What are the customs of Tujia people?

Tujia people love to live in groups and live in wooden houses with hanging feet. Houses are built from village to village, and there are few single-family houses. Most of the houses built are wooden structures, small blue tiles, lattice windows, overhangs and wooden railings, walking in the corner, antique. Generally, the house is a small courtyard, with a fence in front of it, a bamboo forest behind it, green slate paving the way, planking the wall and lighting in Song and Ming Dynasties. The family lived a quiet pastoral life at sunrise and sunset. Today, most Tujia people live in wooden diaojiao buildings, which are generally called "Zuo Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku, Later Xuanwu". Diaojiaolou, built on the mountain, is divided into two floors with wooden columns on the flat ground. The upper floor is ventilated, dry and moisture-proof, which is the living room; The lower floor is a pigsty or used for stacking sundries. The average house type is 4 rows of 3-room houses or 6 rows of 5-room houses. The average house is 5-column 2 riding, 5-column 4 riding, and the big house is 7-column 4 riding and 4 courtyard. There are 4 rows of fans with 3 rooms, with a hall in the middle and Rao rooms on the left and right sides for living and cooking. Rao's room is divided into two halves by the pillar, with the fire kang in front and the bedroom behind. There is an arc corridor around the building on the diaojiao building, and the arc corridor is also equipped with railings. In the past, diaojiao buildings were generally covered with thatch or fir bark, and also covered with slate. Now the diaojiao buildings in western Hubei are mostly covered with mud tiles. The construction of diaojiao building is an important event in Tujia people's life. The first step is to prepare wood. Tujia people call it "cutting green hills", and generally choose Toona sinensis or purple trees. Toona sinensis and purple tree are auspicious because of homophonic "spring" and "zi", which means that spring is always big and future generations are prosperous; The second step is to process the material of large beams and columns, which is called "frame size", and draw bagua, Taiji and lotus seeds on the beams; The third process is called "fan arrangement", that is, the processed beams and columns are connected with tenons and arranged into wooden fans; The fourth step is "building a strong column". The host chose the ecliptic as an auspicious day and asked all the neighbors to help him. Before releasing the beam, he will make a sacrifice to the beam. Then everyone Qi Xin worked together to erect rows of wooden fans. At this time, firecrackers will explode and neighbors will send gifts to congratulate him. After the vertical house is reinforced, nail the rafters, cover the tiles and install the board wall. Wealthy families have to decorate eaves on roofs, carve dragons and draw phoenixes under corridors, and decorate balcony railings. Tujia people still plant flowers and various fruit trees in front of and behind their houses, but it is unlucky not to plant mulberry before and peach after, because it is homophonic with "mourning" and "fleeing". Diaojiaolou has many advantages. Hanging on the ground is ventilated and dry, which can prevent poisonous snakes and wild animals, and sundries can be placed under the floor. Diaolou also has distinctive national characteristics. Elegant "silk eaves" and wide "walking columns" make the diaojiao building unique. Compared with "Gan Lan", this diaojiao building successfully got rid of the primitive and has a higher cultural level, so it is called the "living fossil" of Bachu culture. Tujia diaojiao building is mostly wooden structure. Earlier, the toast king banned the natives from sending tiles, and only allowed Chinese fir bark and thatch, which was called "only buying horses, not sending tiles". It was not until the thirteenth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty that Gaiwa was promoted. Generally, there are four fans, three rooms and one row, three pillars and six riding or five pillars and six riding, with ancestral temples in the middle, which is the core of family sacrifice. Buildings are divided into semi-trailer, semi-trailer, two-handed cart trailer, key trailer, bending ruler trailer, water trailer and crossing gorge and hole trailer. Rich people carve beams and paint buildings, with towering eaves and winding stone steps, which is quite poetic and picturesque.