The weather is very hot. What should I do if I suddenly get hit?

Types of heatstroke can be roughly divided into the following four categories based on differences in conditions: Heat syncope Cause: Waking up under direct sunlight for a long time. It is caused by dehydration caused by sweating and dilation of terminal blood vessels, which reduces blood circulation throughout the body. Symptoms: Sudden loss of consciousness. The body temperature is higher than usual, sweating is obvious, and the pulse is twitchy. Treatment: Infusion and cooling therapy. Heat exhaustion Cause: The supply of water and salt cannot keep up with the excessive sweating, resulting in dehydration symptoms. Symptoms: There are various symptoms, such as: rectal temperature rising to 39°C, cold skin, obvious sweating, etc. Treatment: Infusion and cooling therapy. Heat cramps (heat cramps) Cause: After heavy sweating, only water is replenished, and salt and minerals are insufficient. Symptoms: Sudden onset of painful cramps and stiffness. Body temperature is higher than usual, and sweating is noticeable. Treatment: Inject saline solution orally. Heat Stroke If the cause of heat stroke is only related to direct sunlight exposure, it is also called sunstroke. Cause: [[[Hypothalamus]] The thermal center is blocked and the temperature regulation function is lost. . Symptoms: A high degree of consciousness disorder, body temperature rising above 40°C, indistinct sweating, and dry skin. Treatment: Emergency admission and cooling therapy as soon as possible. [Edit this paragraph] Causes of heat stroke There are many causes of heat stroke. If you work in a workshop with high temperature operations and poor ventilation, heat stroke is very easy to occur. When working in agriculture and open air, you are exposed to direct sunlight, and the ground is exposed to sunlight. Exposure to the sun will raise the atmospheric temperature again, causing congestion of the meninges and ischemia of the cerebral cortex, causing heat stroke. The increase in humidity in the air can easily induce heat stroke; in public places and families, the crowds are crowded and the heat production is concentrated. , heat dissipation is difficult. Meteorological conditions for heat stroke The occurrence of heat stroke is not only related to temperature, but also related to humidity, wind speed, labor intensity, high temperature environment, exposure time, institutional strength, nutritional status, water and salt supply, etc. The factors that induce heatstroke are complex, but the main factor is temperature. According to the meteorological characteristics, the microclimate at the site where heat stroke occurs can be divided into two categories: one is a dry and hot environment, which is characterized by high temperature, strong radiant heat and low humidity. The ambient temperature can generally be 5-15℃ higher than the outdoor temperature. The humidity is often below 40%; the other type is a hot and humid environment, that is, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, but the radiant heat is not strong. Because when the temperature is 35-39°C, 2/3 of the body's waste heat is evaporated and excreted through sweating. At this time, if the surrounding environment is humid, the sweat will not easily evaporate. According to experiments, the conditions that lead to heatstroke are: ① Relative humidity 85%, temperature 30-31°C; ② Relative humidity 50%, temperature 38°C; ③ Relative humidity 30%, temperature 40°C. The degree of heat stroke can be divided into three levels: ① Premonitory heat stroke. In a high-temperature environment, a lot of sweating, thirst, dizziness, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpitations, nausea, limb weakness, inability to concentrate, body temperature not exceeding 37.5℃; ② Mild heatstroke. Symptoms of premonitory heatstroke, with body temperature above 38.5°C, accompanied by flushing, chest tightness, skin burning, etc.; or clammy skin, vomiting, decreased blood pressure, and thin and fast pulse; ③ Severe heatstroke. In addition to the above symptoms, fainting or convulsions occur; or there is no sweating, and the body temperature is above 40°C. [Edit this paragraph] Symptoms of heat stroke Heat stroke refers to an acute disease characterized by disorders of the central nervous system and circulatory system caused by disorders of human body temperature regulation in high temperature environments. In addition to high temperature and scorching sun exposure, excessive work intensity, too long hours, lack of sleep, and excessive fatigue are all common triggers. According to the severity of clinical manifestations, heatstroke can be divided into premonitory heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke, and the relationship between them is gradual. ★ Premonitory symptoms of heat stroke: In high temperature environment, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, thirst, excessive sweating, weakness and soreness of limbs, inattention, and uncoordinated movements may occur. The body temperature is normal or slightly elevated. If it is moved to a cool and ventilated place in time and supplemented with water and salt, it can recover in a short time. ★ Symptoms of mild heat stroke: body temperature is often above 38 degrees. In addition to dizziness and thirst, there are often symptoms such as flushing of the face, profuse sweating, and burning skin, or symptoms such as clammy limbs, pale complexion, decreased blood pressure, and rapid pulse. If treated promptly, recovery can often occur within a few hours. ★ Symptoms of severe heat stroke As the name suggests, it is the most serious form of heat stroke. If not treated in time, it will be life-threatening. This type of heat stroke can be divided into four types: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, sunstroke and heat stroke. ·Characteristics of heat cramp symptoms: They often occur when excessive sweating and thirst, drinking too much water and insufficient salt supplement lead to a rapid and significant decrease in the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood. When this type of heat stroke occurs, the muscles will suddenly experience paroxysmal spasm of pain. ·Characteristics of heat exhaustion symptoms: This type of heat stroke often occurs in the elderly and people who cannot adapt to high temperatures for a while. The main symptoms are dizziness, headache, palpitation, thirst, nausea, vomiting, clammy skin, drop in blood pressure, syncope or confusion. The body temperature at this time is normal or slightly elevated.

·Characteristics of symptoms of sunstroke: The cause of this type of heatstroke is just like its name. It is due to direct exposure to the scorching sun. The strong sunlight penetrates the skin of the head and skull, causing damage to brain cells, which in turn causes congestion and edema of the brain tissue. ; Since the head is mainly injured, the initial discomfort is severe headache, nausea and vomiting, and restlessness, followed by coma and convulsions. ·Characteristics of heat stroke symptoms: There are also some people who engage in physical labor in high-temperature environments for a long time. The body produces too much heat and lacks heat dissipation, causing the body temperature to rise sharply. In the early stage of the disease, there is a large amount of cold sweat, followed by no sweat, shallow and fast breathing, a thin pulse, restlessness, confusion, and drop in blood pressure, and gradually develops into coma with twitching of the limbs; in severe cases, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc. may occur. First aid method for children with heatstroke (Youyinpei Note) Symptoms of heat injury include: the baby's skin may look rosy at first, but feels dry and warm to the touch, irritability and crying, accelerated breathing and pulse, and then fatigue, dizziness, and convulsions. , or enter a coma, and the body temperature can reach over 39 degrees Celsius when measured. Emergency treatment methods are as follows: 1. Keep the respiratory tract open. 2. Give some non-caffeine refreshing drinks every ten to fifteen minutes, but do not give it to those with vomiting. 3. Move the baby to a cool place, remove clothes, and use fans and air conditioners to lower the ambient temperature. The whole body can be wiped with a warm and cool wet towel (moisten it with tap water; do not use alcohol or ice water instead), or put into a cold water (not cold water) bathtub to lower the body temperature (rectal temperature) to 39 degrees Celsius. That's it, don't let your body temperature drop too low. Never use ice water or ice cubes, as super-cooled ice water will extremely constrict blood vessels in the skin and block blood flow to the skin, making it impossible to continue to dissipate heat. People suffering from heatstroke should not be given ordinary antipyretics, as their antipyretic effect (lowering the setting of the temperature center) will be detrimental to the body. 4. Seek medical treatment immediately. Ways to prevent heat stroke 1. Do not expose your baby to the bright sun. A closed car without air conditioning is also dangerous. 2. Maintain ventilation in the surrounding environment and maintain a suitable temperature. 3. Do not wrap the baby too tightly. 4. Pay attention to the provision of moisture. If you are sick, have a fever or have diarrhea, pay special attention to the water supply to avoid losing too much body water and leading to dehydration. How to prevent heatstroke in children? Pay attention to weather changes. Pay special attention to high temperature forecasts. Do not let children go outdoors between noon and 4 p.m.; arrange for naps in a cool room; bathe and wipe yourself frequently on hot days; talk about food and drinks more lightly salted boiled water and mung bean soup. Pay attention to indoor ventilation. Even in air-conditioned rooms, windows should be opened regularly in the morning and evening for ventilation. On the hottest days, the indoor temperature should be kept at 26°C, not exceeding 28°C, but not lower than 24°C to avoid too large a temperature difference between indoors and outdoors. At the same time, a certain degree of humidity must be controlled. Long summer is a period of humidity, and high humidity and sultry heat affect [1] perspiration, making it easy for heatstroke. Choose appropriate outdoor activities. Take your children to outdoor tree-lined lakeside activities, avoid hot periods, and bring heat protection tools, such as parasols, sunglasses, etc. Do not expose yourself to the sun for a long time; it is best if you can swim, but you can also row or wade in the water. You should also pay attention to sun protection. Properly replenish water. Sweating will cause you to lose salt, so you can't just drink boiled water. You should drink light salt water or salt soda. Drinking too much sugary drinks and milk can easily cause gas and bloating. You can drink some fresh juice. It is advisable to eat a diet to prevent heatstroke. It is recommended to eat more light and easy-to-digest foods, such as mung bean, lily, rice kernel porridge, winter melon short rib soup, brine shrimp, steamed fish, steamed eggs, etc., and eat appropriate amounts of whole grains, such as corn, oatmeal and millet porridge. How to keep children healthy and safe through summer? In addition to heat stroke, some other summer diseases must be prevented: [Edit this paragraph] Countermeasures for heat stroke What to do after heat stroke? When you find that you or others have symptoms of premonitory heatstroke or mild heatstroke, the first thing to do is to quickly evacuate the high temperature environment that caused heatstroke, choose a cool and ventilated place to rest, and drink more refreshing drinks containing salt. You can also apply cooling oil, Fengyoujing, etc. on the forehead and temples, or take traditional Chinese medicines such as Rendan, Shidishui, Huoxiang Zhengqi water. If blood pressure drops or collapse occurs, you should lie down immediately and go to the hospital for intravenous infusion of saline. For those with severe heat stroke, in addition to immediately moving them from high temperature environments to a cool and ventilated place, they should also be sent to the hospital quickly and comprehensive measures should be taken for treatment.

If far from the hospital, the patient should be removed from the high temperature environment, wrapped in wet sheets or wet clothes and given a powerful fan to increase evaporative heat dissipation. While waiting for transfer, the patient can be immersed in a lake or river, or even cooled with snow or ice , is also a good method. If the patient is shivering, the cooling process should be slowed down, because shivering can increase the core body temperature (warning: the body temperature should be measured every 10 minutes, and the body temperature should not be allowed to drop to 38.3°C to avoid continuing to cool down and lead to hypothermia) ). In the hospital, core body temperature should be continuously monitored to ensure its stability. Stimulants and sedatives, including morphine, should be avoided; if convulsions cannot be controlled, diazepam and barbiturates can be administered intravenously. Electrolytes should be measured frequently for guidance Intravenous fluid rehydration. After severe heat stroke, it is best to rest in bed for a few days. The body temperature may still fluctuate within a few weeks.