao, was named Fei Zi. After Bo Yi, he was the grandson of E Lai V, an important minister of Shang Dynasty, and the founding monarch of Qin State, a vassal state of Zhou Dynasty. He reigned from about 9 BC to 858 BC. Qin Feizi, who was good at raising horses, was appreciated by Zhou Xiaowang, and was granted the title of Qin land, becoming the monarch of the State of Qin, so-called Qin Won. In 858 BC, Feizi died, and his son, the marquis of Qin, succeeded him to the throne.
2. marquis of Qin
marquis of Qin won the surname of Zhao, whose name was lost. He was the son of Qin Feizi, the second monarch of Qin, and reigned from 857 to 848.
3. Qin Gongbo
Qin Gongbo (846-844 BC) was the monarch of Qin in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Son of the marquis of Qin. Only three years in office, there are few records about Qin Gongbo in the history books. It is roughly known that he was Qin Hou and Qin Feizi, and his son was Qin Zhong.
4. Qin Zhong
Qin Zhong (845-822 BC), surnamed Zhao, whose name is unknown, was the son of Qin Gongbo, a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and reigned from 844 BC to 822 BC. In 824 BC, Zhou Xuanwang appointed Qin Zhong as a doctor and ordered him to lead an army to attack Xirong. In 822 BC, Qin Zhong was defeated and killed in battle with Xirong. After Qin Zhong's death, his eldest son Qin Zhuanggong acceded to the throne.
5. Qin Zhuanggong
Qin Zhuanggong (reigned for 44 years from 821 BC to 778 BC), won the surname, Zhao, named him (men didn't call his surname in the pre-Qin period, although he won the surname, he didn't call him won), the eldest son of Qin Zhong, the monarch of Qin State in the Western Zhou Dynasty, BC. In the sixth year of Zhou Xuanwang (822 BC), Qin Zhong was attacked and killed by Xirong, and the prince acceded to the throne for Qin Zhuanggong.
6. Qin Xianggong
Qin Xianggong (777-766 BC) reigned for 12 years, and his surname was Zhao, Ming Kai, the second son of Qin Zhuanggong. He was the first monarch who was officially listed as a vassal in the Spring and Autumn Period, and he reigned from 778 BC to 766 BC.
in 778 BC, Qin Zhuanggong died and Qin Xianggong acceded to the throne. At that time, Qin's national strength was weak, and Dijon was in trouble. At the beginning of Qin Xianggong's accession to the throne, he married his sister Miu Mi to Rong Renfeng, in order to divide Rong people. In 776 BC, Qin Xianggong moved the capital to Changyi (now Longxian County, Shaanxi Province) and advanced eastward.
in 771 BC, Shen Hou and Quan Rong attacked Haojing, attacked and killed Zhou Youwang at the foot of Lishan Mountain, and Qin Xianggong saved Zhou with soldiers. His drought-striken fields moved to the east, and Qin Xianggong sent troops to escort him to seal the vassals. After moving eastward, Zhou Pingwang gave Qin the land west of Qishan, which the royal family could not control. Since then, Qin has become a vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty, laying the foundation for Qin's strength in the future.
in 766 BC, Qin Xianggong was killed in the war and buried in his hometown (Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County, Gansu Province), and his son Qin Wengong succeeded him.
7. Qin Wengong
Qin Wengong, who reigned from 765 to 716, won his surname, Zhao, whose name is unknown, was the son of Qin Xianggong, the monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period.
During the reign of Qin Wengong, a historian was set up to record it; Defeated Xirong, incorporated the adherents of the Zhou Dynasty, and expanded to the west of Qi (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province); Formulate a criminal law that punishes the three ethnic groups. At that time, Qin people had completely settled down and engaged in agriculture.
in 716 BC, Qin Wengong died, and Wen Gong, posthumous title, was buried in Xishan (now Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). After Qin Wengong's death, his grandson Qin Ninggong (Qin Xiangong) succeeded to the throne.
8. Qin Jinggong
Qin Jinggong (? -718 BC), also known as Qin Jinggong, and Historical Records of Qin Benji was written by Qin Yougong, who won the surname of Qin, and his name has been lost. Prince of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. The son of Qin Wengong died before he succeeded to the throne.
9. Qin Xiangong
Qin Xiangong (724 BC-74 BC), Records of the Historian Qin Benji, was mistaken as Qin Ninggong, won surname, Zhao, Mingli, grandson of Qin Wengong, son of Qin Jinggong (a Duke of Qin), and monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, BC.
Qin Xiangong was made an heir by his grandfather Qin Wengong because his father Qin Jinggong died young. In 716 BC, Qin Wengong died, and Qin Xiangong succeeded to the throne, living in Xixinyi, and then moved to Pingyang. In 713 BC, he sent troops to capture the Dangshe (a Tang Du) of Bo Rong (a branch of Xi Rong). In 78 BC, he captured Rui Bowan, the monarch of the State of Rui.
in 74 BC, troops were sent to wipe out the Dang family in Xirong. In the same year, Qin Xiangong died at the age of 21 and was buried at the foot of Xishan Mountain (now the North Cemetery in Baoji, Shaanxi Province).
1, Qin Chuzi
Qin Chuzi (78 BC-698 BC), won the surname of Qin. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of Qin State, the youngest son of Qin Xiangong, reigned from 73 to 698, and * * * reigned for 6 years.
11. Qin Degong
Qin Degong (71-676 BC) was the monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qin Xiangong's second son, Qin Wugong's brother and Qin Chuzi's brother, reigned for 2 years.
678 years ago, Qin Wugong died, and his son was sealed in Pingyang (now southwest of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province) and failed to succeed. His brother Qin Degong succeeded.
677 years ago, Qin Degong moved the capital of Qin State to Yongcheng (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), and sacrificed 3 cows, sheep and pigs to heaven and earth, divining whether it was appropriate to live in Yongcheng. The result of divination is that future generations will drink horses by the Yellow River.
in the same year, the kings of Liang and Rui came to appear before the court. In 676 BC, Fu Sacrifice was set up for the first time, and dogs were sacrificed at the four gates of the city to dispel the heat of spreading diseases.
Qin Degong has three sons, the eldest son Qin Xuangong, the second son Qin Chenggong and the youngest son Qin Mugong. Before 676, Qin Degong died and was buried in Yang, and his eldest son Qin Xuangong succeeded him.
12. Qin Xuangong
Qin Xuangong (? -664 BC), the monarch of the State of Qin, the eldest son of Qin Degong, the eldest brother of Qin Chenggong and Qin Mugong, died after twelve years in office and was buried in Pingyang Tomb Area (Dongyang Ping Town, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province). There are nine children, who are not established, and they are passed on to their brother Qin Chenggong.
13. Qin Chenggong
Qin Chenggong (? -66 years ago), won the surname, first name. Qin Degong's second son, the younger brother of Qin Xuangong, reigned from 663 to 66 years ago. The Historical Records was published in A.D., and the kings of Liang and Ruiguo, two old countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty, came to appear before him. Died after three years in office. There are seven sons, all of whom have not been established. His younger brother has been appointed to the throne for Qin Mugong.
14. Qin Mugong
Qin Mugong (682-621 BC) was a Duke Miao of Qin, whose surname was Zhao, whose name was Ren Hao, the youngest son of Duke De of Qin, the younger brother of Duke Xuan of Qin and Duke Cheng of Qin, and the ancestor of the Duke Miao. It was recognized as one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period in Historical Records.
after Qin Mugong succeeded to the throne, he appointed Priscilla, Uncle Jian and Yu Yu as advisers, defeated the State of Jin, captured Jin Huigong, and destroyed the States of Liang, Rui and Slippery. Qin Mugong attached great importance to talents. During his term of office, Meng Mingshi, Xiqiao Shu, Bai Yibing and others were selected as good generals. He also assisted Jin Wengong to return to the State of Jin to seize the throne, so as to realize the goodness of Qin and Jin.
After Jin Wengong's death, the alliance collapsed and Qin Jin confronted him. Qin Mugong originally wanted to move eastward, and he thought about it in the Central Plains. Later, he was defeated by the Jin army twice in the battle of Kan in 627 BC (now southeast of Sanmenxia, Henan Province) and the battle of Peng Ya in 625 BC (now northeast of Baishui, Shaanxi Province), and three generals were captured, and Qin Jun was completely annihilated. Qin Dongjin's road was firmly seized by Jin.
15. Qin Kanggong
Qin Kanggong (? -69 BC), a famous emperor of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qin Mugong's son, Muji, is Jin Wengong's sister. During the reign of Qin Kanggong, there were many wars between Qin and Jin, and Qin gradually declined from the overlord of Xirong in Qin Mugong.
Qin Kanggong sent Zhong Er, the son of Jin, back to China and sent him to Weiyang, where he wrote a poem: "I will send my uncle to Weiyang", and later generations used Weiyang as a metaphor for the relationship between nephews and uncles.
16. Qin Gong
Qin Gong (? -65 years ago), Huaxia nationality, won the surname of Zhao, whose name was recorded in Research in Historical Records, and the son of Qin Kanggong in Zuo Zhuan, who ascended the throne in 68 years ago, reigned for four years (wrongly translated as five years in Historical Records) and died in 65 years ago. The so-called Qin Sangong in Lu Chunqiu refers to Qin Mugong, Qin Kanggong and Qin Gonggong.
16. Duke Huan of Qin
Duke Huan of Qin (? -577 BC), Han nationality, won surname, Ming Rong, son of Qin Gonggong. According to Zuo Zhuan's Fifteen Years of Xuangong, Wei Wu Zi had a concubine who had no children. When Wu Zi was just ill, he ordered his son Wei Ke to marry her. When Wu Zi was critically ill, he ordered Wei Ke to bury his concubine.
After Wu Zi's death, Wei Ke married his concubine and said, "This is an order from his father when he was sober."
In July 594 BC, Duke Huan of Qin sent troops to attack Jin, and the two armies fought fiercely in Fushi (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province). Wei Ke, the general of Jin Dynasty, met Du Hui, the general of Qin Dynasty. Suddenly, he saw an old man trapping Du Hui with a straw rope. Du Hui was unstable, fell to the ground, and was captured on the spot. Wei Ke won a great victory.
17. Qin Jinggong
Qin Jinggong (? -537 BC), won surname, Zhao, son of Duke Huan of Qin, monarch of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 576 BC to 537 BC.
Qin Jinggong has governed the State of Qin for 39 years, pushing the forces of Qin to the Central Plains. His grave, Qin Gong No.1 Tomb, was openly buried by the Emperor of Heaven, covering an area of 5,334 square meters. It was discovered in Nanzhang Village, Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province in 1976, and it is the largest tomb excavated in China so far.
18. Qin Aigong
Qin Aigong, surnamed Zhao, was a monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Qin Jinggong, and reigned from 536 BC to 51 BC. In the first 55 years, Wu captured the capital of Chu, and Shen Baoxu turned to Qin for help. Bao Xu lingered outside the Qin Palace, crying day and night for seven days and seven nights.
Qin Aigong said with emotion, "Although Chu has no way, if there are ministers, can there be nothing left?" So he sent his troops to save Chu, defeated Wu Jun, and He Lv, the king of Wu, withdrew his troops and returned home.
19. Qin Yigong
Qin Yigong, a native of China in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the son of Qin Aigong. He won the surname and his name was unknown. He was made the heir to the Duke of Qin and died before he ascended the throne. "Historical Records" said that Yi Gong "died early and could not be established. He established Yi Gongzi for the benefit of the public." That is to say, he never became the official monarch of Qin.
2. Qin Huigong
Qin Huigong, the son of Qin Yigong, was the monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period and reigned from 5 to 491 years ago. Qin Huigong reigned from 5 years ago to 491 years ago. Qin Yigong, the son of Qin Yigong, died early, so Qin Aigong succeeded to the throne with Yi Gongzi. Hui Gong died ten years ago, and his son mourned the public. During this period, Confucius held an important position in Lu.
21. Qin Daogong
Qin Daogong (? -477 BC), the monarch of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. The son of Qin Huigong, who reigned for 15 years, was mistaken for 14 years in Historical Records of Qin Benji and Chronology of Twelve Governors. In 477, Qin Daogong died and was buried in Jinggong West in Qiuli.
Qin Daogong built a city in Yongcheng (now south of Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) during his reign, and his son Qin Li succeeded him after his death.
22. Qin Li * * * Gong
Qin Li * * * Gong (? -443 years ago), won the surname Zhao. Ming La, Historical Records of Qin Benji as Qin La Gong Gong, Historical Records of Justice as Qin Li Gong Gong, son of Qin Daogong. From 476 to 443.
in the first 476 years, he sent troops to attack Weicheng. In the tenth year of Emperor Li of Qin Dynasty (the second year of King Zhen Ding of Zhou Dynasty, the first 467 years), Halley's Comet appeared in the sky, which was bright and easy to see. In the first 461 years, a defensive moat was built along the Yellow River, and 2, soldiers were used to cut Xirong Dali (now Dali Chaoyi, Shaanxi Province)
23, Qin Zaogong Qin Zaogong (499-429 years ago), son of Duke Li of Qin. In 442 BC, Qin Gong acceded to the throne, and in the 13th year of Qin Zaogong (43 BC), Yi Qu, a Xirong nationality, launched a large-scale attack on Qin until it was repulsed by Qin Jun. The following year, a manic public pawn, his brother came to the throne from Jin, for the sake of Huai Gong.
24. Qin Huaigong
Qin Huaigong (499-425 BC), who won the surname of Zhao, was named Feng, the son of Duke Li of Qin, the brother of Qin Zaogong, and the monarch of the State of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigned from 428 to 425 BC. Qin Zaogong died, and his younger brother was welcomed from the State of Jin by his elder brother, for the sake of Huai Gong.
At that time, the state affairs were manipulated by the old nobles. In the fourth year of Qin Huaigong (the first 425 years), Qin Shu and other nobles forced Qin Huaigong to commit suicide. Due to the early death of Prince Zhao, the following year, the minister made the grandson of Huai Gong as the king, for Qin Linggong.
25. Qin Linggong
Qin Linggong (? -415 years ago), also known as Qin Suling Gong
won his surname, Zhao, whose name is unknown. From 424 to 415, he was the grandson of Duke Huai of Qin. When Qin Linggong died, his first division Ji (later Qin Xiangong) was young, only five years old.
Ling Gong's uncle mourned for his son, and when his younger son was young, he took the throne and became the monarch, namely Qin Jiangong. Shi Ji was exiled to Longxi Valley. In the history of China, the public sacrifice to Xuanyuan Huangdi in Huangdi Mausoleum began in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was the first time in Qin Linggong that Xuanyuan Huangdi was regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
Since then, the public offerings to the Huangdi Mausoleum have basically maintained a high standard.
26. Qin Jiangong
Qin Jiangong (? -The first 4 years), the famous mourning son, reigned for 15 years. Son of Qin Huaigong, brother of Qin Zhaozi and uncle of Qin Linggong. From 414 BC to the first 4 years. In the first 413 years, Qin Jiangong set out to attack Wei and was defeated by Zheng (now southwest of Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province).
In the first 49 years, Duke Jian ordered officials to carry swords for self-defense. This is a major measure for Qin to innovate the ritual system; The following year, people were allowed to carry swords. In the same year, Wei cut Qin, occupied Hexi, built Luoyin and County, and Qin retreated to Luoshui (now Luoshui in Shaanxi). In order to strengthen defense and ensure domestic reform, Jian Gong organized military and civilians to build the Great Wall in the east. This is the earliest Great Wall in the Warring States Period, also known as the Great Wall of Qindong.
the great wall starts in the south near Xiaozhang village, southeast of Huayin county, Shaanxi province, and then tends to cross the Weihe river in the northeast, go north along the right bank of Luohe, pass through Dali, Pucheng and Baishui counties, and end at the southern foot of Huanglong mountain in Baishui county in the north. Today, in the east of Huayin County and southeast of pucheng county, there are Qin Changcheng ruins.
27. Qin Chugong
Qin Chugong (388 BC-385 BC) was the monarch of Qin in the early Warring States period. Son of Qin Huigong. Shi Ben was the master of Qin Dynasty, and Lu Chunqiu was the master of Qin Dynasty, and won the surname of Zhao. In office for 2 years.
It is also known as Chuzi in history. In the first 387 years, Hui Gong died and went to the throne. At that time, Fang was two years old. His mother presided over the court affairs, and eunuchs and consorts were reused. "Many sages don't talk about hiding themselves, and the people are resentful." In the second year (in the first 385 years), Zuo Shu changed to launch a coup, fighting for the son and his mother, and welcoming Prince Ling Gong and his son back to China.
from the time when Qin Li became a duke (reigned in 477-443) to the time when Qin Chugong was in power, the ministers were autocratic, and the number of monarchs changed, and the state of Qin became unstable.
28, Qin Xiangong
Qin Xiangong (424 BC-362 BC), Shi Ben was the tribute of Qin Yuan, and Yue Jue Shu was the king of Qin Yuan. "Historical Records" records the famous teacher Ji, the monarch of Qin during the Warring States Period.
son of Qin Linggong, who reigned for 23 years. Qin Xiangong was exiled to Wei in his early years, and after returning to China to succeed to the throne, he carried out reforms in Qin, including abolishing human sacrifice, moving the capital, expanding commercial activities, compiling household registration and promoting county system, and launched several wars to recover the lost land in Hexi (the area west of the south section of the Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces).
Although the reform in Qin Xiangong's period was not thorough, it laid the foundation for Shang Yang's reform in Qin Xiaogong's period.
29. Qin Xiaogong
Qin Xiaogong (381-338 BC), whose surname was Zhao, wrote Yue Jueshu. The famous canal beam is recorded in Historical Records. During the Warring States Period, the monarch of the State of Qin, the son of Qin Xiangong, reigned for 24 years, and posthumous title was filial.
Qin Xiaogong attaches great importance to health.