Gu Yue refers to the north, so what are the other three directions specifically called?
1. Represented by Yin and Yang
Yin and Yang are originally the sun turning to the back, the sun turning to the sun, and the sun turning to the back. China is located in the northern hemisphere, and the mountains and rivers are roughly east-west and cross each other. Shan Zhinan and the north of the water are Yang, so Shan Zhinan and the north of the water are Yang, and vice versa. "Twenty-eight years of Xi Gong": "The north water is Yang, and the south water is Yang." Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Yin, dark also; South of the water, north of the mountain. " Li Jifu further pointed out in Yuanhe County Records: "The mountains are sunny in the south and cloudy in the north; The water in the north is yang, and the water in the south is yin. Place names named after Yin or Yang reflect their geographical orientation, such as Huayin in the north of Huashan, Hengyang in the south of Hengshan, Jiangyin in the south of the Yangtze River, Huaiyin in in the south of Huaishui, Hanyang in the north of Hanshui and Luoyang in the north of Luoshui. ...
2. Use five elements to express
The five elements are usually considered as wood, fire, earth, gold and water. In the Han dynasty, the five elements and geographical orientation formed a cooperative relationship. Dong Zhongshu's The Story of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Meaning of the Five Elements said: "Wood lives in the left, gold lives in the right, fire is in the front, water is in the back, and soil is in the middle ... So wood lives in the east for spring, fire in the south for summer, gold in the west for autumn, and water in the north for winter."
Step 3: Use five colors
The ancients matched the five colors of green, red, white, black and yellow with the five elements of wood, fire, gold, water and earth, and also with the five elements of east, south, west, north and middle. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Green, Oriental color"; "Red, southern color"; White, the color of the west. Under the word "black", Duan Yucai added "northern color also". "Lun Heng Yan Fu" said: "Yellow is the earth, located in the middle." In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen clearly put forward: "The wood color is green, so the green one is also oriental; Wood makes a fire, and its color is red, so the red one is also in the south; Fire is born in soil, and its color is yellow, so the yellow one is also in the middle; Native gold is white, so white people are also western. " Gold is born in water, and its color is black, so the black one is also in the north. "
4. Use four seasons to express.
In ancient times, the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter were also included in the five-element system, which corresponded to the geographical orientation of east, west, north and south and could be replaced with each other. "Muju East dominates spring, fire dominates summer in the south, gold dominates autumn in the west, and water dominates winter in the north." (Dong Zhongshu's Spring and Autumn Story) In ancient poems, the "west wind" is often called "autumn wind" or "golden wind". east wind
5. Represented by four wild animals
The ancients used the "Four Gods" of Black Dragon (Qinglong), Suzaku, White Tiger and Xuanwu to represent the four directions in the southeast and northwest, namely "Four Gods in Four Sides". Yi Tong, a white tiger in Bangu, said, "Left Qinglong, right white tiger, former Suzaku, later Xuanwu". The black dragon (Qinglong) is patterned with dragons. Suzaku, with a bird as the pattern; White tiger, with a jumping tiger as the pattern; Xuanwu, with snake wrapped around turtle as the pattern. In ancient China, the square gates, small bridges and lakes in Miyagi were also generally named after Four Holy Beasts, such as Qinglong Town, which is located on the coast of the East China Sea. Chang 'an, Jinling, etc. The north gate is called Xuanwu Gate and the south gate is called Zhuquemen. "There are weeds beside Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique." (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane) Nanjing Zhuque Bridge, built in Xiankang, Eastern Jin Dynasty, is a pontoon bridge across Qinhuai River, also known as China Southern Airlines. Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing is located in the north of Zhongshan. In the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was called Beihu Lake.
6. Represented by left and right
The ancients used to turn east to left and west to right. Things and left and right can often replace each other. Wei's Miscellaneous Records says: "Jiangdong is called Jiangzuo, Jiangxi is called Jiangyou, and it is discussed from Jiangbei. Jiangdong is on the left and Jiangxi is in the right ear. " Gan said, "Don't worry, Prime Minister. If you go to Jiangzuo, you will succeed." "(Heroes of Heroes Club Will Be Recruited by Jiang Gan) On the left side of the river is the east side of the river." Huaizuomingdu, Zhuxi is a good place with few saddles on the initial journey. "Yangzhou belonged to Huainan East Road in the Song Dynasty." Jiang Boyue has left Longyou many times. "(Zhong Hui Shu Shu Wen) Longyou is Longxi.
7. Use gossip to express it
Eight diagrams are eight graphic symbols in Zhouyi. The order of eight diagrams is generally: dry, Kun, true, smoked, Kan, Li, root and hui. The relationship between gossip and geographical orientation is: truth represents the east, Li represents the south, Hui represents the west, and Kan represents the north, which is "four positive"; Write for the southeast, Kun for the southwest, Gan for the northwest and Gen for the northeast. This is the "four corners".
8. Numeric representation
The combination of numbers and five elements can also represent geographical orientation. Yang Xiong's Tai Xuan: "One, six is water, two, seven is fire, three, eight is wood, four, nine is gold, five, ten is earth." One lives in six * * * people (north), two lives in seven friends (south), three lives in 80% friends (east), four lives in nine (west) and five lives in ten * * * (middle). "
9. Represented by heavenly stems and earthly branches.
The ancients combined the heavenly stems with the five elements to express geographical orientation. The popular saying is: "East, fire in the south, gold in the west, water in the north and Wuji soil in the middle." The ancients also used land branches to express geographical orientation. Wang Mang once opened a north-south passage from Guanzhong to Hanzhong, called Meridian Road. Yan Shigu explained: "Zi, North; In the afternoon, the south is also. " It is said that the north-south road is almost the same, so it is called meridian ear. "The imaginary line (meridian) connecting the north and south poles of the earth is called meridian. Shi Mao is the sunrise in the East, so "Mao" means the East; Youshi is the time when the sun sets in the west, so "Youshi" is used to represent the west.
10. Represented by stars
Ancient astronomers in China chose 28 stars around the equator of the ecliptic as the signs of observing astronomical phenomena, which were called "28 stars" (each star contains 2-22 stars). Twenty-eight stars are classified into seven nights, divided into four groups, and there are four Guardian, forming a complete astrological theory:
Seven hostels of Oriental Black Dragon: Kakuk, Kangsu, Su Chang, Su Fang, Shinjuku, Su Wei and Jisu.
Seven Nights in North Xuanwu: Dousu, Niusu, Nvsu, Xu Su, Dangerous, Rooms, Walls.
Seven nights in the West White Tiger: Que, Lou, Wei, Pleiades, Li and Betelgeuse.
There are seven places where Zhu birds live in the south: Su Jing, Qiuci, Liu Su, Su Xing, Zhang Su, Yong Su and Zhu Su.
The 28th floor and the three walls (Taiwei Wall, Wei Zi Wall and Shi Tian Wall) are the criteria for dividing the paradise areas in ancient China, and they are often used to indicate directions or areas in classical poetry.