Why is there water next to the fourth reservoir?

Four major libraries in China. Namely Beijing Wen Yuan Pavilion, Shenyang Wenshui Pavilion, Chengde Jinwen Pavilion and Hangzhou Wen Lan Pavilion.

Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing is the library of Qing Palace, which was built in 41 years of Qianlong (1776). In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the emperor opened the "Sikuquanshu Museum" and compiled the "Sikuquanshu". In thirty-nine years, a letter was issued to build a library building, and Yu Wenhua was ordered to carve out a suitable place behind the house and carve out Wenyuan Pavilion as the exclusive collection of Sikuquanshu. Wen Yuan Pavilion is located at the back of Wenhua Hall in Donghuamen of the Forbidden City, facing north and south. This pavilion is modeled after Fan Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. The exterior is two-story, with a concealed building at the waist eaves, six rooms wide, and stairs at the west end connecting the upper and lower floors. The blue bricks of two gables are paved to the roof, which is simple and elegant. Black glazed tile roof, green glazed tile trimming, meaning black main water, fire water pressure, to ensure the safety of the library. The front porch of the exhibition hall has palindrome railings, lintels hanging upside down under the eaves, green eaves columns, fresh and pleasing Soviet-style color paintings, which are more garden architectural style. There is a square pool carved in front of the pavilion to introduce gold water and river water into it. A stone bridge is built on the pool, and aquatic animals are carved on the stone bridge and the fence around the pool, which is beautiful and exquisite. After the pavilion, the lake stones pile up into mountains, just like barriers. During this period, pine and cypress were planted, which lasted for more than 200 years and flourished. On the east side of the pavilion, there is a unique pavilion with yellow glazed tiles on the top. There is a stone tablet in the pavilion. On the front, there is Wen Yuan Pavilion inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, and on the back, there are royal poems presented by Wen Yuan Pavilion.

After Wenyuan Pavilion was built in the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), the emperor held a banquet here every year. In forty-seven years (1728), when the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu was completed, Emperor Qianlong hosted a banquet in Wen Yuan Pavilion to reward officials and participants at all levels who compiled the Complete Book of Sikuquanshu, which was unprecedented. Sikuquanshu, together with the ancient and modern book collection, entered Tibet Wenyuan Museum, which was arranged in four parts according to the subset of classics and history. Twenty-two Confucian classics, led by Confucian classics, and the textual research of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu and the ancient and modern book collection, are placed on the first floor, and the emperor's throne is located in the middle as a place to give lectures. There are three rooms on the second floor connected to the first floor, surrounded by floors, bookshelves and 33 books of the history department. The second floor is dark and the light is extremely weak. Only books can be collected, which is not conducive to reading. On the third floor, except the stairwell at the west end, the other five rooms are connected, and each room is separated from the bookshelf by the front and rear columns, which is spacious and bright. There are 22 children's books and 28 books here, and there is also a royal couch in the Ming Dynasty for the emperor to enter the cabinet at any time. Emperor Qianlong was proud to have such a luxurious collection of books, and once wrote a poem: "Bing Shen's poem is a dry song, but it is fortunate that the book is successful today, …". According to the regulations of the Qing Palace, ministers and officials who like ancient books and are diligent in learning can read books in the library with permission, but they must not damage the books or take them out of the library.

The name of Wenyuan Pavilion began in the Ming Dynasty, and its pavilion was also built in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, "established a palace in Nanjing, that is, built a Wenyuan Pavilion in the east of Fengtianmen, which preserved the ambition of the past and the present". This is the beginning of the Wen Yuan Pavilion. Ming Chengzu moved the capital to Beijing, modeled on the existing regulations in Nanjing, and built the Wenyuan Pavilion in the Beijing Palace. The early function of Wen Yuan Pavilion mainly lies in collecting books and compiling books. The famous Yongle Dadian was compiled in the Wen Yuan Pavilion of Nanjing Forbidden City. In the first year of Yongle (1403), Ming Taizu Chengzu ordered the revision of this book. Because the first draft was "not ready", he ordered a three-year reconstruction (1405). "Life does Chinese and foreign officials and old Confucianists in all directions, Jane imperial academy and other county scholars, the library opened in Wen Yuan Pavilion, and Guanglu Temple gave life to the DPRK. At that time, "Changshu, Dantu and Jishui Chen Cheng all went to the museum to repair the ceremony, and Huai Tong recruited the museum to open the script ceremony. "In the sixth year of Yongle (1408), the ceremony was also directly stored in the Wen Yuan Pavilion. After the Forbidden City in Beijing was basically completed, Cheng Zu specially ordered the books of Nanjing Wen Yuan Pavilion to be transported to Beijing for collection. According to records, "in the sixteenth year, Chen Xun was sent to Nanjing to take all the ancient and modern books in our library, ranging from one book to more than one hundred books, each of which was taken to the north, and the rest were sealed. "These rare secretaries shipped to Beijing, except Yongle Dadian, were stored in Wenlou, and other books were officially put into Tibet Wenyuan Museum in the sixth year of the British Orthodox Church (144 1). At that time, Yang Shiqi, a college student who presided over the inventory and cataloging, collected all the books in the bookcase and compiled them into Wenyuange Bibliography, which read "There are thousands of words, from heaven to words, and each book has twenty or fifty cabinets". In addition to collecting books and compiling books, Wen Yuan Pavilion is also a "place where the emperor talks about reading". The emperor browses books here from time to time and calls Hanlin Confucian scholars to talk about classics.

In the fourteenth year of the Orthodox Church (1449), a fire broke out in the Ming Palace Museum in Nanjing, and the Wen Yuan Pavilion and other books were burned. With the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing Palace was also destroyed in the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. After the establishment of the national political power in the Qing Dynasty, it followed the Ming system in political system and gradually accepted the feudal culture with Confucianism as the main body in cultural thought. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), Sikuquanshu was published in February. Considering the future storage of the book after its completion, Emperor Qianlong took precautions when he launched a large-scale book editing activity the following year and decided to build a special storage place for Sikuquanshu. Considering that Tianyi Pavilion, the library building in Fan, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, is "pure brick, not afraid of fire and candle, and has not been damaged since the previous dynasty, and its method is very refined", it has been working for forty years (1775), and the pavilion was officially started and successfully completed the following year. Wen Yuan Pavilion imitates Tianyi Pavilion in terms of building regulations, building functions and building concepts, but there are many similarities and differences in the actual situation. As a special library in the Forbidden City, Wen Yuan Pavilion embodies the superb skills and level of court architecture in Qing Dynasty in engineering design and architectural art.

The Wensui Pavilion in Shenyang Palace Museum is famous all over the world, not only because of its unique architecture, but also because it is the world-famous collection of Sikuquanshu and the largest library built in the court. After the Qing soldiers entered the Central Plains, the anti-Manchu sentiment of the Han nationality was very strong. At first, the Qing dynasty suppressed it by force, but it also knew that national consciousness could not be eliminated by high-handed means, so it imitated the "democratic rule" of the previous generation in an attempt to abridge the classics and fool the people, especially the literati. 1772 (thirty-seven years of Qianlong), Emperor Gaozong of Qing Qianlong set up the "Siku Literature Museum" and went down to the swamp to collect books from all over the world. "Complete book" refers to a series of books. After more than ten years, it was finally compiled into a book, with a total of 168,000 volumes, which was divided into four parts: classics, history, literature and collections, so it was called Sikuquanshu. This is another giant series after Yongle Grand Ceremony in Ming Dynasty, which is the best in the world. After the compilation was completed, Emperor Qianlong decided to build a pavilion dedicated to the collection of Sikuquanshu. After the completion of this pavilion, it was named "Wensui Pavilion", which means "tracing back to the source" to show that in the prosperous times, we still don't forget the hardships of our ancestors in starting a business and striving to govern the country. The building of Wensui Pavilion is quite strange. It was built on the west road of the Forbidden City. There are more than 100 palaces on the west road of the Forbidden City, but the main layout is divided into two areas. From south to north, Jiayin Hall and Stage are in front, and Wenshui Pavilion is behind. Wenshui Pavilion is a two-story and three-story building with a completely different color from other palaces. Generally, the roofs of palaces are decorated with yellow glazed tiles and colorful decorations, while Wensui Pavilion is decorated with black glazed tiles. This is unique in the architecture of Shenyang Forbidden City. All the doors, windows and columns are painted green, and the color paintings on the eaves are mainly blue, green and white, which is very different from the color decorations on the eaves of other palaces, which are mainly red and gold. Instead of using Long Feifeng, which is common in palaces, his color paintings use patterns such as "White Horse Offering Books" and "Calligraphy Rolling Books" which are in harmony with the functions of the library, giving people a feeling of simplicity and freshness. The reason why black glazed tiles are used as the top is mainly to unify the appearance style of the whole building.

Shenyang Imperial Palace, formerly known as Shengjing Palace Que, was later called Fengtian Palace. Located in the center of the old city of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shenhe District, Shenyang. Covering an area of about 60,000 square meters, it has more than 90 buildings and more than 300 rooms. Founded in the late Golden Ten Years (five years starting tomorrow, 1625), it was first established in the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (the ninth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, 1636). In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing dynasty (1644), after the Qing dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, it became the "capital palace". From the tenth year of Kangxi (167 1) to the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), the Qing emperor 1 1 paid homage to the ancestral tomb and was stationed here and expanded. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Imperial Palace in Shenyang lost its status as a palace and became the capital palace. In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong (1780), the buildings on the west road were added, including Jiayin Hall on the stage and Wenshui Pavilion where the Complete Works of Siku were stored, and Dongsuo, Xisuo and Shengjing Ancestral Temple were built in the middle road. Shenyang Imperial Palace is the most complete palace building in China, second only to Beijing Imperial Palace. It inherits the tradition of ancient architecture in China in architectural art, with the traditional architectural style and layout of Han nationality as the mainstay, and the national style and layout of Mongolian and Manchu, which has high historical and artistic value. After 1926, its buildings were successively turned into museums (now called Shenyang Palace Museum). The project "Beijing and Shenyang Ming and Qing Imperial Palace" was listed in the World Heritage List in July 2004. Wusong He Fei's blog

Jinwen Pavilion in Chengde was built in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774) and rebuilt in 1954. The architectural style is modeled after the "Tianyi Pavilion" in Zhejiang, which was built in the Ming Dynasty. The appearance is two layers, but it is actually three layers. There is a dark floor in the museum, so the sun can't shine directly on the stacks. The interior paints and colorful paintings are also very elegant. Dark green columns, blue envelopes and white book tails, mainly in cool colors, give people a quiet atmosphere.

Jinwen Pavilion is located in the plain area in the west of Rehe Palace (now Chengde City, Hebei Province) summer resort. Built in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), it was modeled after Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhejiang. It is not only an important library in Qing Dynasty, but also a small garden with distinctive features. There used to be a collection of Sikuquanshu, as well as the classification of classics, history, books and collections, with a collection of 3,503 kinds, 79,337 volumes and 3.63 million volumes, which is a very valuable cultural heritage. Li Hong (Emperor Qianlong) wrote in Jin Wen Ting Ji: "If you want to trace the source of the stream from the branch, you must first care about knowing its Tianjin." This sentence means "bronze inscription". During the Qianlong period, seven royal libraries were built all over the country to collect Sikuquanshu. Among them, the Wen Yuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City, the Wen Yuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan, the Wenshui Pavilion in Shenyang Forbidden City and the Jinwen Pavilion in chengde mountain resort were called the Northern Four Libraries or the Royal Four Libraries. Jinwen Pavilion, located in the north of thousands of feet Snow Scenic Area, was built in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (AD 1774). It is the first of the four pavilions in the palace. In Wenjinge, 10,000 volumes of Ancient and Modern Books Integration and four sets of Imperial Poems were originally collected, and 1785 also collected Sikuquanshu here. After the Revolution of 1911, Siku Quanshu was transported to Beijing Library, and the ancient and modern books collected were sold by warlords in the early years.

One of the four major libraries in China: Wen Lan Pavilion.

Man Kam Pavilion is a two-story pavilion, but it is actually a three-story pavilion with a dark building in the middle. The dark floor is made of nanmu, which can prevent insects from eating and is a place to collect books. The design of this pavilion is based on the statement of "natural water" and "60% soil" in the Book of Changes. The six catalpa on the first floor are divided into six single rooms, and the six catalpa on the top floor are connected into a large room to put out the fire with "soil six" and "sky one". Man Kam Pavilion is surrounded by walls, facing south, facing the water on three sides, and there are foyer, rockery, pool, Man Kam Pavilion and tablet pavilion from south to north. Wenjinge is a pavilion in the east, with four pyramid-shaped roof corners, covered with yellow glazed tiles, and a vertical stone tablet, 5.34 meters high. The front of the monument is engraved with the title "Wen Jin Ge Ji", and the other three sides are engraved with three poems written by Gan Long. After Wenjinge was written, 1782, he wrote Sikuquanshu and copied 7 volumes, one of which was kept in Wenjinge. With the ups and downs of China's fate, only the collection of Wenjinge is well preserved. 19 15, Ge's Sikuquanshu was transported back to Beijing by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the National Government, stored in the Antiquities Preservation Institute, and then transferred to the newly established library (the predecessor of the National Library) for preservation. So today, it has become a treasure of the National Library.

Hangzhou Wen Lan Pavilion Hangzhou Wen Lan Pavilion was built in the 49th year of Qing Qianlong (1784). It is located at No.25, Gushan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, that is, at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, in today's Zhejiang Provincial Museum. Reconstruction of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (188 1). This place used to be the palace of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, it was changed to Shengyin Temple. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong, the temple was divided into two parts and the palace was rebuilt. Most of the existing buildings are in the Qing Dynasty, which is one of the seven museums specially built by the Qing government for the collection of Sikuquanshu in the 38th year of Qing Qianlong (1773). In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong, it is planned to transform the Yulantang behind Shengyin Temple into the Wen Lan Pavilion. Because it is close to the mountain root and the terrain is wet, it is not suitable for collecting books. As a result, the Tibetan Scripture Pavilion, which originally collected ancient and modern books, was rebuilt next to Shengyin Temple. The bookcase has three floors in the room and two floors in appearance. There is a rockery garden pool in front of the pavilion, huge stones are planted in the garden, and there is also the famous immortal peak. There is an imperial tablet pavilion in the east, a veranda in the west, a fence around it, and a hanging flower door. A three-story pavilion was built in the original site to restore its old view, and two palace doors, east and west corner doors, left and right side doors, houses that would leak rain and so on were added. And added a rockery with a platform and a fun pavilion. In the east of the pavilion, there are three other buildings, called Taiyi Fenqing Room, surrounded by walls. There is Luohan Hall in front of Taiyi Youth Room, which was originally a building of Shengyin Temple and moved here. Included in the scope of protection of ancient buildings. The total area is 17 10 square meter.